Ch. 42 Questions AEMT

Roughly about how much volume remains in the vascular space about one hour after the initiation of an isotonic IV fluid​ bolus? A. The entire fluid bolus B. About three fourths C. About one third D. About one half

About one third

A​ 39-year-old male was ejected from his vehicle following a​ rollover, sustaining the injuries listed below. Which of the following will MOST likely increase the incidence of morbidity and mortality in this​ patient? A. An open femur fracture B. A tension pneumothorax C. A depressed skull fracture D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is a potential pitfall when managing a multisystem trauma​ patient? A. Managing just one injury when there are multiple injuries B. Not managing an individual injury that is contributing to the​ patient's condition C. Failing to recognize multisystem trauma D. All of the above

All of the above

Your patient has sustained multisystem trauma. Which of the following patient conditions would lead you to suspect an increased susceptibility to​ mortality? A. Age of 75 years B. Medical history of​ end-stage renal disease C. Anticoagulation and bleeding disorders D. All of the above

All of the above

Why does multisystem trauma lead to increased incidence of morbidity and​ mortality? A. The provider cannot only focus on​ life-threatening injuries. B. The combination of two or more​ life-threatening conditions in the same patient increases risk of death substantially. C. Multisystem trauma leads to increased scene management times. D. More significant mechanism of injury is required for multisystem trauma to occur.

The combination of two or more​ life-threatening conditions in the same patient increases risk of death substantially.

Which element is evaluated when considering the special patient or system considerations when applying the​ CDC's field triage decision​ scheme? A. The presence of burn injury B. Vehicle telemetry data C. The presence of an amputation D. The Glasgow coma scale

The presence of burn injury

Clotting​ disorders, also known as bleeding​ disorders, are collectively known​ as: A. coagulopathies. B. hemostasis. C. platelet aggregators. D. anemia.

coagulopathies.

A drop in core body temperature to<​95°F significantly reduces the​ body's blood-clotting mechanism. This decrease in the​ blood's ability to clot is referred to​ as: A. coagulopathy. B. compensated shock. C. multisystem trauma. D. decompensated shock.

coagulopathy.

As a member of the emergency medical services​ team, an AEMT role includes all of the following EXCEPT​ to: A. provide rapid assessment. B. transport patients to the appropriate hospital. C. dispatch equipment. D. triage trauma patients.

dispatch equipment.

You respond to a patient who has sustained a fall. In assessing the​ scene, you MUST include the surface the patient landed on and the​ __________________ to identify the need for specialty trauma care. A. path of the​ patient's body over the course of the fall. B. transport time. C. direction in which kinetic energy is transmitted through the body. D. distance of the fall.

distance of the fall

You respond to a call of an explosion at a local chemical company. Upon​ arrival, the​ company's hazmat team is decontaminating patients so you can easily treat them. The team extricates a​ 35-year-old man who is experiencing slight respiratory distress. The care that you should provide FIRST for this patient​ is: A. insertion of a supraglottic airway. B. ​high-flow oxygen. C. an immediate​ head-to-toe trauma assessment. D. transport to the local trauma center.

high-flow oxygen

The combination of two or more​ life-threatening conditions in the same​ patient: A. causes the AEMT is focus on only the most serious condition. B. increases risk of death substantially. C. indicates the mechanism of injury was not serious. D. decreases the possibility the patient will be transported to a Level I trauma center.

increases risk of death substantially.

During the primary​ assessment: A. manage life threats as soon as they are identified. B. approach assessment and management linearly. C. address all injuries at the same time. D. perform aspects of assessment separately from aspects of​ treatment, patient​ packaging, and transport.

manage life threats as soon as they are identified

An AEMT surveys an accident scene and identifies the​ ______________ to determine the forces applied to the patient. A. plan of action B. mechanism of injury C. transport resources D. index of suspicion

mechanism of injury

To reduce morbidity and mortality associated with multisystem​ trauma, your goal is​ to: A. ignore immediately​ life-threatening conditions for the sake of a quick transport. B. minimize your time on scene and initiate transport as soon as possible. C. omit a primary assessment whenever possible. D. work​ independently, excluding other rescuers.

minimize your time on scene and initiate transport as soon as possible.

Managing patients with multisystem trauma​ requires: A. the ability to understand both specific and multiple injuries. B. permitting one type of injury to divert you from managing the​ patient's overall condition. C. ignoring all but one individual injury that is contributing to the​ patient's condition. D. the ability to focus only on the assessment of the patient.

the ability to understand both specific and multiple injuries.

Spinal injury care steps performed during the primary assessment​ include: A. perform a rapid rollout independent of manual spinal stabilization. B. apply a cervical collar and secure the patient to the stretcher. C. administer medications to prevent further paralysis. D. apply a cervical collar independent of spinal stabilization.

apply a cervical collar and secure the patient to the stretcher.

Your​ 18-year-old patient was involved in an altercation and has a puncture wound to his right​ mid-thorax. You​ should: A. apply an occlusive dressing and seal on all four sides. B. apply a moist dressing and seal on only three sides. C. apply an occlusive dressing and seal on only three sides. D. apply a moist dressing and seal on all four sides.

apply an occlusive dressing and seal on only three sides.

Immediate stabilization of​ life-threatening conditions must be balanced with the need​ for: A. waiting for air medical transport. B. psychological interventions. C. transport to any medical facility. D. specialized diagnostic tests and surgical interventions.

specialized diagnostic tests and surgical interventions.

In patients with internal​ hemorrhage, the bleeding is inaccessible except​ through: A. isotonic fluids. B. surgery. C. tourniquet. D. IV fluids.

surgery.

Your patient is a​ 19-year-old college student who slammed into a brick wall as he skateboarded down a loading ramp behind a building on campus. He has swelling and abrasions to his​ face, deformity to his nasal​ bones, and epistaxis. He responds only to painful stimulus by attempting to withdraw from it. His pupils are equal and reactive. He snores without continuous use of a manual airway maneuver and has respirations of eight breaths per minute with slightly decreased tidal volume. His SpO2 is 93 percent on room air. He has a​ strong, regular radial pulse of 76 beats per minute. His skin is warm and dry. Blood pressure is​ 122/80 mmHg. You have suctioned the​ patient's airway and are beginning​ bag-valve-mask ventilations. You should assist this​ patient's respirations at a rate of​ _______ breaths per minute. A. 16 B. 24 C. 20 D. 10

10

According to the National Trauma Triage​ Protocol, a MVC is considered to involve​ high-energy impact beginning with cabin intrusion of​ ________ inches or more at the site where the occupant was located. A. eight B. 10 C. 12 D. six

12

Because it is NOT practical for an AEMT to always calculate a MAP in the​ field, use a systolic blood pressure​ (SBP) of​ ________ as a sign of adequate perfusion. A. 100 mmHg B. 90 mmHg C. 60 mmHg D. 120 mmHg

90 mmHg\

Your patient is a​ 29-year-old female who was stabbed in the anterior right chest at the sixth intercostal space. She is awake but​ agitated, cool,​ pale, and diaphoretic. She is complaining of pain in the right chest and right upper quadrant of the abdomen. As you continue your​ assessment, her level of responsiveness diminishes. She now responds to verbal stimuli with eye​ opening, giving her a GCS of 14. The airway is​ clear, respirations are 32 breaths per minute and​ shallow, neck veins are​ flat, breath sounds are diminished on the​ right, and the patient has a​ weak, rapid radial pulse. There is tenderness to palpation of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Which of the following is the highest priority for this​ patient? A. Request a paramedic for immediate needle chest decompression of the right chest B. Assist ventilations with a​ bag-valve-mask and supplemental oxygen C. Initiate two​ large-bore IVs of isotonic crystalloid solution D. Use percussion to differentiate between hemothorax and pneumothorax

Assist ventilations with a​ bag-valve-mask and supplemental oxygen

Defects in blood clotting with either inadequate or excessive blood clotting are known​ as: A. coagulopathies. B. anemia. C. hemostasis. D. platelet aggregators.

Coagulopathies

Which of the following is NOT an action taken during reassessment of a critical trauma​ patient? A. Look for trends in patient responsiveness and​ condition, and adjust your interventions accordingly B. Determine the mechanism of injury C. Measure vital signs every five minutes D. Advise the receiving facility of significant improvement or deterioration in the​ patient's condition

Determine the mechanism of injury

An​ 83-year-old woman has fallen down the basement stairs. She complains of left hip pain and rates it​ 10/10. Since the patient is​ downstairs, you immediately recognize the need for assistance in extricating her to the ambulance. As you start the primary​ assessment, you note a large dog at the top of the stairs growling. At this​ time, what is your primary​ concern? A. Need for additional help B. Pain C. Airway D. Dog

Dog

Coagulopathy can result​ from: A. An increase in the​ body's temperature B. Hypothermia C. An extrication time of less than 20 minutes. D. Hyperthermia

Hypothermia

Which of the following BEST describes definitive care for the trauma patient with significant internal​ hemorrhage? A. Immediate surgical intervention at a Level I trauma center B. Administration of blood C. Transport to the closest hospital D. Administration of isotonic crystalloid IV solutions

Immediate surgical intervention at a Level I trauma center

In order to reduce morbidity and​ mortality, critical trauma patients are BEST cared for by transporting without delay​ to: A. a Level II trauma center. B. a Level III trauma center. C. a Level I trauma center. D. the closest emergency department.

a Level I trauma center

What is the result of hypothermia causing​ coagulopathy? A. Decreased production of RBCs B. Decreased blood loss C. Increased blood loss D. Increased production of RBCs

Increased blood loss

Which of the following is TRUE regarding multisystem​ trauma? A. It increases morbidity and decreases mortality. B. It decreases morbidity and increases mortality. C. It decreases morbidity and mortality. D. It increases morbidity and mortality.

It increases morbidity and mortality.

A​ 42-year-old female was involved in a​ head-on collision resulting in multisystem trauma. She is now in hypovolemic shock. What is the goal in managing this patient to prevent morbidity and​ mortality? A. Maintaining adequate cellular perfusion B. Administering high volumes of fluid C. Immediate extrication from the vehicle D. Preventing metabolic alkalosis

Maintaining adequate cellular perfusion

A condition in which more than one body system has been injured is known​ as: A. systemic trauma. B. multisystem trauma. C. ​multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. D. all of the above

Multisystem trauma

The mother of a​ four-year-old boy states that he fell off the top bunk bed and hit his head. After​ falling, he appeared to seize for approximately 30 seconds. Presently he has​ non-purposeful movement to painful​ stimuli, with a patent airway and slow respirations. His radial pulse is​ intact, and his skin is warm and dry. You note urinary incontinence. After taking manual inline spinal​ stabilization, which one of the following should you do​ immediately? A. Apply​ oxygen, fully immobilize the​ patient, and then initiate rapid transport. B. Perform a​ head-tilt/chin-lift and administer​ high-concentration oxygen. C. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and provide​ high-concentration oxygen. D. Perform a​ jaw-thrust maneuver and start positive pressure ventilation.

Perform a​ jaw-thrust maneuver and start positive pressure ventilation.

A​ 17-year-old male received blunt trauma to his face and neck when he struck a low tree branch while riding a snowmobile. He is awake and​ anxious, with no neurologic deficit. His voice is​ hoarse, and there is diffuse swelling over the anterior neck and​ chest, which crackles on palpation. Vital signs​ are: heart​ rate, 88 beats per​ minute; blood​ pressure, 118/78​ mmHg; respiratory​ rate, 28 breaths per​ minute; and SpO2​, 95 percent on room air. Which of the following is the highest priority in the care of this​ patient? A. Placing the patient in a position to maintain airway patency B. Placing an advanced airway C. Assisting ventilations D. Immobilizing the spine

Placing the patient in a position to maintain airway patency

A​ 78-year-old male pedestrian was struck by a car at a convenience store. The patient is conscious but confused and is suffering from multisystem trauma. Which one of the following represents the BEST sequence of care that can be​ provided? A. Primary​ assessment, oxygen, secondary​ assessment, cervical​ collar, and all other care en route to the hospital B. Primary​ assessment, immobilization, and all other care en route to the hospital C. Primary​ assessment, oxygen, secondary​ assessment, and all other care en route to the hospital D. Primary​ assessment, oxygen, secondary​ assessment, proper patient packaging and all other care en route to the hospital

Primary​ assessment, oxygen, secondary​ assessment, proper patient packaging and all other care en route to the hospital

The trauma care you provide to a patient​ includes: A. selecting the best method of transporting the patient to that facility. B. communicating with the receiving facility as early as possible so that the necessary personnel can prepare for the​ patient's arrival. C. selecting the best hospital destination for the​ patient's circumstances. D. all of the above.

all of the above

With a patient who exhibits inadequate​ ventilations, the cause could​ include: A. traumatic brain injury. B. injuries of the chest wall or lungs. C. spinal cord injury. D. all of the above.

all of the above

After being assaulted by her​ boyfriend, an​ 18-year-old woman who is 33 weeks pregnant is found unresponsive in her bedroom. She appears to have been beaten in the head and abdomen as evidenced by multiple hematomas and lacerations to these areas. Which assessment finding should concern the AEMT most and be addressed​ FIRST? A. Abdominal contusions B. Rapid heart rate C. Room air SpO2 at 93 percent D. Vaginal bleeding

Room air SpO2 at 93 percent

Which of the following BEST demonstrates adequate breathing in the trauma​ patient? A. Spontaneous breathing B. Increased ventilatory rate C. SpO2 of 95 percent D. Tripod position

SpO2 of 95 percent

Which of the following is a trauma triage criterion indicating the need for immediate transport of an adult trauma patient to a trauma​ center? A. Two or more proximal​ long-bone fractures B. ​Full-thickness burns to five percent of the total body surface area C. A fall from a distance 1.5 times the​ patient's height D. Penetrating trauma to the distal extremities

Two or more proximal​ long-bone fractures

Which of the following physical assessment findings would make your patient a candidate for rapid transport to a trauma​ center? A. Pulse rate of 110 B. Systolic blood pressure of 100 C. Unstable pelvic girdle D. Respiratory rate of 24

Unstable pelvic girdle

Which of the following physical assessment findings would constitute transportation to a Level I trauma​ center? A. GCS of 14 B. Respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute C. Unstable pelvis D. Heart rate of 100 beats per minute

Unstable pelvis

A​ 62-year-old woman with severe kyphosis has fallen and hit her​ head, which is oozing blood. Family members state that she suddenly complained of a​ "very bad​ headache" before collapsing to the kitchen floor. She has snoring respirations and appears cyanotic in the extremities. Of the following​ interventions, which one should you do​ FIRST? A. Apply a cervical collar. B. Cover the laceration. C. Use a​ jaw-thrust maneuver. D. Start positive pressure ventilation.

Use a​ jaw-thrust maneuver.

A mechanism of injury that can lead to multisystem trauma​ includes: A. motorcycle and rider separation in an MVC. B. multiple penetrating trauma injuries​ (especially to the​ head, neck, and​ torso). C. motor vehicle crash impact at greater than 40 mph. D. all of the above

all of the above

Adequate cellular perfusion means that the patient must​ have: A. adequate mass of red blood cells. B. adequate cardiac output and blood pressure. C. adequate blood volume. D. all of the above.

all of the above

Patients with which​ life-threatening condition are considered​ critical? A. Dyspnea B. Suspected pneumothorax C. Flail chest D. All of the above

all of the above

Patients who are in shock are susceptible to hypothermia due to significant blood loss​ because: A. if the environment is​ warm, the rate of heat loss is accelerated. B. hypothermia increases the effectiveness of the​ body's blood clotting mechanisms. C. improved cellular energy production prevents the patient from increasing body temperature through metabolism. D. blood carries body heat with it when it leaves the body.

blood carries body heat with it when it leaves the body.

You are dispatched to an auto collision. Because of very heavy​ traffic, your response time is 25 minutes. The closest hospital is 40 miles from the accident site. You​ should: A. have state law enforcement stop traffic while you transport. B. request that law enforcement escort you to a hospital. C. request additional ground units. D. call for air transport.

call for air transport

Once hemorrhage is​ controlled, intravenous fluids can​ __________. A. replace red blood cells B. replace proteins needed for oncotic pressure C. replace platelets D. play a role in restoring vascular volume

play a role in restoring vascular volume

According to the​ CDC's field triage decision​ scheme, the first​ element(s) assessed​ is/are the: A. mechanism of injury. B. vital signs. C. special patient considerations. D. anatomy of injury.

vital signs.

When providing fluid resuscitation in the prehospital setting on a trauma​ patient, ideally what gauge catheter should you​ select? A. ​18- or​ 20-gauge B. ​14- or​ 16-gauge C. ​22- or 24 gauge D. ​25- or 27 gauge

​14- or​ 16-gauge