CH. 5 Nutrition

The end of a fatty acid chain containing a methyl group is also referred to as the _______ end. acid omega delta alpha

Omega

Which of the following most accurately describes the chemical structure of a fatty acid? a three carbon molecule bound to nitrogen a multiple ring structure with a sugar group attached a chain of carbon atoms linked together by chemical bonds. a carbon chain bound to a phosphate group

a chain of carbon atoms linked together by chemical bonds

High levels of HDL in the blood are associated with: a reduced risk of heart disease increased risk of breast and prostate cancer increased risk of colon cancer improved immune function

a reduced risk of heart disease

Hormone sensitive lipase: is needed for phosphoglyceride digestion is required for lipid digestion by cells lining blood vessels is needed to deposit fatty acids into adipose tissue All of the above is activated during periods of fasting

is activated during periods of fasting

Trans fatty acids are most abundant in foods that contain: partially hydrogenated oils animal products omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids tropical oils

partially hydrogenated oils

Dietary sources of cholesterol include all of the following EXCEPT: meat peanut butter fish eggs

peanut butter

Which of the following is used to make the lipid bilayer found in cell membranes in the body? trans fatty acids eicosanoids phospholipids saturated fatty acids

phospholipids

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are examples of: saturated fatty acids hydrogenated fats polyunsaturated fatty acids phospholipdis

polyunsaturated fatty acids

A fatty acid with only single bonds between carbon atoms is called a(n) _________ fatty acid. saturated unsaturated hydrophilic hydrophobic

saturated

Immune cells within the lining of blood vessels have ______________ receptors, which mediate the uptake of oxidized LDL cholesterol. LDL insulin scavenger foam

scavenger

Cholesterol is an example of a(n): essential nutrient phospholipid trans fatty acid sterol

sterol

Chylomicrons are formed in the: lymph liver blood intestine

intestine

Reverse cholesterol transport is accomplished by: VLDLs HDLs chylomicrons LDLs

HDLs

Which of the following is required for cells to take up low-density lipoproteins LDL receptors insulin homocysteine lipoprotein lipase

LDL receptors

When needed for a source of energy, fatty acids are broken down into: chylomicrons glucose pyruvate acetyl CoA

acetyl CoA

Chylomicrons: are formed by the intestinal mucosal cell transport lipids from the food we eat into the body are absorbed into the lymphatic system all of the above

all of the above

Eicosanoids are: synthesized from omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids hormone-like compounds all of these statements are true needed to regulate important body processes

all of these statements are true

___________ can help fat and water mix by breaking large fat globules into smaller ones. pancreatic lipase cholesterol bile eicosanoids

bile

Bile, Vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from: cholesterol essential fatty acids phospholipids trans fatty acids

cholesterol

Essential fatty acids can be used by the body to synthesize: cholesterol vitamin D eicosanoids phosphoglycerides

eicosanoids

__________ fatty acids are not synthesized by the body. essential short chain saturated nonessential

essential

Most fatty acids in food and in the body are bound to a molecule called: lecithin cholesterol phospholipids glycerol

glycerol

The primary function of lipoprotein lipase is to: convert cis fatty acids into trans fatty acids transport lipids help clear triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins in the blood convert nonessential fatty acids into essential fatty acids

help clear triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins in the blood

When energy is ingested in excess of needs, the excess: is converted into triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue is metabolized by the muscles and stored as ATP is converted into cholesterol and stored in the liver is lost as heat

is converted into triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue

_________________ promotes the uptake of fatty acids and glycerol by cells to be used as fuel for storage. pancreatic lipase glycerase lipoprotein lipase lingual lipase

lipoprotein lipase

Which of the following organs is able to manufacture cholesterol? all of these organs manufacture cholesterol pancrease liver gallbladder

liver

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol? very-low density lipoproteins high-density lipoproteins chylomicrons low-density lipoproteins

low-density lipoproteins

Which of the following is formed in the LUMEN of the small intestine during lipid digestion? LDL particles micelles cis fatty acids chylomicrons

micelles

A dietary approach that protects against heart disease is the consumption of foods high in: all of these provide protection against heart disease omega-3 fatty acids long chain fatty acids omega-6 fatty acids

omega-3 fatty acids

Which of the following is characteristic of atherosclerosis? oxidation of LDL particles production of chylomicrons by cells lining the blood vessels high HDL levels inflammation of the lining of the colon

oxidation of LDL particles

Which organ produces the lipase enzyme that accomplishes the bulk of lipid digestion? liver mouth pancreas stomach

pancreas

The physical characteristics, texture and taste of fatty acids are determined by: the number of fatty acid chains bound to each glycerol molecule the number of acid groups the length of fatty acid chain and the types of bonds between the carbon atoms the extent of digestion in the body

the length of fatty acid chain and the types of bonds between the carbon atoms

Fatty acids are categorized based on the carbon chain length as well as: the types and locations of bonds between the carbons the number of sulfer-containing groups the number of acid groups in the fatty acid chain their solubility in water

the types and locations of bonds between the carbons

The function of bile in triglyceride digestion is: to hydrolyze (split) the bond that attaches fatty acids to glycerol to facilitate the formation of chylomicrons to bind and transport lipids into the blood to break fat into small globules

to break fat into small globules

If you were to analyze the composition of adipose tissue, you would likely find an abundance of: micelles triglycerides cholesterol eicosanoids

triglycerides

Phospholipids consist of glycerol with _____________ attached. three fatty acids two fatty acids and a phosphate group three amino acids two fatty acids and lecithin

two fatty acids and a phosphate group