Ch. 5 Sociology

In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels charged that the capitalist system reduces workers to a mere "appendage of the machine", which leads to extreme

Alienation

Which of the following would be an example of a negative consequence of bureaucratization?

All of these

Which of these comments about bureaucracy is correct?

All of these

A three-dimensional model, two-dimensional icon, or constructed personality provided by an internet site is referred to as an

Avatar

A primary group is a small group that is

Characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation.

Which functionalist theorist views the transition from industrial to postindustrial societies as a positive development because he sees the general decline in organized working-class groups and a rise in interest groups concerned with such national issues as health, education, and the environment?

Daniel Bell

Which of the following statements about social networks is true?

Even network connections that are weak may be useful.

Which sociological perspective emphasizes that social roles contribute to society's stability by enabling members to anticipate the behavior of others and to pattern their own actions accordingly?

Functionalist perspective

Ferdinand Tonnies would view hunting-and-gathering societies as examples of a

Gemeinschraft

A(an)____is any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who regularly and consciously interact.

Group

You walk into your women's class, and you look at the person sitting to your left. He is the only male in the class; he is about 20 years old, wears a wedding ring, and carries a bag with a tennis racket. Which of his characteristics is most likely his master status in the context of this class?

His gender

A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services is called an

Industrial society

Mitchell Duneier's work regarding social networks operates from which sociological perspective?

Interactionist perspective

Which of the following does Marx and conflict theorists believe is weakened by restricting workers to very small tasks?

Job secruity

Which sociological emphasized the basic similarity of structure and process found in the otherwise dissimilar enterprises of religion, government, education, and business?

Max Weber

Which of the following is an achieved status?

Occupation

Which psychologist is widely known for his mock-prison experiment involving college students in order to study social structure and social interaction?

Philip Zimbardo

Which type of group plays a pivotal role in the socialization process and the development of roles and statuses?

Primary groups

The patriotic behavior of U.S. citizens on January 20, 2009 to witness the Inauguration of President Barack Obama is a testament to the importance of

Providing and maintaining a sense of purpose

Which of the following is an example of social interaction?

Sally and Veronica, a lesbian couple, argue about a new piece of gay-rights legislation.

Sociological research that maps sexual relationships among high school students is an example of research on

Social networks

Which term is used by sociologists to refer to a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status?

Social role

The notion that every employee within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence is referred to as

The Peter Principle

The tendency of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems is known as

Trained incapacity

Which of the following is true of obesity in regards to social ties?

Weight gain in one person is often related to weight gain of that person's friends and family.