Ch. 5: The Skeletal System Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

A chamber within a bone, normally filled with air, is a(n) ________. a. condyle b. ramus c. sulcus d. sinus e. fissure

d. sinus

The two types of osseous tissue are ________. a. trabecular and osteoclastic bones b. Haversian and lamellar bones c. spicular and trabecular bones d. spongy and compact bones e. None of the answers are correct.

d. spongy and compact bones

Processes that form where tendons or ligaments attach to a bone include ________. a. fossae, sulci, and foramina b. rami c. canals and fissures d. trochanters, tuberosities, and tubercles e. condyles and trochleae

d. trochanters, tuberosities, and tubercles

A prominent ridge on a bone is called a(n) ________. a. meatus b. facet c. condyle d. trochlea e. crest

e. crest

An elongated cleft is a(n) ________. a. antrum b. meatus c. foramen d. canal e. fissure

e. fissure

The degenerative effects of osteoporosis are most likely to affect ________. a. children b. young, active women c. older men d. young, active men e. older women

e. older woman

Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony spicules arranged into parallel struts or thick, branching plates called ________. a. canaliculi b. osteons c. lamellae d. perforating canals e. trabeculae

e. trabeculae

If a bone were to lose calcium but retain its level of collagen, how would the bone be affected? a. The bone would become more flexible but less strong. b. The bone would become harder and stronger but less flexible. c. The bone would not be affected at all. d. The bone would be able to withstand more compression but would be less able to bend or flex.

a. The bone would become more flexible but less strong.

The epiphyseal cartilage connects to the diaphysis by a narrow zone called the ________. a. metaphysis b. endosteum c. periosteum d. medulla e. lacuna

a. metaphysis

The central canals connect the lacunae to one another. a. True b. False

b. False (canaliculi)

The diaphysis is the region at each end of a long bone. a. True b. False

b. False (epiphysis: at end; diaphysis: at middle)

Flat bones have a diaphysis, two metaphyses, two epiphyses, and a medullary cavity. a. True b. False

b. False (long)

The lacuna contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts. a. True b. False

b. False (osteocytes)

If a long bone that was found at an archeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate? a. The person had many injuries. b. The person was not mature. c. The person was elderly. d. The person was a male. e. None of the answers are correct.

b. The person was not mature.

The shaft of a long bone is known as the __________. a. metaphysis b. diaphysis c. articular cartilage d. epiphysis

b. diaphysis

A small, flat articular surface is a ________. a. spine b. facet c. sulcus d. line e. trochlea

b. facet

Which of the following terms refers to a rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves? a. sinus b. foramen c. trochanter d. facet

b. foramen

The expanded articular end of an epiphysis, separated from the shaft by a narrower neck, is a(n) ________. a. tubercle b. head c. fossa d. neck e. fissure

b. head

Which of the following bones is formed by intramembranous ossification? a. phalanges b. mandible c. femur d. carpals

b. mandible

An extension of a bone that is set at an angle to the rest of the bone is usually called a ________. a. fossa b. ramus c. condyle d. sulcus e. meatus

b. ramus

Which of the following is a classification of bone shape? a. triangular b. sesamoid c. indefinite d. round e. square

b. sesamoid

A smooth, grooved articular process, shaped like a pulley, is a(n) ________. a. trochanter b.trochlea c. crest d. line e. spine

b. trochlea

How do hormones regulate the pattern of bone growth? a. They regulate the deposition of calcium and phosphate salts in the bone matrix. b. They control the rate of movement of the epiphyseal line. c. They change the rates of osteoblast and osteoclast activity. d. They don't; hormones are not involved in bone growth processes. e. None of the answers are correct.

c. They change the rates of osteoblast and osteoclast activity.

The simultaneous process of adding new bone and removing previously formed bone is called ________. a. intramembranous ossification b. endochondral ossification c. bone remodeling d. internal callus formation e. osteomalacia

c. bone remodeling

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following? a. neural tissue b. epithelial tissue c. connective tissue d. muscle tissue e. None of the answers are correct.

c. connective tissue

Blood vessels that supply the ends of long bones are called ________ vessels. a. periosteal b. endosteal c. epiphyseal d. endochondral e. metaphyseal

c. epiphyseal

While taking an anatomy practical, Joey looks at an x-ray film of the hand and sees epiphyseal lines. He can correctly say that the x-ray film is from an individual who __________. a. had not entered puberty b. was a male c. had metacarpals and phalanges that weren't going to grow any longer d. had suffered a broken wrist

c. had metacarpals and phalanges that weren't going to grow any longer

Which of the following is an example of an irregular bone? a. occipital bone of the skull b. fibula c. maxilla bone of the face d. tarsal bones

c. maxilla bone of the face

The vessels supplying blood to the inner (diaphyseal) surface of each epiphyseal plate, where bone is replacing cartilage, are called ________ vessels. a. endosteal b. epiphyseal c. metaphyseal d. periosteal e. endochondral

c. metaphyseal

In osseous tissue, which of the following is always removing matrix and releasing minerals? a. nerves b. osteocytes c. osteoclasts d. capillaries e. osteons

c. osteoclasts

Which of the following describes a central canal? a. contains a vein b. runs parallel to osteons c. also called Haversian canal d. contains an artery e. All of the answers are correct.

e. All of the terms are correct

________ are struts or plates within spongy bone which assist in withstanding stresses in a specific direction. a. Perforating canals b. Trabeculae c. Lamellae d. Central canals e. Lacunae

b. Trabeculae

A bone cell that secretes the organic components of bone matrix is ________. a. an osteocyte b. an osteoblast c. located in a lacuna d. stimulated by activity of the thyroid gland e. an osteoclast

b. an osteoblast

Which of the following describes how bones are innervated? a. The periosteum, endosteum, medullary cavity, and epiphyses b. are innervated by sensory nerves. b. Bones are not innervated. c. Only the periosteum is innervated. d. Only the endosteum, marrow cavity, and epiphyses are innervated. e. The periosteum and endosteum are innervated by motor nerves.

a. The periosteum, endosteum, medullary cavity, and epiphyses b. are innervated by sensory nerves.

Periosteum covers the outer surface of a bone. a. True b. False

a. True

A ________ is a smooth rounded articular process. a. condyle b. meatus c. ramus d. sulcus e. spine

a. condyle

An example of a pneumatized bone is the ________. a. ethmoid bone b. parietal bone c. mandible d. vertebra e. femur

a. ethmoid bone

Which of the following is most likely to have a nerve pass through it? a. foramen b. condyle c. ramus d. process e. fossa

a. foramen

Mature bone cells that maintain and monitor the protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix are called ________. a. osteocytes b. osteoclasts c. osteoplasts d. osteoblasts e. chondrocytes

a. osteocytes

Which of the following bones would you classify as a sesamoid (seed-shaped) bone? a. patella (kneecap) b. rib c. vertebral bone (backbone) d. femur (thigh bone)

a. patella (kneecap)

The function of an osteoclast in osseous tissue is ________. a. to dissolve old bone matrix and release amino acids and the stored calcium and phosphate b. to produce new bone matrix c. to produce new osteoblasts d. to secrete the organic components of the matrix e. None of the answers are correct.

a. to dissolve old bone matrix and release amino acids and the stored calcium and phosphate

Which of the following is a special characteristic of spongy bone? a. trabecula b. lacuna c. medullary cavity d. central canal e. canaliculus

a. trabecula

The periosteum ________. a. consists of an inner fibrous layer of dense fibrous connective tissue b. covers articular cartilage c. covers the outside of bones d. lines the medullary cavity e. is vital in blood cell formation

c. covers the outside of bones

Which type of cell divides to produce daughter cells that can differentiate readily after a bone is cracked or broken? a. osteocyte b. osteoblast c. osteoprogenitor cell d. red marrow cell e. osteoclast

c. osteoprogenitor cells.

Which of the following is an example of an irregular bone? a. ulna b. humerus c. vertebra d. patella e. carpal bone

c. vertebra

In addition to osseous tissue, a typical bone contains ________. a. neural tissues b. smooth muscle tissues (in blood vessel walls) c. other connective tissues d. All of the answers are correct. e. None of the answers are correct.

d. All of the answers are correct

How do the functions of the osteoclasts and osteoblasts differ? a. Osteoclasts mature and become osteocytes, whereas osteoblasts become osteoprogenitor cells. b. Osteoblasts are found in the medullary canal, whereas osteoclasts are found in the periosteum. c. Osteoclasts deposit bone matrix into bones, whereas osteoblasts dissolve bone matrix. d. Osteoclasts dissolve bone matrix, whereas osteoblasts deposit bone matrix into the bones.

d. Osteoclasts dissolve bone matrix, whereas osteoblasts deposit bone matrix into the bones.

Increased levels of calcium in the blood of a pregnant woman would stimulate the secretion of ________, which would increase calcium loss in the urine. a. growth hormone b. calcitriol c. parathyroid hormone d. calcitonin e. thyroid hormone

d. calcitonin

Because they resist stretch, the ________ fibers provide the tensile strength of bone. a. calcium hydroxide b. calcium phosphate c. sodium phosphate d. collagen e. hydroxyapatite

d. collagen

The walls of bones are composed of ________. a. trabecular bone b. cancellous bone c. spicules d. compact bone e. spongy bone

d. compact bone

The scapula is an example of what type of bone? a. irregular b. sutural c. long d. flat e. short

d. flat

A shallow depression on the surface of a bone is called a ________. a. foramen b. tuberosity c. tubercle d. fossa e. trochanter

d. fossa

When a baby's bones are forming in the womb, long bones such as the femur of the leg start out as what kind of tissue? a. adipose b. lymph c. elastic cartilage d. hyaline cartilage

d. hyaline cartilage

Endochondral ossification begins with ________. a. fibrocartilage. b. articular cartilage. c. elastic cartilage. d. hyaline cartilage. e. None of the answers are correct.

d. hyaline cartilage.

Roofing bones of the skull form via ________ ossification. a. symphyseal b. synovial c. intrachondral d. intramembranous e. endochondral

d. intramembranous

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? a. protection of the brain and spinal cord b. leverage for body movements c. production of red and white blood cells d. production of melanin

d. production of melanin

Which is a major function of the skeletal system? a. maintenance of interstitial fluid composition b. storage of glucose c. production of ATP d. support of the body e. None of the answers are correct.

d. support of the body

Small, flat, oddly shaped bones that develop between the flat bones of the skull are called ________. a. pneumatized bones b. sesamoid bones c. flat bones d. sutural bones e. endochondral bones

d. sutural bones

During endochondral bone formation, ________. a. capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into the heart of the cartilage b. cells of the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts c. the matrix of the cartilage model becomes calcified d. osteoclasts erode the center of the new bone to form a marrow cavity e. All of the answers are correct.

e. All of the answers are correct.