CH 5 - Tissues

"Cutaneous membrane" refers to ________. A) skin B) bones C) cartilage D) mucus

A

A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it A) consists of cells within extracellular material. B) has no blood supply. C) covers the outside of organs. D) lines organs.

A

A researcher genetically modifies an organism so it is paralyzed because its motor neurons can send signals to muscles, but none of the motor neurons can receive signals sent from the brain through other neurons. What is wrong with these motor neurons? A) The motor neurons lack dendrites. B) The motor neurons lack axons. C) The motor neurons cannot reach the muscles. D) The other neurons lack nuclei.

A

A serous membrane consists of a A) layer of simple squamous epithelium and a thin layer of areolar tissue. B) layer of pseudostratified epithelium and a thick layer of areolar tissue. C) layer of simple squamous epithelium and a thick layer of dense connective tissue. D) layer of simple squamous epithelium and a thick layer of cartilage.

A

Epithelial tissue functions in A) secretion, absorption, and protection. B) contraction, movement, and reflexes. C) reacting to stimuli, thinking, and remembering. D) nourishing and hydrating tissues.

A

Extracellular matrix consists of A) ground substance and protein fibers. B) fixed cells and wandering cells. C) heparin and keratin. D) lacunae and lamellae.

A

Knowing the structure of the neuron, when a signal travels from a motor neuron to a skeletal muscle, the nerve signal must travel from A) the dendrites of the motor neuron down the axon, and then from the axon of the neuron to the muscle. B) the neuroglia of the motor neuron down the axon, and then from the axon of the neuron to the muscle. C) the axon of the motor neuron down to the dendrites, and then from the dendrites of the neuron to the muscle. D) the axon of the motor neuron down to the neuroglia, and then from the neuroglia to the dendrites of the muscle.

A

The epidermis (outer layer of the skin) needs to be tough and resistant to shearing and stretching. The type of intercellular junction best suited for this need is a(n) ________. A) desmosome B) gap junction C) tight junction D) ion channel

A

The pyloric glands of the stomach release hydrochloric acid and other digestive juices during digestion. These glands have very short ducts and the tubes are branched. These glands are ________. A) simple branched tubular B) simple coiled tubular C) simple branched alveolar D) unicellular

A

What do intercellular junctions connect? A) Cell membranes B) Cell nuclei C) Blood cells D) Microtubules

A

Which of the following is not true about the extracellular matrix? A) It is the same in all tissues. B) In epithelium it consists of a basement membrane and interstitial matrix. C) In many body parts it includes various glycoproteins. D) It may include integrins.

A

A human embryo develops with a mutation that prevents smooth muscle from developing in the body. Which bodily functions will be most heavily affected by this mutation if it survives to birth? A) Heart functions B) Digestive system functions C) Muscular movement D) Bone functions

B

A mutation occurs that prevents the formation of intercalated disks. Which of the following muscular structures will be directly affected? A) The legs B) The heart C) The stomach and intestines D) The tongue

B

A(n) ________ gland branches repeatedly before reaching the glandular cells or secretory part. A) simple B) compound C) tubular D) alveolar

B

Areolar tissue contains A) many adipocytes filled with fat. B) collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and gel-like ground substance. C) chondrocytes and lacunae. D) osteocytes, osteoblasts, and canaliculi.

B

Bone cells form concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called A) osteons. B) central canals. C) lacunae. D) canaliculi.

B

Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow in healing following an injury because A) chondrocytes cannot divide. B) chondrocytes do not have direct blood supplies. C) the intercellular material is semisolid. D) cartilage cells are immersed in fluids.

B

Elastic connective tissue forms ________. A) bones B) branching networks or parallel strands C) cartilage D) ligaments and tendons

B

Epithelial membranes are typically composed of A) connective tissue and underlying muscle tissue. B) epithelium and underlying connective tissue. C) connective tissue and underlying epithelium. D) epithelium and underlying muscle tissue.

B

The muscle tissue that can be consciously controlled is A) smooth muscle tissue. B) skeletal muscle tissue. C) intestinal muscle tissue. D) cardiac muscle tissue.

B

The skin is composed of an outer layer of epithelial tissue, the epidermis, and an inner layer of connective tissue, the dermis. Between the lowest layer of the epidermis and the top layer of the dermis lies an anchor layer called the ________. A) serous membrane B) basement membrane C) simple cuboidal epithelium D) synovial membrane

B

The smooth muscle cells of the digestive tract need to send electrical signals between each other to contract in unison. The type of intercellular junction best suited for this need is ________. A) a desmosome B) a gap junction C) a tight junction D) found in the blood-brain barrier

B

The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and many of the urinary passageways is A) cuboidal. B) transitional. C) pseudostratified. D) columnar.

B

The type of muscle tissue in blood vessels is A) cardiac muscle tissue. B) smooth muscle tissue. C) skeletal muscle tissue. D) voluntary muscle tissue.

B

Which of the following best describes a characteristic of nervous tissue? A) It provides cushioning and protection from shearing forces. B) Some of its cells send electrochemical messages. C) Its intercellular space is filled with collagen. D) It contracts to perform movements.

B

Which type of tissue lines the follicles of the thyroid glands? A) Simple squamous epithelium B) Simple cuboidal epithelium C) Stratified cuboidal epithelium D) Glandular epithelium

B

Cardiac muscle is found in the wall of the A) stomach. B) intestine. C) heart. D) blood vessels.

C

Cells that reside in a specific connective tissue type for an extended period of time are called A) wandering cells. B) transitional cells. C) fixed cells. D) stem cells.

C

Embryonic stem cells growing in a lab dish are bathed in a "cocktail" of chemicals that cause them to specialize into branching networks of single-nucleated cells that pulsate in unison. This tissue is most likely A) smooth muscle. B) skeletal muscle. C) cardiac muscle. D) epithelial tissue

C

Involuntary muscle tissues are A) smooth muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue. B) cardiac muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue. C) smooth muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue. D) smooth muscle tissue, skeletal muscle tissue, and cardiac muscle tissue.

C

Mutations usually disrupt collagen's function because A) there are many types of collagen and this protein is widespread in the body. B) collagen has a variable structure. C) collagen has a very precise structure. D) collagen is used as a cosmetic.

C

Smooth muscle is found in the wall of the A) heart. B) bone. C) stomach. D) liver.

C

Spicy foods irritate the membrane of your mouth, which triggers goblet cells to produce a protective layer of a thick substance called mucus. What membrane must be lining the mouth? A) Serous membrane B) Synovial membrane C) Mucus membrane D) Cutaneous membrane

C

The membranes of the blood-brain barrier need to be fused, preventing any substances from entering and/or escaping between cells. The type of intercellular junction best suited for this need is a ________. A) desmosome B) gap junction C) tight junction D) ion channel

C

The merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine secretions differ in the A) locations of the glands that produce them. B) number of cells that secrete. C) amount of cytoplasm secreted along with the glandular product. D) amount of glycoprotein secreted with the glandular product.

C

The tissue that forms the inner lining of the respiratory passages is A) mucus-secreting and transitional. B) stratified, sputum-secreting, and non-ciliated. C) mucus-secreting, ciliated, and pseudostratified. D) serous fluid-secreting, simple, and columnar.

C

What type of cell produces connective tissue fibers? A) Macrophages B) Mast cells C) Fibroblasts D) Osteoclasts

C

What type of muscle cell(s) have more than one nucleus? A) Smooth muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells B) Cardiac muscle cells and smooth muscle cells C) Skeletal muscle cells only D) Smooth muscle cells only

C

Which of the following is not one of the four basic types of body tissues? A) Epithelial tissue B) Connective tissue C) Eye tissue D) Muscle tissue

C) Eye tissue

Which of the following characteristics is used to name tissue types? A) Location of cells in the body B) Number of inclusions C) Organization of cells D) Number of mitochondria

C) Organization of cells

A ________ membrane lines tubes and cavities that open to the outside of the body. A) serous B) cutaneous C) synovial D) mucous

D

Functions of neuroglia include which of the following? A) They guide neurons to muscles, then pass neurotransmitters to the muscle cells. B) They serve as glue and scaffolding for neurons but have no physiological role. C) They sense changes in the environment and respond by sending electrical impulses. D) They support and bind nervous tissue and provide nutrients and growth factors to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels.

D

Histology is the study of A) organ function. B) molecules. C) cells. D) tissues.

D

Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of A) dense irregular tissue. B) reticular connective tissue. C) muscle tissue. D) dense regular connective tissue.

D

The greater omentum is a structure that exists in the abdomen and hangs over the digestive tract, behind the abdominal muscles. A cross section viewed under a microscope reveals that it contains a connective tissue composed of large cells, or droplets. The cell walls are very thin and there is no collagen. The tissue looks like it might be good for cushioning. What type of connective tissue is this? A) Areolar tissue B) Dense regular connective tissue C) Elastic connective tissue D) Adipose tissue

D

The pituitary gland is a structure in the brain that secretes hormones into the bloodstream. What epithelium lines this structure and produces the secretion? A) Simple squamous epithelium B) Transitional epithelium C) Stratified cuboidal epithelium D) Glandular epithelium

D

What type of tissue is adipose tissue? A) Epithelia tisuse B) Muscle tissue C) Nervous tissue D) Connective tissue

D

Which of the following structures would be affected the most by a deficiency in collagen? A) The liver and spleen B) The epidermis of the skin C) The lining of the small intestine D) The bones

D

Which of the following are cellular fragments? A) Red blood cells B) White blood cells C) Lymphocytes D) Blood platelets

D) Blood platelets

A structure that "spot welds" skin cells is a(n) ________.

Desmosome

The four tissue types are muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, and ________ tissue.

Epithelial

The tissue that covers all body surfaces is ________ tissue.

Epithelial

All tissue types are tightly packed, built of cells attached by intercellular junctions. T/F?

False

Blood isn't a connective tissue because it wander around the body and is never in a fixed location. T/F?

False

Histology is the study of the history of anatomy and physiology. T/F?

False

Muscle tissue conducts electrical impulses from one neuron to another and coordinates body activities. T/F

False

Osteocytes release histamine and heparin. T/F?

False

Peristalsis is the involuntary contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the digestive tract that assist in moving food and waste through. The muscles controlling peristalsis must be skeletal muscle. T/F?

False

Researchers bred a generation of rats that were sterile. When investigating the root of this change, they noticed that the sterility came from the inner tissues of the uterine tubes missing their normal cilia, which guide the egg into the uterus. The tissue that was hindered was simple squamous epithelium. T/F

False

Smooth muscle tissue actions are voluntary. T/F?

False

The soft part of the nose and the supporting rings of the respiratory passages are composed of fibrocartilage. T/F

False

The tissue that forms the outermost layer of the skin is a type of connective tissue. T/F?

False

The wall of the heart is made up of three layers, including the middle layer responsible for the heart's pumping action. These layers are all the same tissue type, epithelium. T/F?

False

The lubricating secretions of the walls of the thoracic cavity and the outsides of the lungs come from goblet cells. T/F?

Falsw

The intervertebral discs that separate parts of the backbone are composed of ________.

Fibrocartilage

Sebaceous glands secrete a substance called sebum, which coats the skin and protects it from water. The glands secrete this substance as the cells lining the inside rupture and release their contents, along with the disintegrated cell. Sebaceous glands are ________ glands.

Holocrine

Cells within a tissue are joined together by ________.

Intercellular junctions

Cartilage cells occupy small chambers called ________.

Lacunae

The ________ ________ ________ function to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body.

Red blood cells

The inner linings of most organs of the digestive system are composed of ________.

Simple columnar epithelium

A single layer of flattened epithelium forms a tissue called ________.

Simple squamous epithelium

A Schwann cell is a structure that is attached to a neuron and is crucial to its function. It assists in the neuron's function by speeding up the rate of signal transduction. Schwann cells are neuroglia. T/F?

True

A mucus-secreting goblet cell is a unicellular gland. T/F?

True

A skeletal muscle fiber contains many nuclei. T/F?

True

A synovial membrane is entirely connective tissue. T/F

True

A tissue's function is to direct flow of a substance to an organ without losing any of the substance or letting any other substances contact it. Tight junctions are most likely to be found between the cells of this tissue. T/F?

True

Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in a fluid extracellular matrix called plasma. T/F?

True

Bone cells (osteocytes) are in concentric circles around central canals. T/F?

True

Cardiac muscle can function without nervous stimulation but skeletal muscle cannot. T/F

True

Osteoblasts become osteocytes. T/F?

True

Serous and mucous membranes consist of epithelial and connective tissues. T/F?

True

Sickle cell anemia is a disease that causes red blood cells to become crescent-shaped and become lodged in capillaries. This disease directly affects a connective tissue. T/F?

True

The parotid gland produces serous fluids (saliva) and dumps them into the nearby oral cavity. This makes the parotid gland an exocrine gland. T/F?

True

The vocal cords work via constant movement during sound production, requiring the ability to be resilient and springy, stretching and moving without losing their shape. Knowing this, the vocal cords must be rich in elastin. T/F?

True

Tissues are groups of cells that have a common overall function, yet are distinctive in their characteristic cell types and the molecules that the cells produce. T/F?

True

Usually epithelial tissues do not have blood vessels. T/F?

True

White blood cells may become macrophages. T/F?

True

You are examining a sample of epithelial tissue. The tissue itself is from an area where the cells form multiple stacked layers. The cells rapidly divide and push older ones away from the basement membrane and up toward the free surface, similarly to skin. This type of epithelial tissue is called stratified squamous epithelium. T/F?

True

The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is A) stratified squamous epithelium. B) simple squamous epithelium. C) simple cuboidal epithelium. D) simple columnar epithelium.

b. simple squamous epithelium

Muscle tissue that is involuntary and has striations is found in ________ muscle

cardiac

The primary characteristic of muscle tissues is their ability to ________.

contract

The most abundant cells in dense connective tissue are ________.

fibroblasts

The study of tissues is called ________.

histology

The band between cardiac muscle cells is called a(n) ________ ________.

intercalated disc

The lining of the nose consists of ________ membrane.

mucous

Cells of muscle tissue are called ________ ________.

muscle fibers

Cells that support neurons are ________.

neuroglia

The inner lining of the abdomen is a ________ membrane.

serous

Striations, but not intercalated discs, are seen in ________ muscle tissue.

skeletal

Cutaneous membrane is synonymous with ________.

skin