Ch. 54 Pre-lecture assignment

Which of the following geographical regions have the largest fluctuations in yearly temperatures? Northern hemisphere Southern hemisphere Tropical regions

Northern hemisphere

The focus of _________ ecology is to determine the basis of differences in species richness.

community

True or false: Phytoplankton live within coral tissue.

false

A freshwater ______ habitat consists of still, often deep water, such as that in the Everglades National Park in Florida. lotic intertidal lentic river

lentic

The study of the physiological response of an organism to its environment and the impact of the environment on the species distribution is called: community ecology ecosystem ecology population ecology organismal ecology

organismal ecology

Why are temperate deciduous forest biomes favorable for agriculture after clearing? Annual leaf drop promotes high soil nutrient levels. Year-round growth of agricultural crops is possible in this biome. Decomposition of the high diversity of decaying animal species increases nutrient levels.

Annual leaf drop promotes high soil nutrient levels.

All of the following are broad areas of ecology except: Ecosystem Population Community Cellular Organismal

Cellular

Why don't temperatures keep increasing with decreasing latitudes near the equator? The sun's rays are captured in the canopy of the rainforests. There is no increase in the amount of solar radiation that penetrates the atmosphere near the equator. Cloudiness and rain reduce average temperatures.

Cloudiness and rain reduce average temperatures.

How is wind created? Dense hot air rushes in to replace less dense cool air that rises. Less dense hot air rushes in to replace dense cool air that rises. Dense cool air rushes in to replace less dense hot air that rises. Less dense cool air rushes in to replace dense hot air that rises.

Dense cool air rushes in to replace less dense hot air that rises.

Select the human activities that have had an effect on temperate coniferous forests. Deforestation for agriculture Development of natural gas reserves Development of oil reserves Logging Desertification due to grazing

Development of natural gas reserves Development of oil reserves Logging

Select all of the correct descriptions of how temperature affects organisms. High temperatures denature proteins. Some plants require fire for seed germination. Low temperatures can cause coral bleaching. High temperatures can cause cells to burst. Low temperatures freeze many plants.

High temperatures denature proteins. Some plants require fire for seed germination. Low temperatures freeze many plants.

How do human activities affect the temperate rain forest? Humans clear the forest for pasturage of domestic animals. Humans use the forest for wood and supplies. Humans clear the forest for natural gas exploration. Humans clear the forest for oil drilling operations.

Humans use the forest for wood and supplies.

Which of the following statements describe the physical environment of a temperate rain forest? Rainfall is abundant. Occasionally temperatures drop below freezing in the winter. Temperatures are often below freezing. Rainfall is moderate. Water from dense coastal fogs condenses. Temperature often exceeds 400C.

Rainfall is abundant. Occasionally temperatures drop below freezing in the winter. Water from dense coastal fogs condenses.

Which biome is dominated by grasses, and is characterized by plants with well-developed root systems, enabling them to resprout quickly after a fire? Northern taiga Tropical grassland Hot desert

Tropical grassland

Much of the temperate deciduous forest is destroyed because human population used them for: hunting agriculture mining and drilling development

agriculture development

Temperature, wind, precipitation, and light are components of ________, the prevailing weather pattern of a given region.

climate

Match the following biotic life form with its respective biome. dinoflagellate algae photoplankton coral reefs open ocean

dino: coral photo: open ocean

An estimated 30-40% of all species of _________ on Earth are found on coral reefs.

fish

Light can be a limiting resource for plant growth because: it is necessary for activation of enzymes it is necessary for gamete development it is necessary for protein synthesis it is necessary for photosynthesis

it is necessary for photosynthesis

Community ecological studies focus on how: individuals within a species interact with each other. populations of species interact with each other. biomes interact with each other.

populations of species interact with each other.

On the windward side of the mountain warm, moist air flows upward and cools. This increases ______ on the windward side of a mountain. evaporation soil salinity precipitation temperature

precipitation

Compared to rivers, oceans contain considerably more dissolved minerals because: (choose all that apply) the sun evaporates pure water from ocean surfaces oceans continually receive the nutrient-rich waters of rivers more oceanic animals die, decompose and minerals are release in the ocean the more diverse and dense aquatic population of animals excrete more minerals

the sun evaporates pure water from ocean surfaces oceans continually receive the nutrient-rich waters of rivers

________ acts as a solvent for chemical reactions, is the means by which animals eliminate waste, and is used for support in plants.

water

What is a unique about the deep water availability in the tundra biome? Water is locked in permafrost All water tables are liquid Water tables are contaminated with oil

Water is locked in permafrost

At ______ water freezes and is in its ______ dense state. 4o C; most -4o C; least 0o C; least 0o C; most

0o C; least

Tropical regions vary about ______ year round. 4-5o C 0.5-1.0o C 10-20o C 2-3o C

2-3o C

Water is at its most dense at _________ degrees C and becomes less dense as it warms or cools.

4

Select all human activities that affect tropical rain forests. Development of oil reserves Clearing land for cattle Logging land for agriculture

Clearing land for cattle Logging land for agriculture

What biome is found in the dry regions at middle to high latitudes, especially in the interiors of continents and in the rain shadows of mountains? Temperate rain forest Cold desert Hot desert

Cold desert

Which of the following statements about ecology is INCORRECT? Ecology is the study of the interactions between biotic and abiotic aspects of the environment. Ecology is a discipline that is independent of natural selection and evolutionary history. Ecological studies may involve the use of models and computers. Ecologists may study populations and communities of organisms.

Ecology is a discipline that is independent of natural selection and evolutionary history.

Where are cold deserts typically found? In wet regions at middle to high latitudes Around latitudes of 30 degrees north and south In dry regions at middle to high latitudes

In dry regions at middle to high latitudes

What is the biome in which the land meets the sea, and is alternately submerged and exposed by the daily cycle of tides? Intertidal zone Mesopelagic zone Epipelagic zone

Intertidal zone

Select all the characteristics of water that are crucial to living organisms. It aligns spindles during cell division. It takes part in hydrolysis and dehydration reactions. It acts as a solvent for chemical reactions. It is the means by which animals eliminate waste. It is used for support in plants. It is a reactant for cellular respiration. It is part of the hydrostatic skeleton in some invertebrates.

It takes part in hydrolysis and dehydration reactions. It acts as a solvent for chemical reactions. It is the means by which animals eliminate waste. It is used for support in plants. It is part of the hydrostatic skeleton in some invertebrates.

Which of the following habitats consists of still, deep water and has physical characteristics that depend greatly on the surrounding land? Lotic habitat Lentic habitat Open ocean Wetlands

Lentic habitat

Which of the following human activities have had the greatest impact on the tropical rain forests? Exploration and development of oil Exploration and development of natural gas reserves Mining and drilling Logging and agriculture

Logging and agriculture

Which of the following is a main effect of humans on temperate rain forest biomes? Clearing for agriculture Clearing for cattle Logging for wood

Logging for wood

_______ ecology focuses on groups of interbreeding individuals in an attempt to understand factors that determine group size and density. Ecosystem Population Behavioral Physiological

Population

Which of the following statements about the physical environment of tundra is true? Summer temperatures are extremely hot. Abundant precipitation is available for plants. Precipitation often locked up as snow and unavailable for plants.

Precipitation often locked up as snow and unavailable for plants.

Match the hot desert to its location. Sahara Kalahari Simpson Atacama North and South Africa Chile Australia

Sahara: North Africa Kalahari: South Africa Simpson: Australia Atacama: Chile

Which biome is known commonly by its Russian name, taiga, it is found north of the temperate-zone forests and grasslands? Temperate deciduous forest Temperate coniferous forest Tropical coniferous forest Tropical deciduous forest

Temperate coniferous forest

In what biome are you most likely to find animals that hibernate, migrate, or enter into diapause? Temperate rain forest Temperate deciduous forest Tropical deciduous forest

Temperate deciduous forest

Which biome is characterized by abundant rainfall, condensation of water from coastal fog, and cool (but not freezing) temperatures? Temperate rain forest Temperate deciduous forest Tropical rain forest

Temperate rain forest

Select all reasons why there is less heat at high latitudes. The sun's rays hit the Earth obliquely. There is less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The sun's rays travel a greater distance through the atmosphere. The thinner air in the mountains cannot retain the heat.

The sun's rays hit the Earth obliquely. The sun's rays travel a greater distance through the atmosphere.

Since corals are animals, why are they limited to the photic zone? They contain photosynthetic symbiotic algae. They rely on plants for reproduction. Sunlight is necessary for gamete production

They contain photosynthetic symbiotic algae.

A South American biomes that has abundant rainfall (exceeds 230 cm per year), year round hot temperature, hundreds of different tree species is most likely. Temperate deciduous forest Tropical deciduous forest Temperate rain forest Tropical rain forest

Tropical rain forest

This biome is found in equatorial regions, has a very high species diversity, and contains trees with buttress roots to support their shallow root systems. Tropical grasslands Temperate deciduous forest Tropical rain forest

Tropical rain forest

Choose all abiotic factors that limit distribution patterns and abundance of organisms. Water Salinity Wind Pathogens Temperature

Water Salinity Wind Temperature

The main objective of studying population ecology is to understand the factors that affect the behavior of individuals and determine reproductive success. the effect of selection pressure on the genetic makeup of populations. a population's growth and determine its size and density.

a population's growth and determine its size and density.

The three types of pH are:

acidic alkaline neutral

Major types of habitat characterized by distinctive plant and animal life is known as a(n) __________

biome

A large naturally occurring community of animals and plants occupying a major habitat is best defined as a(n) population. domain. biome. ecosystem.

biome.

Interactions among organisms and the living environment are called _________ interactions, and those between organisms and their nonliving environment are termed ________ interactions.

biotic abiotic

Animals in temperate deciduous forest are adapted to its climate. Match the animal to the correct adaptation. birds insects mammals diapuse migration hibernation

birds: migration insects: diapuse mammals: hibernation

Hot _________ are found around latitudes 20-30o north and south.

desert

A ___________ is a community of organisms and its interactions with the physical environment.

ecosystem

The interacting system of a community of organisms and the physical environment in which they live is called: ecosystem competition success

ecosystem

Wetlands generally have ______ nutrients levels and ______ oxygen levels. high; low low; low low; high high; high

high; low

Arrange the following levels of organization in the correct sequence. Start with the least inclusive (i.e., fewest number of organisms) at the top and end with the most inclusive at the bottom. community population individual ecosystem

individual population community ecosystem

The well-aerated, flowing water of _________ habitats prevents nutrient accumulations and phytoplankton blooms.

lotic

The ________ of water can be classified as acidic, alkaline, or neutral.

pH level

Although corals are animals, they are limited to the __________ zone, where light penetrates, because of the presence of photosynthetic algae that inhabit their inner cell layer.

photic

In mountains, when air is blown across the Earth's surface and up over the mountains, it cools as air expands because of: increased pressure reduced pressure

reduced pressure

Marshes, swamps, and bogs, are examples of aquatic biomes called _________

wetlands