ch 6
In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.
It takes 2 ATP to produce 4 ATP.
Which statement describes glycolysis?
This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.
Which statement describes the electron transport chain
This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.
How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?
Two NADH molecules are produced by glycolysis.
What is the name of the process in which pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid?
fermentation
An important end product of cellular respiration is __________.
water
What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy
What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy
carbon dioxide and water
Carbon dioxide and water are by-products of cellular respiration.
Which statement describes the electron transport chain?
This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.
What must pyruvic acid be converted to before it can enter the citric acid cycle?
acetyl CoA
Which of these enters the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?
acetyl CoA
Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?
acetyl CoA
An abundant and continual supply of ATP is necessary for all living cells. Active muscle cells require an extraordinary amount of ATP to permit strenuous exercise for prolonged periods. Toxins, reduced blood flow, and a compromised respiratory system can interfere with the transport of oxygen to active cells. A runner in a marathon faces multiple obstacles to continue to produce sufficient ATP to remain competitive. 1.Breathing faster when we exercise is necessary to expel ________.
carbon dioxide and bring in more oxygen to support aerobic metabolism
The transfer of ____________from one molecule to another is an oxidation-reduction reaction, or redox reaction.
electrons
Which of these equations describes aerobic cellular respiration?
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
Which of the following metabolic pathways is common to both aerobic and anaerobic processes of sugar breakdown?
glycolysis
Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol (cytoplasm) of a eukaryotic cell?
glycolysis
Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?
glycolysis
Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.
glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain
Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration
glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transpor
The proximate (immediate) source of energy for making ATP by oxidative phosphorylation is _____.
kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient
In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.
lactate and NAD+
The main function of cellular respiration is __________.
making ATP to power cell activities
Electron transport takes place in the ______.
mitochondria
NADH delivers electrons to an electron transport chain, which passes the electrons through carrier molecules in a series of redox reactions to the final electron acceptor, _________
oxygen
The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____.
oxygen
Which statement describes glycolysis?
process that splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose
The electron transport chain is a series of electron carrier molecules. Where are these molecules located in eukaryotic cells?
the inner membrane of the mitochondria .
A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from certain skeletal muscle cells. Physicians find that the muscle cells function. Not surprisingly, they also find that ______.
the muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise
The ultimate source of the energy in food is ________.
the sun
NADH and FADH 2 are important in cellular respiration because they deliver high-energy electrons to the electron transport system. Electron transport produces _____ ATP molecule(s) per NADH molecule and _____ ATP molecules(s) perFADH 2 molecule.
three ... two
In electron transport, high-energy electrons "fall" to oxygen through a series of reactions. The energy released is used to ____
transport protons into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria, where they become concentrated. They then flow back out into the the inner compartment (matrix) of the mitochodria. On the way back, protons turn ATP synthase turbines and produce ATP
photosynthesis
Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis
What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?
ATP
Structure A is _____.
ATP synthase
Which part of cellular respiration produces the most NADH?
citric acid cycle
In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain
mitochondrion
In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____.
oxidative phosphorylation
Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to ________.
produce ATP without O2
For each glucose that is broken down by aerobic respiration, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain.
10 .
In the absence of oxygen the net gain of ATP for each glucose molecule during glycolysis is approximately __________
2 ATPs
In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown?
ATP
The energy released from the redox reactions in the electron transport chain is used by the cell to make ______
ATP
Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?
FADH2 FADH2 is a product of the citric acid cycle.
Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?
FADH2 (It is a product of the citric acid cycle.)
mitochondrion
Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration.
In cellular respiration, organic molecules become oxidized as ______ picks up electrons and H+ and becomes reduced to NADH
NAD+
A glucose molecule is completely broken down upon completion of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. However, these two processes yield only a few ATPs. What other energy carrier(s) that can be used to synthesize more ATPS is/are also generated during these processes?
NADH
Which of the following statements is true?
Oxidation is the loss of electrons; reduction is the gain of electrons.
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
Oxygen accepts electrons after they are stripped from glucose.
glucose and oxygen
Photosynthesis produces glucose and releases oxygen into the atmosphere.
Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?
This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion
Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?
This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.
Chemical reactions that require oxygen are called _____ while those that do not require oxygen are considered _____.
aerobic ... anaerobic
Lactic acid build up in muscles is a sign that ________.
insufficient oxygen is reaching the muscles
In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?
mitochondrion
In cellular respiration, glucose becomes ____________ to carbon dioxide (CO2) as it loses electrons (in hydrogen atoms).
oxidized
A process is referred to as aerobic if it requires ________
oxygen
The final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration is ______.
oxygen
A product of glycolysis is ______
pyruvic acid
In cellular respiration, oxygen becomes _________to water (H2O) as it gains electrons (in hydrogen atoms) that came from glucose.
reduced
In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.
substrate-level phosphorylation
In the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle), ATP molecules are produced by
substrate-level phosphorylation
In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____
substrate-level phosphorylation (A phosphate group is transferred from glyceraldehyde phosphate to ADP.)
If you exceed your aerobic capacity during a workout, your muscle cells will __________.
switch to anaerobic respiration and produce lactic acid
Cellular respiration accomplishes two major processes: (1) it breaks glucose down into smaller molecules, and (2) it harvests the chemical energy released and stores it in ATP molecules. By the end of _____, the breakdown of glucose is complete; most ATPmolecules are produced during _____.
the Citric Acid cycle ... electron transport
Which part(s) of cellular respiration take(s) place in the mitochondria?
the Citric Acid cycleand the electron transport chain
The waste products of cellular respiration include ________.
water and carbon dioxide