CH 6 QUiz

which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement? a. Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it. b. Park wants to avoid detention, so he follows the school rules and does not smoke on the playground. c. Ryan observes Cameron getting a time out for spitting out her toast. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his toast. d. Lana wants to receive a candy bar and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she earns enough good behavior tokens.

a.

Which of the following is an example of a variable interval reinforcement schedule? a. Winona checks her cellphone at random times throughout the day instead of every time she hears the voicemail notification b. Viviane plays scratch-off lottery tickets c. Nikita takes her dog for a walk every day at 8 a.m.

a. Winona checks her cellphone at random times throughout the day instead of every time she hears the voicemail notification

Julian watches his grandfather repair watches. As Julian matures he imitates what his grandfather does, and then his grandfather shows him more complicated techniques. Eventually, Julian is as proficient at repairing watches as his grandfather. This exemplifies ________ a. learning b. instinct c. stimulus d. reflex

a. learning

Dymesha watches her older sister do headstands. Dymesha falls over when she attempts to do a headstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she notices that her sister leans backward slightly to complete her headstand. Dymesha is then able to do headstands herself. Which type of learning is this? a. observational b. classical c. conditioning d. operant

a. observational

Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say is called ________ learning. a. observational b. vicarious c. pavlovian d. latent

a. observational

In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior? a. punishment b. extinction c. recovery d. acquistion

a. punishment

In classical conditioning, the ________ is an unlearned reaction to a given stimulus. For example, if you have an allergy to pollen and sneeze, sneezing is an unlearned reaction to the pollen (i.e., the stimulus). a. unconditioned response b. conditioned stimulus c. unconditioned stimulus d. conditioned response

a. unconditioned response

Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this? a. variable interval b. fixed ratio c. fixed interval d. variable ratio

a. variable interval

Identify the major flaw with John B. Watson's Little Albert experiment. a.It is unethical for a researcher to induce fear in a child, since it is harmful to induce fear. b.John B. Watson falsified most of his data. c. Little Albert was much older than John B. Watson reported him to be, which invalidated the study. d. John B. Watson did not have the consent of Little Albert's mother.

a.It is unethical for a researcher to induce fear in a child, since it is harmful to induce fear.

________ is known for using Little Albert in his studies on human emotion a.John B. Watson b.Ivan Pavlov c.Edward Thorndike d.B. F. Skinner

a.John B. Watson

which of the following is an example of operant conditioning? a.when a dog plays dead she gets a treat in order to encourage her to repeat the behavior b.when a dog refuses to play dead c. when a cat learns to drool at the sound of a can opener d.when a cat and a dog share the same water bowl

a.when a dog plays dead she gets a treat in order to encourage her to repeat the behavior

What are innate behaviors that are triggered by a broader range of events, such as aging and the change of seasons? a. operants b. instincts c. reflexes d. conditions

b. institncts

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________.. a. congition b.model c. response d. stimulus

b. model

________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities. a. operant b. primary c. classical d. secondary

b. primary

Dimitri and Rita eat some donuts for breakfast and then spend the morning at an amusement park. After a few hours of riding the Super Looper Double Twist Dimitri feels nauseous and regurgitates the donuts. Rita is fine, but Dimitri has developed a ________, and the next time they stop for donuts, Dimitri immediately feels ill. a. unconditioned aversion b. taste aversion c. unconditioned response d. taste response

b. taste aversion

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule? a. variable interval b. variable ratio c. fixed ratio d. fixed interval

b. variable ratio

In ________ conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus unconditionally elicits a reaction. For example, a bit of black pepper blown into the eye produces a blinking response. a. operant b. stimulus c. classical d. response

c. classical

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning. a. conditioned b. primary c. latent d. partial

c. latent

Ron is taught to use a special numbers trick to check his final answer, but he does not demonstrate this skill until his end-of-the-year math test. This is an example of ________. a. cognitive mapping b. conditioning c. reinforcement d. latent learning

d. latent learning

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior? a. learning b. reinforcement c. acquisition d. shaping

d. shaping