Ch 6- Violence in Sports

Athletes may be marginalized or formally punished if they engage in

B- quasi-criminal or criminal violence

Most sociological research on sport spectator violence has been done by scholars in

D- Europe

Using violence in sports comes to be defined as "normal" by many people when the ability to "do" violence is seen as

A- a means for males to prove their "manhood."

When large-scale panics occur at sport venues, they

A- are fueled by emotional contagion.

Due to general fears about terrorist attacks at sport events, people

A- are more willing to accept a militaristic approach to social control at events.

Historical evidence shows that compared to spectators in the past, spectators today are

A- less violent and less likely to disrupt action on the field.

Sport spectators at North American stadiums and arenas are

A- loud and expressive but not generally violent

It is difficult to reduce the injuries that occur in power and performance sports because

A- most serious injuries occur within the rules in these sports

An investigation of sexual assaults by high school and club coaches in the state of Washington found that

A- nearly all offenses involved male heterosexual coaches victimizing girls.

The author argues that players in noncontact sports are

A- seldom rewarded for aggressive behaviors

Social historians suggest that violence remains an issue in sports because

A- sports are designed to create tension and excitement

As defined in the chapter, violence refers to

A- using excessive physical force that can cause harm or destruction.

Rates of violence are higher in men's sports than in women's sports because

A- violence is tied to issues of masculinity for many men in sports

Research has shown that spectators are most likely to be violent when they interpret the actions of the players on the field to be

A- violent

It is difficult to say that playing violent sports causes people to be violent off the field because

A- violent sports may attract people who already have records of being violent

When playing power and performance sports boys and men learn that

B- being violent will help them avoid labels such as "wimp" and "fag."

Celebratory riots have been among the most dangerous and destructive forms of sport spectator violence in North America. In the past, they occurred most often at

B- college football games

The primary goal of the suggestions for controlling spectator violence is to create

B- create new antiviolence norms among spectators.

According to the author, watching sports on television often leads viewers to be

B- emotionally expressive, but not overtly violent.

Learning to use violence as a strategy in sports tends to be highest in

B- heavy contact sports

The author notes that the legal liability related to brain injuries is most likely to affect the future of

B- heavy contact sports played by athletes under the legal age of consent

The person who plays the role of "enforcer" on a contact sport team is expected to

B- intimidate and use violence against opponents

Loic Wacquant's study of an inner-city boxing gym in Chicago indicated that the boxers

B- learned to control violent actions as they learned the craft of boxing

Research on pain and injury in sports suggests that

B- professional contact and collision sports are dangerous workplaces

Research on high school students has found that

B- tennis players are involved in fewer fights than peers who don't play sports

A study by Nancy Theberge found that elite women ice hockey players have a difficult time controlling all forms of brutal body contact in their sport because

B- they love the physicality of ice hockey.

The goal of sociological research on violence among athletes is to

B- understand violence in the context in which it occurs.

The chapter is organized partly around a typology of violence developed by Mike Smith. Which of the following is NOT one of the categories in his typology?

C- Intentional violence.

Research findings as well as popular ideas about sports and violence are often full of contradictions. One of the reasons for this is that

C- all sports are lumped together regardless of their purpose or organization

Some forms of violence are accepted widely by athletes and even used as a basis for gaining status among fellow athletes. These include

C- borderline violence and brutal body contact

Soccer spectators outside of North America are more likely than North American sport spectators to use sport event as site to

C- express political positions.

When violence occurs in connection with widespread rejection of norms it often is described as anarchy; when it occurs in connection with blind obedience to norms and autocratic leaders, it is described as

C- fascism

Todd Crosset's review of research on sexual assaults by male athletes indicates that

C- it is misleading to focus only on athletes when studying sexual assault

Information on violence in women's contact sports suggests that women are

C- less likely than men to use violence as proof of their sexual identity.

According to the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism,

C- sport events can be attractive to terrorists because they receive media coverage.

In the information on terrorism it is noted that

C- sports can't be separated from aspects of social life that inspire terrorism

Deviant overconformity is associated with some forms of violence in sports. The roots of this violence are grounded in

C- the desire to gain reaffirmation for one's identity as an athlete

Research suggests that violent confrontations between sport spectators is most likely when

C- there are existing tensions and conflicts in a community or society

As defined in the chapter, intimidation refers to

C- words, gestures, or actions that threaten violence or aggression.

Which of the following is NOT among the author's policy recommendations for controlling sport violence?

D- Banning all block sales of tickets to large groups of people.

The author suggests that violence against women by male athletes is associated with at least five specific aspects of the culture of men's sports. Which of the following is NOT one of those aspects?

D- Repressed feelings of hostility created by failures on the field.

Sport participation may help people learn to control aggressive action in their lives. This has occurred in connection with some combat sports when the

D- coaches promote norms emphasizing non-violence and respect for self and others

Instead of saying that commercialization causes violence, the author states that it is more accurate to say that

D- commercialization enables more people to play violent sports

Research indicates that concussions as well as repetitive subconcussive head hits can cause brain injuries that may lead to CTE—chronic traumatic encephalopathy. CTE is a neurodegenerative disease with symptoms similar to

D- early onset dementia

Research shows that boys and men who play power and performance sports learn that they will be

D- evaluated favorably for their ability to combine violence and skills

Spectator violence varies with many factors. Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?

D- gThe personality profiles of regular spectators at an event.

Preventing or minimizing CTE through the use of helmets and other head protection equipment has not been successful because helmets

D- helmets cannot stop the brain from moving inside the skull.

Studies show that in comparison with sports today, the tournaments and sport activities in medieval and early modern Europe were

D- more violent.

As defined in the chapter, aggression refers to

D- verbal or physical actions intended to control or do harm to another person.

In the culture of heavy contact sports, there is a general norm emphasizing that

D- violence is part of the game

Signal or Invitation to Fight in Hockey

Dropping the gloves

Rule 56

NFL introduced it in 1922; it formally regulated hockey fighting. Rather than taking players out from the game, players only given 5 minute major penalty.