Ch 7 Intro to Nutrition

How much does physical activity increase energy expenditure beyond basal metabolism?

15%-30%

The ratio of body weight (in kilograms) to height (in meters)2 is the _____.

BMI

Which of the following techniques estimates body fat content by measuring the resistance to an electrical current that passes through the body?

Bioelectric impedance analysis

______ uses x-ray technology to determine body composition.

DEXA

True or false: During the measurement of bioelectric impedance, greater adipose stores are associated with lower resistance to electrical flow.

False

Which of the following are ways that nurture, rather than nature, may promote obesity?

High-fat diets Physical inactivity

What part of the body closely monitors and regulates body fat?

Hypothalamus

Select the most reliable treatments for the condition of overweight or obesity.

Increased physical activity Decreased calorie intake Behavior modification

Energy balance is thought of as energy input versus energy output. Identify the components that contribute to the "energy output" of this equation.

Physical activity Digestion Metabolism

Which of the following individuals is in energy balance (equilibrium)?

Ray consumes 2400 kcal per day and expends 2400 kcal per day.

Choose the three categories of energy used by the body.

Thermogenesis Basal Metabolism Physical Activity

Treatment for overweight and obesity should be

a lifestyle change. long term.

Excess fat located near the ______ increases a person's risk for obesity-related chronic disease.

abdomen

Telltale signs of an unreliable diet include all of the following EXCEPT

adapts to individual habits and tastes.

A well-balanced weight loss program would recommend that the rate of weight loss should ______.

be slow and steady evaluate the need for further weight loss after 10% weight loss is achieved include a period of weight maintenance for a few months after 10% of body weight is lost

The method used to estimate total body fat that uses a low-energy electrical current is known as

bioelectrical impedance.

Direct calorimetry measures the amount of

body heat released by a person

Treatment for overweight and obesity is similar to treatment for ______.

chronic disease

Choose common characteristics of unreliable fad diets.

critical and skeptical of the medical community promote rapid weight loss limit food selections

Choose the factors that are environmental and can promote weight gain.

culture social and economic status advertising

If height, weight, and physical activity level are held constant, energy requirements ______ as an adult ages.

decrease

Individuals with a healthy BMI should ______, rather than follow a specific diet.

engage in regular physical activity learn to accept one's unique body characteristics focus on maintaining current weight

Bioelectrical impedance is based on the assumption that fat tissue has proportionately ______ electrical resistance than lean tissue.

greater

What two measurements are needed to evaluate Body Mass Index?

height weight

The dietary approach that has been most successful in long-term studies is the primarily plant-based, ______ approach.

high-fiber

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is ______ basal metabolic rate (BMR).

higher than

The method of estimating total body fat by weighing the individual on a standard scale and then weighing him or her submerged in water is known as ______.

hydrostatic weighing (underwater weighing)

Increases in lean body mass will ______ basal metabolic rate.

increase

A 150-pound person with 30% body fat will weigh ______ hydrostatically (i.e., in the water) compared to a 150-pound person with 20% body fat.

less

The reasons why unreliable diets are problematic include

loss of lean tissue. limited food selection. unchanged habits.

Novelty diets that exclude a food group or include only one or two foods are based on _____.

no scientific merit

Being ______ will increase your risk for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, android fat distribution, and obesity-related diseases.

overweight

Identify the components of energy output not involving basal metabolism.

physical activity absorption of nutrients digestion of nutrients

The dietary approach that has been most successful in long-term studies is the ______ approach.

primarily plant based, high-fiber

Which of the following contribute to basal metabolism?

respiration heart function the activity of the liver, brain, and kidney

Which activities are part of a measurement of basal metabolism?

respiration the work of the liver, kidneys, and brain beating of the heart

Bioelectric impedance is used to estimate body fat content by _____.

sending a painless, low-energy electrical current through the body and measuring the resistance to the electrical flow

A diet plan promoted in a fashion magazine states, "Eat all you want and lose 10 pounds in 2 weeks." This statement does NOT agree with sound weight loss recommendations, such as

set a goal of one pound weight loss per week. control problem eating behaviors.

The energy used for the digestion, absorption, and processing of food is called the

thermic effect of food.

Which of the following contributes the least to the calories that are used each day by the body?

thermogenesis

The dieting mania stems from ______.

unrealistic weight expectations lack of an appreciation for the natural variety in body shape and size

The Body Mass Index is defined as ______.

weight in pounds multiplied by 703 and divided by the square of the height in inches weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters

There are approximately 3500 kcal in ______ of fat tissue.

1 pound

For a successful weight loss, an individual needs to decrease calorie intake, incorporate positive behaviors that promote health, and do ______.

150 to 300 minutes or more of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week

Approximately how many calories are in one pound of fat tissue?

3500

Select the true statements concerning body weight among North American adults.

Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight lowers the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Almost 75% of adults are overweight or obese. Prevention of an overweight condition in the first place is the most successful approach to maintaining a healthy body weight.

The amount and location of ______ in the body are important predictors of cardiovascular disease risk.

Adipose tissue

Which of the following factors are used to calculate Estimated Energy Requirements for adults with the Food and Nutrition Board's formula?

Age Weight Height

In general, weight loss decreases risk for which of the following conditions?

Diabetes Hypertension Cancer

______ calorimetry predicts energy needs by measuring the amount of heat released by a person.

Direct

Which of the following components of total energy expenditure is most easily altered to achieve weight management goals?

Energy for physical activity

What technique could be used to determine the amount of calories a person expends each day?

Indirect calorimetry Direct calorimetry Equations taking into account height, weight, physical activity, and age

Which of the following statements are true about dual energy x-ray absorptiometry?

It can be used to assess bone mineral density. It measures body fat by passing a small dose of radiation through the body. It is considered the most accurate determination of body fat.

Which is true regarding healthy body weight?

It can lead to a long and healthy life.

Why do individuals with higher amounts of muscle mass, have a higher BMR?

Lean tissue is more metabolically active than adipose tissue.

Which of the following are true statements about novelty diets?

Leaving out entire food groups can lead to nutrient deficiencies. They promote weight cycling.

Identify the factors that decrease basal metabolism.

Loss of lean tissue Low calorie intake Dieting

Which of the following would NOT be a valid way to measure or estimate the amount of energy used by the body each day?

Measurement of food intake from the various food groups

Which of the following are the top three contributors to the calories expended by the body each day?

Physical activity Thermic effect of food Basal metabolism

True or false: A promise of rapid weight loss is one characteristic of a fad diet.

True

True or false: Poverty in the United States is associated with obesity.

True

A weight loss regimen on the internet claims that 10 minutes of physical activity each day is all you need to lose weight. A more successful plan would

also include dietary strategies to reduce energy intake. also include behavior modification strategies, such as self-monitoring of diet and exercise.

A ______ is the instrument used to determine the calorie content of a food.

bomb calorimeter

Which factor decreases basal metabolism?

low calorie intake

The bomb calorimeter works by ______.

measuring the heat given off by a food as it is burned

The energy required for the thermic effect of foods is due to the ____ of nutrients.

processing absorption digestion

When assessing a person's metabolic rate, the ______ metabolic rate is calculated if the individual has not fasted and/or not rested for 12 hours prior to the test.

resting

The theory that says weight is maintained through internal regulatory controls making it difficult to lose weight is called the ______.

set-point theory

Environmental factors that may promote obesity include

stressful work conditions. abundance of fast food establishments. lack of safe outdoor recreation facilities.