CH. 7 Practice

What role does DNA play in the cell?

store instructions for making proteins

During the elongation stage of translation, a _______ bond is formed between the incoming _______ acid and the growing polypeptide chain, and empty tRNAs are released from the ribosome.

covalent; amino

On a tRNA molecule, the ______ is a three-base sequence that is complementary to and binds to an mRNA codon during translation.

anticodon

What three-base site of a tRNA molecule is complementary to an mRNA codon?

anticodon

The ______ is a sequence of DNA that signals the start of a gene and also which of the two strands of DNA is the template for transcription.

promoter

Enzymes and chaperone proteins assist in ______ that takes place after translation is complete.

protein folding

Select all of the following that are present in a bacterial operon.

-promoter -group of genes -operator

Put the following events of translational elongation (the stage in translation that occurs after initiation) in the order that they occur, beginning with the first step at the top.

1. After the first amino acid has been brought to the ribosome, a tRNA carrying the second amino acid of a protein binds to the 2nd codon 2. A covalent bond forms between the first and second amino acid 3. The ribosome releases the first tRNA 4. Ribosomes move down the mRNA by one codon, and a tRNA carrying the 3rd amino acid comes into place. 5. A covalent bond forms between 2nd and 3rd amino acid 6. The ribosomes release the 2nd tRNA

The instructions in ______ encode the information that a cell needs to produce proteins, which are vital to living things.

DNA

Transcription, translation, nucleotide synthesis, and modification of mRNA are all processes that require

energy

After translation is complete, the newly synthesized protein must ______, as determined by some regions of the amino acid chain.

fold into its functional shape

In transcription, the genetic information in DNA is copied into a(n) ______ molecule, and in translation, the "message" in an mRNA molecule is translated into a(n) ______ sequence

mRNA; amino acid

At the beginning of transcription, RNA polymerase binds to the ______ on the DNA.

promoter

In the "central dogma," information flows from DNA to RNA to ______.

proteins

During _______, the information that is encoded in the DNA base sequence is copied into the complementary language of mRNA. Then, once the mRNA is produced and modified, a process called _________ uses that information to assemble a sequence of amino acids.

transcription; translation

In the "central dogma" describing the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein, DNA is copied to RNA in a process called ______, and the information in RNA is used to direct the synthesis of a protein in a process called _______

transcription; translation