ch 8

_____ help users to identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system. --Ch. 8

Pareto charts

_____ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities. --Ch. 8

Six 9s of quality

The _____ model focuses on defining user requirements and planning software projects. --Ch. 8

Software Quality Function Deployment (SQFD)

_____ measures how much variation exists in a distribution of data. --Ch. 8

Standard deviation

_____ involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection. --Ch. 8

Statistical sampling

_____ are the screens and reports the system generates. --Ch. 8

System outputs

One of Juran's ten steps to quality improvement states that: --Ch. 8

an organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement.

An important tool used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram. --Ch. 8

analyze

The purpose of _____ is to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken. --Ch. 8

project quality management

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines _____ as "the totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs." --Ch. 8

quality

Performing _____ involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards. --Ch. 8

quality assurance

A(n)_____ is a structured review of specific quality management activities that help identify lessons learned that could improve performance on current or future projects. --Ch. 8

quality audit

Performing _____ involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality. --Ch. 8

quality control

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities. --Ch. 8

3.4

_____ is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range. --Ch. 8

Appraisal cost

_____ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization. --Ch. 8

Benchmarking

_____ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes. --Ch. 8

CMMI

_____ diagrams trace complaints about quality problems back to the responsible production operations. --Ch. 8

Cause-and-effect, Fishbone or Ishikawa

_____ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications. --Ch. 8

Conformance to requirements

_____ wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects. --Ch. 8

Crosby

Projects that use Six Sigma principles for quality control normally follow a five-phase improvement process called _____. --Ch. 8

DMAIC

_____ is a quality planning technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process. --Ch. 8

Design of experiments

_____ is a technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process. --Ch. 8

Design of experiments

Missing Question --Ch. 8

Eliminate the annual rating or merit system.

_____ is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer. --Ch. 8

External failure cost

_____ are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users. --Ch. 8

Features

_____ means that a product can be used as it was intended. --Ch. 8

Fitness for use

_____ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function. --Ch. 8

Functionality

_____, a quality system standard is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization. --Ch. 8

ISO 9000

_____ addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product. --Ch. 8

Maintainability

Frameworks for helping organization improve their processes and system are​ --Ch. 8

Maturity

_____ addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's intended use. --Ch. 8

Performance

_____ correct or prevent further quality problems based on quality control measurements. --Ch. 8

Process adjustments

_____ correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements. --Ch. 8

Process adjustments

_____ are groups of non-supervisors and work leaders in a single company department who volunteer to conduct group studies on how to improve the effectiveness of work in their department. --Ch. 8

Quality circles

_____ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions. --Ch. 8

Reliability

_____ refers to action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations. --Ch. 8

Rework

Genichi Taguchi's _____ methods focus on eliminating defects by substituting scientific inquiry for trial-and-error methods. --Ch. 8

Robust Design

____ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system. --Ch. 8

User acceptance testing

Complete the formula: sample size = 0.25 * ( _____ /acceptable error)2 --Ch. 8

certainty factor

In the DMAIC process, the letter "C" stands for _____. --Ch. 8

control

A _____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time. --Ch. 8

control chart

The _____ means taking responsibility for failures or not meeting quality expectations. --Ch. 8

cost of nonconformance

A(n) _____ is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements. --Ch. 8

defect

Important tools used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process include a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) data. --Ch. 8

define

Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of the _____ process of project quality management. --Ch. 8

executing

The term _____ means a product can be used as it was intended. --Ch. 8

fitness for use

A _____ is a standard of measurement in quality management. --Ch. 8

metric

Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the _____ subprocess of project quality management. --Ch. 8

monitoring and controlling

A ____ is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed). --Ch. 8

normal distribution

Process improvement plan, quality metrics, and quality checklists are the outputs of the _____ process of project quality management. --Ch. 8

planning quality management

The _____ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling. --Ch. 8

quality control

In a _____, the closer data points are to a diagonal line, the more closely the two variables are related. --Ch. 8

scatter diagram

The _____ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities problems. --Ch. 8

six 9s of quality rule

Watts S. Humphrey defines a(n) _____ as anything that must be changed before delivery of the program. --Ch. 8

software defect

A(n) _____ is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible. --Ch. 8

unit test

The _____ represents the number of units handled correctly through the process steps. --Ch. 8

yield