Ch 8 other questions

Creating training programs and team interventions for groups can be a. a valuable investment. b. worth a try, but their effectiveness is not yet clearly established. c. a total waste of time. d. helpful for virtual teams, but not face-to-face teams.

A

A person from an individualist culture would prefer to a. make concessions toward the end of the negotiation. b. make concessions toward the beginning of the negotiation. c. make concessions in the middle of the negotiation. d. never make concessions at all.

A

According to research by Kugihara (1999), social loafing is more likely to occur among a. men. b. women. c. African Americans. d. Asian Americans.

A

Cecile is very aware that, as a French woman, she brings certain assumptions to the table--she tends to be more liberal both politically and socially. She is also aware that her coworker, who was raised as a Southern Baptist in Indiana, brings a different set of assumptions to the table--the coworker tends to be more conservative in a variety of ways. Cecile often checks the accuracy of her assumptions so that her assumptions don't negatively influence her interaction with her coworker. Cecile is displaying a. high cultural meta-cognition. b. an escalation effect. c. a group support system. d. a personal resource dilemma.

A

Chinese-American college students primed with Chinese images before playing a prisoner's dilemma game a. cooperated more when playing with friends than when playing with strangers. b. cooperated less than did Chinese Americans primed with American images. c. endorsed collectivist ideals during the game, but tended to play in a rather competitive manner. d. endorsed individualistic ideals during the game, but tended to play in a rather cooperative manner.

A

De Dreu and others (2011) have found that _____ can enhance the performance of brainstorming groups. a. motivation toward the collective success of the group b. motivation for personal success in individual performance c. motivation for a thorough and accurate understanding of the problem at hand d. All of these

A

Groups of people who work interdependently with shared purpose across time, space, and organization boundaries are called a. virtual teams. b. brainstorming teams. c. negotiating teams. d. work crews.

A

Jean-Paul works for National Public Radio. He has been assigned to run the fund drive necessary to keep NPR on the air in various communities. Suppose that keeping NPR on the air in a given community is contingent upon the percentage of people in the community who donate money. It is likely that a. Jean-Paul will get more donations from people who have a collectivist orientation than from those who have an individualist orientation. b. Jean-Paul will be likely to get a greater percentage of donations from people living in the city than from people living in smaller close-knit communities. c. whether the people Jean-Paul speaks with are in a good mood or a bad mood will have no influence on their willingness to donate. d. if Jean-Paul is truthful and tells people that many others have already donated, people will be less likely to donate their own money.

A

People with a(n) _____ social value orientation are less competitive in social dilemmas. a. cooperative b. competitive c. individualist d. aggressive

A

Research on diversity suggests that a. even the mere expectation of being part of a diverse group can impact performance. b. the benefits of diversity for group performance tend to be much greater in collectivist versus individualistic cultures. c. diversity is often associated with positive group dynamics. d. diversity often has negative effects when it comes to outcomes like market share and profit

A

Specialized interactive computer programs that are used to guide group meetings, collaborative work, and decision-making processes are called a. group support systems. b. social dilemmas. c. SIDE supports. d. transactive memory systems.

A

Teddi wants everyone in her department to do well. Jerry wants to make sure he does better than everyone else in his department. Teddi has a(n) _____ social value orientation, while Jerry has a(n) _____ social value orientation. a. cooperative; competitive b. individualist; competitive c. cooperative; individualist d. competitive; individualist

A

Virtual groups are _____ susceptible to process loss than face-to-face groups. a. more b. less c. equally d. more and less

A

_______ is referred to as when a group increases its commitment to a failing course of action in order to justify previous investments. a. The escalation effect b. Mindguarding c. Graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction d. Biased sampling

A

Computerized group support systems help to minimize the potential for groupthink by a. providing more power to the leader of the group. b. allowing group members to raise concerns anonymously. c. focusing the attention of group members on their relationships with one another. d. increasing the cohesiveness of the group.

B

Research on information processing in groups suggests that a. if the individuals who comprise the group are prone to rely on a particular heuristic, the group will be even less likely to use this heuristic. b. if the individuals who comprise the group are prone to rely on a particular heuristic, the group will be even more likely to use this heuristic. c. regardless of the information-processing propensities of individual group members, groups are less likely than individuals to rely on heuristics. d. regardless of the information-processing propensities of individual group members, groups are more likely than individuals to rely on heuristics.

B

Viviana lives in an ethnically diverse community. She is attending a PTA meeting concerning how to provide a complete and fair history curriculum. It is likely that a. the members of the PTA will judge their own work more positively than will members of PTAs in ethnically homogenous communities. b. the PTA will come up with more creative solutions than will PTAs in ethnically homogenous communities. c. misunderstandings will be less likely among her PTA members than among PTA members from ethnically homogenous communities. d. cliques will be less likely to form in her PTA than in PTAs from ethnically homogenous communities.

B

Wagerman and others (2009) found that stability of membership a. had no impact on team performance. b. had high impact on team performance. c. had low impact on team performance. d. was irrelevant to team performance.

B

Who would cooperate the most in a social dilemma? a. A woman playing a social dilemma game with another woman b. A woman playing a social dilemma game with a man c. A man playing a social dilemma game with another man d. A man playing a social dilemma game in a large group of men.

B

A negotiated reduction to a conflict in which all parties obtain outcomes that are superior to those they would have obtained from an equal division of contested resources is called a(n) a. social dilemma. b. superordinate identity. c. integrative agreement. d. prisoner's dilemma.

C

At Verbal High, the football players and cheerleaders do not get along at all. The cheerleaders think the football players are vain and superficial. The football players feel the same way about the cheerleaders. The football players and the cheerleaders seem to suffer from a. a resource dilemma. b. superordinate identities. c. mirror image perceptions. d. groupthink.

C

Bart hopes to employ the GRIT strategy with his opponent, Homer. In order for the strategy to work, it is necessary that a. Homer like Bart. b. Homer has a cooperative orientation. c. Bart retaliate equally if Homer acts competitively. d. Bart carry out an initiative only after the previous one has been reciprocated

C

Consider the prisoner's dilemma. You will receive the worst possible outcome in such a scenario if you decide to be ________ and your partner decides to be ________. a. selfish; selfish b. selfish; cooperative c. cooperative; selfish d. cooperative; cooperative

C

Cross-cultural research suggests that when individuals fail to carry their own share of the weight for the group, a. cohesiveness suffers less in groups from collectivistic cultures because other people are quick to pick up the slack. b. collectivist groups are more likely to kick out these individuals than are more individualistic groups. c. cohesiveness suffers more in groups from collectivistic cultures. d. collectivistic groups are more likely to seek increases in task complexity.

C

The perception that members of different groups belong to a larger whole that encompasses both groups is called a. group polarization. b. an integrative agreement. c. a superordinate identity. d. social facilitation.

C

Though the new mentoring program doesn't seem to be working very well, Principal McVickers argues that the school should continue to invest in it because they have already committed so many resources to it. This illustrates a. social loafing. b. groupthink. c. the escalation effect. d. the sucker effect.

C

Five students—Jalen, Chris, Juwan, Jimmy, and Ray—move into a house together and discover they share the odd habit of drinking milk with ice in it every night before bed. They own several ice trays and make a pact to always refill the trays when they are emptied so that the supply of ice will never run out. But the five often do not have the time or energy to refill the trays, and after a few weeks, it becomes quite common for them to meet in the kitchen and discover that they have no ice. This would best be characterized as what type of dilemma? a. Prisoner's dilemma b. Normative dilemma c. Tit-for-tat dilemma d. Resource dilemma

D

Thompson and Hrebec (1996) found that in more than _____ percent of negotiations that could have resulted in integrative agreements, the participants agreed to settlements that were worse for both sides. a. 90 b. 60 c. 40 d. 20

D

With regard to behavior during social dilemmas, groups tend to be more _____ than individuals. a. cooperative b. averse to risk c. gullible d. competitive

D