Ch 9

Which component of an attitude reflects the feelings a person has toward a situation?

a.Affective

Raj thought he had another week, but he just found out that he has to submit the performance evaluations for his entire staff by 10:00 tomorrow morning. If he misses this deadline, not only will it reflect poorly on him, but his staff members will not be eligible for the annual bonus. Raj is starting to panic because he does not know how he can possibly complete that many evaluations in one night. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is Raj in?

a.Alarm

What is the feeling of exhaustion that may develop when someone experiences too much stress for an extended period of time.

a.Burnout

What is the skill that allows people to see differences among situations, phenomena, or events?

a.Divergent thinking

Which of the following is a medical consequence of too much negative stress?

a.Headaches

What is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them?

a.Locus of control

According to research, a person with which personality attribute is more likely to produce higher overall job performance?

a.More extroverted

Julian has been given a new account with a difficult client. Julian is highly agreeable and typically has good working relationships with others. Which personality trait does Julian have that will potentially extend to his relationship with this customer?

b.Agreeableness

Which of the following is least likely to be considered a work-related stressor?

b.Environmental demands

Which type of organizational behavior includes absenteeism and turnover?

b.Withdrawal

Dezmon maintains a high degree of confidence in the accuracy and quality of his work. Dezmon has a high level of _____.

b.self-efficacy

Bernice took a job as a ticket taker at the baseball stadium. She has to arrive two hours before each event to work the gate. Once the game reaches the bottom of the third inning, her gate is closed, and she can go in to watch the rest of the game. Which intangible inducement is the organization offering Bernice?

c.Ability to watch live games

Rabeya has been very stressed at work. She dreads going to work, and even though she is working long hours, she doesn't seem to get anything done. Which type of stress response is Rabeya experiencing?

c.Burnout

Jewel recently completed a personality profile and learned she has high degrees of extraversion, intuition, feelings, and judging characteristics. Which test did Jewel take?

c.Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Dajhia has always been good with change, and she has a broad interest in others. She is curious, imaginative, and creative. Which of the Big Five personality traits is Dajhia considered to be high in?

c.Openness

What are the relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another?

c.Personality

Atmir has a complex and stressful project. He stayed late several nights this week, but on Thursday, he never showed up for work. When his manager called to see if Atmir was OK, Atmir told his manager he had slept through his alarm. Which state of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) was Atmir in?

c.Stage 3

Dorina seems to invent problems where they do not exist. Even when given an ample budget and a roomy schedule, she warns that she may not be able to finish on time and points out all the areas where things could go wrong or come in over budget. Dorina has a high degree of _____.

c.negative affectivity

Which of the following stressors is a task demand?

d.Critical decisions

Which Big Five personality trait refers to a person's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests?

a.Openness

Which is an attitude that reflects an individual's identification with and attachment to the organization itself?

a.Organizational commitment

Which of the following is true of contributions?

a.They are what an individual provides to the organization.

Lupita has always been at an appropriate weight for her height. She believes that because she does not have a weight issue, the doctor was incorrect when she told Lupita she needed to change her diet. This is an example of _____.

a.selective perception

Which of the following would inhibit creative efforts in an organization?

b.Punishing creative failures

Raul's team often faces pressing deadlines. Last Thursday, the entire team stayed late to complete an important assignment, even though they were tired and frustrated. On Thursday, the team members were most likely in which stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

b.Resistance

In terms of emotional intelligence, what should people be high in so that they can effectively guide their own lives and behaviors?

b.Self-awareness

Ugar is interviewing candidates, and he is paying special attention to their communication skills. He believes communication skills are critical for this position. Which of the following is Ugar using as part of his selection process?

b.Stereotyping

Teresita needs to hire a new office manager. Which of the following is an illegal application of stereotyping?

b.Teresita wants to hire a woman because she believes that women are better able to multitask than are men.

During which stage of the creative process would the development of a product or service prototype be done?

b.Verification

Steve was in a car accident in which the driver of the car behind him, a 75-year-old man, did not see him stop for the red light and hit Steve's car. Ever since that accident, Steve has believed that people over 70 should not be allowed to drive. This is an example of _____.

b.stereotyping

Which of the following is an example of an inducement?

c.Pay

Which of the following is true of people who are extraverts?

d.They are sociable, talkative, and assertive.

Compared to Type A individuals, Type B individuals are ______.

d.more likely to have a relaxed approach to life

Which of the following is true of attribution?

c.It is dependent on consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness.

It has been very hot this summer, and the air conditioning in Marah's office is not working properly. It is hot in the office to the point that it has become difficult for people to focus on their work. This stressor is which type of demand?

d.Physical

Ramon was recently promoted, but he is occasionally overwhelmed by some of his work because he lacks experience, and he is now unhappy about his job. He has shared this with his manager. What can his manager do to restore the psychological contract?

d.Provide training.

What is the set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about his or her environment?

a.Perception

Which of the following refers to the extent to which the contributions made by the individual match the inducements offered by the organization?

a.Person-job fit

Woojin needs to hire a new creative director to manage the organization's social media presence. Based on the Myers-Briggs framework, what should Woojin look for when interviewing candidates?

a.Someone with a high degree of intuition

To the extent that stereotyping affects a manager's hiring practices, which of the following statements is true?

a.The manager is costing the organization valuable talent.

Kaia seems to be very competitive, and she has a sense of time urgency. She is often aggressive with others and impatient. Kaia seems to be under stress often. Which type of personality does Kaia have?

a.Type A

Which of the following is true of Type A and Type B individuals?

a.Type B individuals have a weaker sense of time urgency than Type A individuals.

Although Payal loves her job, she does not see any potential for long-term growth. She knows that to be promoted, she likely will have to look outside of the company, even though she would rather not. Payal is experiencing _____.

a.cognitive dissonance

The second phase of the creative process, during which there is less intense conscious concentration and ideas mature and develop, is called _____.

a.incubation

Even though Aisha enjoys her work, she does not see herself as a long-term member of the organization. She knows she will eventually want to relocate to be closer to family. Aisha has a low level of _____.

a.organizational commitment

Even when budgets are limited and schedules are tight, Nils always approaches a project in an upbeat manner. He takes the challenges in stride, is optimistic that he can meet goals, and often succeeds. Nils has a high degree of _____.

a.positive affectivity

Bhavik is rarely confident in Anke's work. He knows it usually needs to be reviewed and changed. Sometimes she doesn't even use spell check. Last week, a client called to tell Bhavik what a great job Anke did on her proposal. When preparing Anke's performance review, selective perception might cause Bhavik to _____.

a.quickly forget evidence of Anke's high-quality work

A manager who has a very negative image of a particular employee overlooks instances of high-quality work from that employee. This is due to _____.

a.selective perception

Jinhua has worked with a client in the past that he feels can be very difficult. When preparing for his upcoming meeting with that client, which component of attitude might Jinhua have?

b.Cognitive

Which term refers to the extent to which people are self-aware, manage their emotions, motivate themselves, express empathy for others, and possess social skills?

b.Emotional intelligence

Amina has been working on a project, but she now feels stuck. She decided to take a walk and let the project go for a while because she feels this is when she does her best thinking. Which stage of the creative process is Amina in?

b.Incubation

What are the psychological, emotional, and physical attributes that vary from person to person called?

b.Individual differences

Which component of an attitude reflects how an individual expects to behave toward or in the situation?

b.Intentional

Ahmed knows his project is important to the department and the organization. Since it is due on Monday, Ahmed decided to review it once more over the weekend to make sure it is perfect. Which type of contribution is Ahmed making toward the organization?

b.Loyalty to the organization

What is the result when we experience an optimal level of stress?

b.Motivation

Darien has always been excitable. His reactive nature and tendency to be anxious in unpredictable situations make it difficult for him to handle job stress in a productive manner. Which personality trait affects Darien's performance in times of uncertainty?

b.Neuroticism

As an emergency room doctor, Ozlem works nights and weekends for two weeks, then is assigned to daytime shifts for the next two weeks. Which type of stressor is associated with shift work?

b.Physical

Pallavi has been under a lot of stress at work. As a result, when she gets home, she is short with her family and has a hard time sleeping. Which type of consequence of stress is Pallavi experiencing?

b.Psychological

Eli just finished a successful interview process, and he was offered the job. He has expectations about the work and how well he can do his job, and his new manager also has expectations about what Eli will be able to contribute. Which of the following describe these sets of expectations on both Eli's part and the part of the employer?

b.Psychological contract

Aviva is generally short with people and always seems to be in a bad mood. However, she just got a raise, and today, Aviva seems rather positive for a change. What can be said about Aviva's attitude?

b.She has a high degree of negative affectivity.

Yui just received a bonus because of a successful team project. Yui knew her efforts contributed to the team's success. What can be said about Yui's personality?

b.She has an internal locus of control.

Arayla respects her manager, but she will question some of her manager's decisions when she doesn't agree with them. She doesn't hesitate to disagree with her boss or a client when she feels they are wrong. Which aspect of personality addresses Arayla's belief about power and status differences?

c.Authoritarianism

When L'Meese is feeling stressed, she often will go to the gym at lunch. What effect on stress would exercise offer L'Meese?

c.Confidence and optimism

Which of the following is an indication that a person is unfulfilled by their work?

c.Dissatisfaction

Jinhoon is always happy at work, and he is always ready to volunteer to help others. Even when there is a problem, he looks for the best outcome. What can be said about Jinhoon's attitude at work?

c.He has a high degree of positive affectivity.

Nila's manager is rational and nonemotional, and Nila thinks he occasionally lies to attain personal goals. Which personality trait might Nila's manager have?

c.High Machiavellianism

While salary is important to her, Olesia is most satisfied with the recognition she receives for her efforts on a cross-departmental work team. Her supervisor and team leader have both expressed the company's gratitude for her contributions and praise for her performance. Which aspect of the physiological contract does Olesia value?

c.Inducements

Mikel's group was struggling to design a key component of a new device. After struggling for months on how to achieve one key requirement of the new device, Mikel had an aha moment and was able to resolve the issue. The product development team is in which stage of the creative process?

c.Insight

Which of the following best describes organizational citizenship?

c.It is the behavior of individuals that makes a positive overall contribution to an organization.

Which of the following describes cognitive dissonance?

c.It is the conflict individuals may experience among their own attitudes.

Destani is very open to new ideas, and she has a high degree of energy. She is also independent and has a lot of self-confidence. Which attribute of creativity does this describe?

c.Personal traits

Jolanta has been offered a promotion, and she will be leading the new product development team. Before her new position starts, Jolanta is being sent to training, and that training will concentrate in business. Which aspect of the creative process is Jolanta pursuing?

c.Preparation

Mable was chosen to lead a project where she has to deal with a lot of unknowns and take chances in order to meet its goals. Which personality trait will aid Mabel in her ability to succeed on this project?

c.Risk propensity

Manoj is considered by many to be a catalyst for innovation in his organization. He is always willing to try new ideas and gamble on new products. Which aspect of personality describes Manoj's feeling about taking chances?

c.Risk propensity

Which of the following serves to weaken organizational commitment?

c.Seeing oneself as an outsider

In addition to stereotyping, what is one of the most basic perceptual processes we use?

c.Selective perception

Which of the following refers to an individual's belief about his or her capabilities to perform a task?

c.Self-efficacy

Sabine wants to encourage creativity in her department. Which of the following will help her achieve that?

c.Setting explicit goals

Ramkumar is already working under a tight deadline, and his client just changed the job specifications. What are the strong stimuli that are causing Ramkumar additional stress called?

c.Stressors

Raphael is always late for meetings, and Zereth is concerned he will also be late for the client meeting tomorrow, even though he knows the entire account is dependent on the success of the meeting. The basis for Zereth's assessment of Raphael's behavior is _____.

c.consistency

Apoorva works in the marketing department of a major insurance company located in her hometown. She finds her work very satisfying. Due to her attitude, Apoorva is likely to have a high level of _____.

c.contribution

Dana has a reputation for being creative. Colleagues have noticed that Dana is skilled at seeing similarities between different situations, and applying those lessons to come up with new ideas. This skill is known as _____.

c.convergent thinking

Byron observes that one of his employees always refuses to look him in the eye when Byron is speaking to him. Later, Byron sees that this employee does not look other people in the eye either. Byron decides that the employee is not disrespectful of him, but rather that he must have difficulty making eye contact with people. Byron makes this attribution based on _____.

c.distinctiveness

Avec noticed her coworker yawning all morning, and she assumed it was because the coworker went out with other colleagues last night and didn't get enough sleep. What is the mechanism through which Avec formed this opinion?

d.Attribution

Which of the following best describes attitudes?

d.Complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations, or other people

Which of the following can be considered as someone's ability to multitask on the job?

d.Conscientiousness

What is the ability of an individual to generate new ideas or to conceive of new perspectives on existing ideas?

d.Creativity

One of Nour's strengths as a manager is her ability to understand how her staff members are feeling, even without being explicitly told. This allows her to anticipate and prevent some conflicts from arising. This ability reflects strength in which dimension of emotional intelligence?

d.Empathy

Hua enjoys his job and the company he works for. Hua frequently volunteers for projects, and he actively looks for ways to contribute. He even volunteers at company-sponsored events on the weekend. What can be said about Hua and his work for the company?

d.He has a high level of organizational engagement.

What is the relationship between high levels of satisfaction and job performance?

d.High levels of satisfaction might have no relationship to performance.

Geert had to arrange for office equipment maintenance from a new provider. He spoke with a customer service rep who addressed all his issues in a polite and informative manner. After the call, he told his colleague, "I like that company. The rep I spoke to was terrific. That is one of the best firms I've dealt with. I plan to call them whenever we need our equipment serviced." Which statement represents the intentional component of Geert's attitude toward this company?

d.I plan to call them whenever we need our equipment serviced.

Marah likes to start large projects immediately and get them done. Ozlem likes to think about her projects for a while before starting them. When Marah and Ozlem were asked to work together on a project, both experienced stress. What was this stress due to?

d.Interpersonal demands

Which of the following is an example of a contribution that an employee provides to an organization?

d.Loyalty to the firm

Sushil knows it is important to manage her stress, and she has started to incorporate time management skills into her daily routine. Which of the following will help Sushil with her time management goals?

d.Making a list of things to accomplish each day

Azim was promoted to a new position, and he is required to travel at least one week per month. However, he has a new child and does not want to leave for that long, or that often. Which type of stressor is Azim experiencing?

d.Role

Polani was hired specifically because of her unique skills and track record of success. Based on the psychological contract, what are the expectations of the employer?

d.The use of those skills on the new job

According to the Myers-Briggs framework, which type of person gets their energy from being around others?

d.Those who are extraverts

Tariq's development team is in the process of validating a key feature of a product design. The product development team is in which stage of the creative process?

d.Verification

Bianca just learned that Julien, her most creative designer, is leaving the company. As her mind races through the challenge ahead of her, Bianca has begun to inventory the qualifications she will have to satisfy in her search for a replacement. To find someone with the creativity needed for the job, Bianca will want to look for a candidate who _____.

d.has strong analytical skills

Kamiya enjoys the process of doing her job and gets satisfaction from long-term or ongoing projects. Montazar, on the other hand, is very deadline oriented and gets his satisfaction from checking things off as done. Based on the Myers-Briggs framework, Kamiya can be considered as _____.

d.perceiving