ch 9

• Goals of the Progressive movement

1. protect social welfare 2. promote moral improvement 3. create economic reform 4. foster efficiency

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Florence Kelly

Active in the settlement house movement and led progressive labor reforms for women and children.

Booker T. Washington

African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality. Roosevelt failed to support Civil Rights for African Americans. He did, however, support a few individuals such as Booker T. Washington. was an educator who established the Tuskegee Institute. Washington argued that African Americans should learn trades that would offer them the opportunity to be progressive citizens. Instead of fighting against discrimination, Washington argued that African Americans should use their education and knowledge to become self-sufficient in American society and not in competition with white Americans.

• Wilson

Born in the South. Inaugurated on March 3, 1913. He claimed progressive ideals, but he had a different idea for the federal government. He believed in attacking large concentrations of power to give greater freedom to average citizens. Did not use federal power to fight off attacks directed at the civil rights of African Americans. Wilson spent his youth in the South during the Civil War/Reconstruction. He worked as a lawyer, history professor, and president of Princeton before entering politics. In 1910 he was the governor of NJ and supported progressive legislation programs like direct primary, worker's compensation, and the regulation of public utilities and R.R's.

George Dewey,

Commodore who gave the command to open fire on the Spanish fleet at Manila. (Phillipphenes capital) Dewey's men destroyed every Spanish ship there.

19th Amendment (1920)

Gave women the right to vote

Valeriano Weyler,

General who Spain sent to Cuba in 1896 when Cuba revolted, to restore order. Weyler tried to crush the rebellion by herding the entire rural population of central and western Cuba into barbed wire concentration camps

Sanford Dole

Head of a government that overthrew Liliuokalani. Dole refused to surrender power when Cleveland formally recognized the republic of Hawaii.

Queen Liliuokalani,

Last queen of Hawaii who realized that her reign in Hawaii had come to an end

Eugene Debs

Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over. The election offered voters several choices: Wilson's New Freedom, Taft's conservatism, Roosevelt's progressivism, or the Socialist Party policies of Eugene V. Debs. Both Roosevelt and Wilson supported a stronger government role in economic affairs but differed over strategies. Roosevelt supported government action to supervise big business but did not oppose all business monopolies, while Debs called for an end to capitalism. Wilson supported small business and free-market competition and characterized all business monopolies as evil. In a speech, Wilson explained why he felt that all business monopolies were a threat.

Open Door Notes

Message sent by John Hay to other countries to protect U.S. trading rights in China

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People equality of races

pros and cons of spanish american war

PROS: Reasonable chance of success - Only about 3,000 US soldiers died during the war, which is a low number(spanamwar). Total size of US army was about 248,000 soldiers and volunteers. Spanish casualties were around 60,000. Waged by a legitimate authority - one of the few times war was actually declared using the correct process. Goal of reestablishing peace - the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1898. The US thought that the Spanish blew up the USS Maine. PROS: Gain naval bases *sea power is the key! Gain status around world/power to acquire land Spread democracy Convert "third world" natives to Christianity Expand Big Business CONS: America annexed Hawaii The US army was not ready to fight in the war. They were understaffed and lacked the skill required to fight. We will look like a bad guy Natives may not like us oppress them (number one reason) If we help countries now, they may EXPECT it

dollar diplomacy

Policy that followed the USA government to guarantee loans made to foreign countries. BY american business people

Civil Rights in the Progressive Era

Poll Taxes Literacy Tests Lynchings DuBois v. Washington women were treated less than men fight for equality among races child labor Wilson retreated on civil rights once in office. He won the support of the NAACP's black intellectuals and white liberals by promising to treat blacks equally/speak out against lynching. He opposed federal antilynching legislation, arguing that these crimes fell under state jurisdiction. The Capitol/federal offices in D.C resumed segregation after Wilson's election. Wilson placed segregationists in charge of federal agencies, thereby expanding racial segregation in the federal government, the military, and Washington, D.C. Like Roosevelt and Taft, Wilson retreated on civil rights once in office. Wilson appointed to his cabinet fellow white Southerners who extended segregation.

Roosevelt

President of the United States from 1933-1945; elected four times during the Great Depression and World War II. Associated with a New Deal to help end the Depression.

• Taft's presidency

Roosevelt pledged not to run for reelection in 1908 - he handpicked his secretary of war, William Howard Taft, to run against William Jennings Bryan, who had been nominated by the Democrats for the third time. Taft never wanted to be president, after serving one term he left and taught constitutional law at Yale for 8 years. After winning the election in 1904, Roosevelt pledged not to run for reelection in 1908. He handpicked his secretary of war, William Howard Taft, to run against William Jennings Bryan Taft and the republicans won easily As president, Taft pursued a cautiously progressive agenda, seeking to consolidate rather than to expand Roosevelt's reforms. The cautious Taft hesitated to use the presidential bully pulpit to arouse public opinion. Nor could he subdue troublesome members of his own party. Tariffs and conservation posed his first problems.

Roosevelt Corollary

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force Teddy said: 1. Europe needed to stay out of the Western Hemisphere (Monroe Doctrine) 2. Adds: Any problems in Latin America, the US WILL INTERVENE to protect it's interest. US is "Continent Police" This is his "speak softly and carry a big stick" foreign policy

yellow journalism,

Sensational style of writing which exaggerates the news to lure and enrage readers

square deal

Square Deal. This term was used to describe the various progressive reforms sponsored by the Roosevelt administration. fair in square

17th Amendments,

The 17th Amendment provides for the election of U.S Senators by the people rather than by state legislatures, 1913. Before this, each state's legislature had chased its own U.S senators, which gave more power to party bosses/wealthy corporation heads. Progressives pushed for the popular election of senators.

Gains of Spanish-American War

The Treaty of Paris (1898) officially ended the Spanish-American War. The United States acquired Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines as territories. Cuba technically gained its independence, but United States soldiers remained in the country for years, commonly intervening in the new nation's politics.

McKinley

Theodore Roosevelt was not supposed to be president. In 1900, the young governor from New York was urged to run as McKinley's vice-president by the state's political bosses, who found Roosevelt impossible to control. The plot to nominate Roosevelt worked, taking him out of state office. However, as vice-president, Roosevelt stood a heartbeat away from becoming president. Indeed, President McKinley had served barely six months of his second term before he was assassinated,making Roosevelt the most powerful person in the government.

Foraker Act

This act established Puerto Rico as an unorganized U.S. territory. Puerto Ricans were not given U.S. citizenship, but the U.S. president appointed the island's governor and governing council. Foraker Act, which ended military rule and set up a civil government. The act gave the president of the United States the power to appoint Puerto Rico's governor and members of the upper house of its legislature. Puerto Ricans could elect only the members of the legislature's lower house.

treaty of Paris

This ended the Spanish American war, in which Spain freed Cuba .Touched off a Great debate in the us. Arguments centered on whether or not the USA had the right to annex the Phillippines but imperialism was the real issue.

• Teddy Roosevelt

Twenty-sixth president of the United States; he focused his efforts on trust busting, environment conservation, and strong foreign policy.

John Hay,

USA Secretary of State who protected american interests, he issued in 1899, a series of policy statements called the open door notes

rough riders

Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War

led up to the spanish american war

We supported Cuba during their Revolution against Spain. We had a lot of money invested in Cuba. (Farms, Mining) Spanish had put Cubans in reconcentrados. These were camps that kept people under Spanish control. Americans objected to this.

• Missionary Diplomacy

Woodrow Wilson's idea of the United States' moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government that was viewed as hostile to American interests.

missionary diplomacy

Woodrow Wilson's policy contingent on the belief that it was America's responsibility and destiny to spread its institutions and values to the far corners of the globe

What territories did the US gain or influence (imperalism)

alaska hawaii cuba phillapeans

Monroe Doctrine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

• Specifically how did the Progressive Era change the role of women in America?

did men's job like industrial work

W. E. B. Du Bois

fought for African American rights. Helped to found Niagra Movement in 1905 to fight for and establish equal rights. This movement later led to the establishment of the NAACP was the founder of the Niagara Movement and later the NAACP, Du Bois disagreed with Washington. He argued that African Americans should consistently fight for racial equality.

Upton Sinclair

muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.

Bull Moose Party

nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912

Carrie Chapman Catt

president of NAWSA, who led the campaign for woman suffrage during Wilson's administration Catt was Susan B. Anthony's successor as president of NAWSA and served from 1900-1905/resumed presidency in 1915. She concentrated on 5 tactics: 1) painstaking organization 2) close ties between local, state, and national workers 3) establishing a wide base of support 4) cautious lobbying 5)gracious, ladylike behavior

Know the four themes of the Progressive Era from class and what they refer to

protecting social welfare/civil rights - woman's rights and pure food and drug act promoting moral improvement - prohibition creating economic reform - federal banks foster efficiency - the assembly line

Platt Amendment

stipulated the withdrawal of US troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish American War

Federal Reserve System

the central bank of the United States

suffrage

the right to vote in political elections

Rough Riders

volunteer soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish American War