Ch. 9 Human Growth & Development

Ideational fluency refers to one's ability to

generate many interesting, novel options.

The cumulative-deficit hypothesis is often used to explain

how the negative effects of an impoverished environment "snowball" over time to create lowered IQ scores

Leo recently retired from working as a mail carrier for forty years, and then unfortunately his wife passed away. What will be most helpful in protecting Leo from experiencing a marked decrease in intelligence over the next few years?

joining a senior activity group

Jose and Debbie are thrilled that their daughter Zoe has started babbling. It sounds like nonsense, but Zoe's behavior would be noted as a milestone on which of the Bayley scales of development?

language

Gardner's theory of intelligence

links distinct types of intelligence to specific areas of the brain.

Victor has been classified as a gifted child by the school counselor. In what aspect would Victor demonstrate a high degree of social intelligence?

maturity

Research on wisdom suggests that

only adults with expertise or experience display wisdom.

Results from the Camberwell Cohort study indicated that for adults diagnosed with intellectual disabilities in early life, the

overall quality of their lives was lower than that of non-impaired peers.

Crystallized intelligence is the dimension of intellect that includes all of the following abilities EXCEPT

recognizing relationships.

One of the unique features of Gardner's theory of intelligence is that it

rejects the notion that a single IQ score can meaningfully assess intelligence.

Graciela likes to say that she is 70 years young. She is quite active and loves to cook and dance, however she has difficulty doing which of the following tasks?

solving a logic puzzle

As an architect, Mr. Gutierrez has an amazing ability to visual and mentally transform a building in his mind. This suggests that he has superb _____ intelligence.

spatial

Baby Joelle is very curious and loves to explore and examine new things. What will be the correlation between this level of information processing and her IQ score in high school?

+.47

Tenisha has an IQ of 137. Within how many standard deviations does Tenisha's score fall from the average?

+3

If the scores from an intelligence test are normally distributed, then you would predict that the largest number of people would receive an IQ score of _____ on that test.

100

Levar is 63 years old. What is the earliest age at which his past IQ score closely matches his current IQ?

11

Ten-year-old James is found to have a mental age of 12. According to the traditional Stanford-Binet Scale, James has an IQ of

120.

Research would predict that _____ would show the largest intellectual declines in the coming years.

69-year-old Grace, who lives alone and is socially inactive,

If the scores from an intelligence test are normally distributed, then you would predict that the FEWEST number of people would receive an IQ score at or below _____ on that test.

70

Jacque is told that he will be taking the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. What type of task should Jacque expect to complete as part of the assessment of his performance IQ?

Puzzle assembly

Reba has been accurately diagnosed as being affected by organic intellectual disability. Which statement about Reba would ALWAYS be true?

Reba's disability is due to some identifiable biological cause.

Using today's standards, how would Wendy be accurately classified as a "gifted" child?

She needs a high IQ score and some special abilities.

Which of the following concepts best reflects the intelligence of a homeless person living in a major urban city?

Sternberg's practical intelligence

IQ scores obtained during adolescence are best at predicting

a person's high school grades.

Mahmoud completed his first IQ test on the WPPSI-IV scale at age 7. This score had a correlation of +.76 with his IQ score at age 9. How will the correlation of Mahmoud's IQ score at age 23 change in relation to his score at age 7?

It will decrease by .20

Some children show a lowering of their IQ during their school years. Which factor seems to be the most common cause of this decline?

Living in impoverished environments

When Denise met with her son Rajon's counselor to get some perspective on why his SAT scores were so low, the counselor explained that Rajon may have been affected by stereotype threat. In general terms, what may have impacted Rajon's performance?

Motivation

Who is demonstrating a high level of ideational fluency?

Nina, who quickly generated a list of 20 novel uses for marshmallows

Which statement best summarizes the pattern of IQ-score change in childhood?

Overall age group stability but large individual variation

Which "home environment" factor seems to be most important for the intellectual development of a child?

Parental involvement with the child

Some children show gains in IQ during their school years. Which factor appears to be the primary cause of such gains?

Parents who foster achievement

Which statement best describes the impact of genetics and environment on a child's IQ?

At age two, maternal IQ best predicts the IQ of a child; by age four, the impact of the quality of the home environment becomes as good a predictor as maternal IQ.

Who will likely have the lowest IQ?

Brent, a pipe fitter

Which item is NOT one of the three dimensions on which divergent thinking is analyzed?

Crystallization

Which statement is true?

During adolescence, IQ scores become more predictable but creativity varies.

Which of the following statements best reflects Gardner's perspective on intelligence?

Each person has unique sets of intelligence that develop at varying rates.

Which environmental change is most likely to positively impact an African-American child's IQ score?

Exposing them to a "culture of tests and the school"

The fact that adults born in the 1980s have higher adult IQs than adults born in the 1950s illustrates the _____ effect.

Flynn

Which of the following accurately summarizes Terman's famous longitudinal study of findings regarding gifted children (i.e., the "Termites")?

Gifted children are well adjusted and morally mature.

If you want to predict later intelligence using some infant measure, which of the following measures would be best to use with the infants?

Habituation response scores

How did Sternberg include the notion of confluence into his theory?

He believed that several factors combined to create intelligence.

One of Carolyn's most endearing traits is an exceptional sensitivity to other people's motivations and moods. According to Gardner, Carolyn would best be classified as having high _____ intelligence.

Interpersonal

Which of the following can we conclude about intellectual functioning across the lifespan?

The speed with which someone processes information is related to intellectual performance.

Which of the following is true of creative children?

They engage in more fantasy or pretend play than other children.

Whose current IQ score would most likely be highly correlated with their IQ score at age 10?

Tran, who is eight years old

Pradeep is about to assess the intelligence of his four-year-old son, Kumar. Which test would be most appropriate him to select?

WPPSI

Which question would be the best method of assessing divergent thinking?

What are some effective ways of studying for a psychology exam?

The primary way gifted children can be identified at an early age is by their

advanced language skills.

Peak levels of creativity tend to occur EARLIEST in individuals who are in the

arts.

Research on aging and creativity has shown that older individuals are _____ than younger adults.

as original and less productive with creative ideas

After years as store manager, Lori is able to go through the nightly closing checklist almost without thinking. Lori is demonstrating which of the following?

automatization

The Flynn effect refers to the observation that

average IQ scores have been increasing.

His steady hands make Dr. Greene a top-notch surgeon. Given this information, Dr. Greene would appear to have a high level of _____ intelligence.

bodily-kinesthetic

Scarr and Weinberg's research on social class and IQ showed that

children from disadvantaged homes could raise their IQs if adopted into middle-class homes with intelligent adoptive parents.

Baby Xinyi is participating in an object permanence activity. On which of the Bayley scales will the doctor note his score on this test?

cognitive scale

Ms. Andrews asks her class to name the person who invented the cotton gin. This question best represents a measure of

convergent thinking.

Mark and Sam are both in fourth grade. Mark's parents earn a high income and Sam's parents earn a low income. In which domain do Mark and Sam likely have similar test scores?

creativity

Kao is involved with a project studying intelligence. During the study, she is first asked to name the state capitals of Wisconsin and Hawaii. Then she is asked to explain the difference between the words "destiny" and "density." Given these tasks, Kao appears to be taking a test of _____ intelligence.

crystallized

Children from impoverished environments may show progressively lower IQ scores over time, a phenomenon called

cumulative-deficit

Which of the following would most likely require you to use fluid intelligence?

deliberating a criminal trial verdict

Julia's IQ is 110. Her great grandson Zack's IQ is 125. Which of the following likely accounts for the wide discrepancy in their IQs?

education

Paolo is studying to be a minister. He hopes one day to lead a congregation and counsel people facing difficult problems related to life and faith. Which of Gardner's intelligences does Paolo likely excel in relative to other people?

existential intelligence

Marya is a participant in a television competition in which she is blindfolded and taken to a remote, unfamiliar location. To win, she must arrive at the designated finish point within 12 hours. What will Marya likely need to draw upon to succeed at this competition?

fluid intelligence

Research on changes in intellectual abilities during adulthood indicates that

fluid intelligence declines earlier and more quickly than crystallized intelligence.

Longitudinal research on IQ change during adulthood indicates that

fluid intelligence peaks and then declines, while crystallized intelligence remains steady well into adulthood.

With regard to experience, Sternberg believes that

the creative component of intelligence is best measured in the response to novel tasks.

By any accounts, Dania is considered a very creative person. What do people see in Dania's work?

value and novelty