Ch 9 Online Anatomy Hmwk

35) High blood glucose sequence:

1.) blood glucose becomes high 2.) pancreas released insulin 3.) insulin binds to receptors on target cells 4.) cells take in glucose 5.) blood glucose returns to normal

38) What does the anterior pituitary produce?

6 peptide hormones: TSH, FSH, LH, GH, ACTH, and prolactin (PRL).

(End of 29) What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor?

ADH (vasopressin)

What inhibits secretion of aldosterone, thereby decreasing blood volume and blood pressure?

ANP

Abnormal enlargement of the extremities is called _____________.

Acromegaly

16) Nick mentioned to his doctor at his annual physical that his skin color was darkening. After tests, the doctor diagnosed Nick with an autoimmune disease that affects the adrenal cortex, resulting in insufficient levels of adrenal cortex hormones. What disorder does Nick have?

Addison's disease

Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of ____________.

Addison's disease

What does the adrenal cortex produce?

Aldosterone, cortisone, glucocorticoids

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of______________.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What does para- mean?

Beside, near, alongside

What stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder?

CCK

11) Which of the following is a humoral stimulus for hormone release?

Calcium ions

What hormones do the intestines produce?

Cholecystokinin

Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face."

Cushing's disease

26) What does acro- mean?

Extremity

What stimulates HCl release in the stomach?

Gastrin

The group of hormones made by the adrenal cortex that regulate sugar metabolism are called ____________.

Glucocorticoids

What stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone so that the lining of the uterus is not sloughed off in menses during pregnancy?

HCG

(#1F) The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called

Homeostasis

Which hormone, produced by the placenta, stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone so that the lining of the uterine is not sloughed off in menses?

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

6) What is the functional relationship between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary?

Hypothalamus synthesizes the hormones stored and released by the posterior pituitary.

5) How does the hypothalamus regulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland?

It secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel through the blood to the anterior pituitary gland.

The gland that produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone is indicated by _____________.

Label B (hypothalamus)

the gland that hangs from a stalk from the hypothalamus is indicated by ____________.

Label C (pituitary gland)

The gland that is responsible for regulating metabolism is indicated by ___________.

Label D (thyroid gland)

The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by ____________.

Label J (testis)

(#1D) Body cells that respond to insulin include

Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.

Which hormone appears to play an important role in establishing the body's sleep-wake cycle?

Melatonin

25) Why don't all body cells respond to a particular hormone?

Only cells that have receptors for the hormone can respond

What does the hypothalamus produce?

Oxytocin, ADH, releasing & inhibiting hormones

(End of 26) The glands located alongside the thyroid gland are called ___________ glands.

Parathyroid

What does adren- mean?

Relating to adrenal glands

What does thyro- mean?

Relating to the thyroid gland

What stimulates the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas and inhibits stomach secretions?

Secretin

What does gluco- mean?

Sugar, glucose

(#1B) A liver cell responds to insulin by

Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen

33) In the second-messenger system, what serves as the first messenger?

The hormone

21) What organ secretes erythropoietin?

The kidney

(#1E) When blood glucose levels are low

The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.

( #1A) When blood glucose levels are high

The pancreas releases insulin.

30) Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using _____________.

The second messenger system

The body's major metabolism hormone, which is actually two iodine-containing hormones, is called _____________.

Thyroid hormone

The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland is called ____________.

Thyroxine

In __________ diabetes, no insulin is produced.

Type 1

34) In ________ diabetes, target cells do not respond normally to insulin.

Type 2

15) Hypersecretion of growth hormone could lead to which of the following conditions?

acromegaly

13) Which of these endocrine glands is located just above a kidney?

adrenal gland

17) Darlene is a 67-year-old woman who has been admitted to the hospital with rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, sweating, and irritability. Her doctor brings the result of diagnostic scans that show an abdominal tumor. What gland is involved?

adrenal gland

A chemical signal to activate the adrenal cortex is called _____________ hormone.

adrenocorticotropic

(#1 at bottom) #2) Which of these is a tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called ______________.

androgens

7) What hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water as urine is being formed?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What hormones does the heart produce?

atrial natriuretic peptide

A hormone produced by the heart, known as ______________, prevents the release of aldosterone in order to reduce blood volume and blood pressure.

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

(End of 34) In ______________ diabetes, glucose levels remain higher than normal.

both type 1 and type 2

In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen?

decreased insulin secretion

24) The efficiency of the endocrine system as a whole gradually declines in old age. Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the endocrine system and body homeostasis?

decreased mental abilities

Jamal visited his doctor to complain about his constant thirst and excessive urination. A blood test revealed that Jamal had low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What is Jamal's diagnosis?

diabetes insipidus

12) How do lipid-soluble hormones carry out their actions at their target cells?

directly activate genes and stimulate protein synthesis

32) Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones?

endocrine system

29) Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?

epinephrine

What does the adrenal medulla produce?

epinephrine and norepinephrine

What stimulates production of red blood cells?

erythropoietin

What hormones does the kidney produce?

erythropoietin, active vitamin D3

#9) What hormones does the stomach produce?

gastrin

19) Which hormone stimulates acid production in the stomach?

gastrin

Without iodine in the diet, which thyroid gland disorder may result?

goiter

Which of the following are symptoms of pheochromocytoma?

heart palpitations

31) Hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete its hormones. How would you classify this type of endocrine gland stimulation?

hormonal

Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called __________.

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

What hormones does the placenta produce?

human chorionic gonadotropin, relaxin

18) Lena is hypoglycemic. To counter this condition, which of the following hormones would NOT be released?

insulin

When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ___________ to decrease levels.

insulin

What does the pancreas produce?

insulin and glucagon

Which two important hormones are produced by the islet cells (islets of Langerhans) of the pancreas?

insulin and glucagon

20) Which hormone is secreted by adipose tissue and helps suppress your appetite?

leptin

(#1C) What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?

liver cells

Justin has discovered he is sterile. Hyposecretion of which of the following hormones might be causing Justin's sterility?

luteinizing hormone

23) Which of the following is a common age-associated condition?

menopause

Which of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus?

moon face

10) What is the main mechanism for regulating hormone secretion?

negative feedback

22) Which of these is linked to the decline in estrogen in menopausal females?

osteoporosis

39) The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ___________ and ____________, that are stored by the posterior pituitary.

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What does the parathyroid gland produce?

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

#3) Which hormones help maintain a relatively constant calcium concentration in the blood?

parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin

4) Which of these occurs when the blood glucose concentration falls below the normal range?

the pancreas secretes glucagon

(End of 38) What does the thymus gland produce?

thymosin

What is the target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

thyroid

14) Julie, who is middle-aged, feels tired all the time and has a hard time concentrating. She always feels cold and despite dieting, has gained a significant amount of weight. The hyposecretion of which of the following hormones is causing Julie's symptoms?

thyroxine

What does the thyroid gland produce?

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin

8) Which of the following is a sign of hypoparathyroidism?

uncontrollable muscle spasms