Ch. 9 project planning and scheduling

true

(true or false) the critical path includes activities that have zero days of float.

true

(true or false) in an activity on node precedence diagram, each node identifies an individual activity and is assigned an activity number

activity relationships

1. which activities must be completed before this activity can begin. (predecessors) 2. which activities can be started once this activity is complete. 3. which activities can be going on at the same time as this activity.

Don't show the interrelationships among the activities

Disadvantage of gantt chart schedules

commercial, civil, industrial

Network diagram schedules are commonly used for _________, ___________, _________ construction projects

Gantt charts

This type of schedule is very easy to understand and follow. They relate activities, and their durations, to calendar days. Is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. It illustrates the start and finish dates of the various activities of a project.

which activities must be completed before this activity can begin. which activities can be started once this activity is completed. which activities can be going on at the same time as this activity.

To figure out network logic you must ask the following basic questions

activity on arrow, activity on node

Two techniques used to develop a network diagram are

network diagram

a common type of construction schedule, also called the critical path method, which depicts a continuous chain of activities showing both activity durations and the relationship of the activities. There are two types, activity on arrow and activity on node

Precedence diagraming

a graphic presentation of a schedule depicting project activities on a node with an arrow that depicts the dependences that exist between the activities.

forward pass

a scheduling technique used to calculate an activities early start and early finish. Must be completed before the project duration can be determined.

backward pass

a scheduling technique used to calculate an activity's late start and late finish.

Administrative activities

activities are mostly associated with contract administration tasks such as permitting, submittals, inspections, and testing.

Activity on arrow

activities are noted on the arrow

activity on node

activity is notated on the node

1. the overall project duration 2. the critical path 3. what activities have float

activity on node precedence diagramming allows the construction manager to determine?

Precedence diagraming

activity on node technique is also called?

short interval schedule

also called look ahead schedules, are developed by superintendents and trade foremen to coordinate activities and manage the work flow over a relatively short period of time, usually two to four week intervals.

mini-schedules

any portion of a summary or detailed schedule broken down into even finer detail.

sequencing stage

begins after all activities are identified (planning stage). It defines the relationship between an amongst construction activities.

detailed schedules

break major work activities down into smaller task so the schedule can be analyzed in greater detail. often used at the field office level to discuss the finer points of a work activity.

Network diagrams

depicts a continous chain of activities showing both activity duration and activity relationship. Also known as the critical path method. Construction activities are dependent upon other activities. Construction activities overlap or run parallel to one another.

Gantt Charts (Bar charts)

do not show interrelationships among activities (cannot not show how a delay in one activity will affect another). Are easy to understand and follow.

Gantt charts

first published as a planning tool around 1910, type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. it illustrates the start and finish dates of the various activities of a project.

summary schedules

group activities under broader headings such as mobilization, site work, foundation, and rough framing. Most often used for management reports and presentations where is is important to convey the overall plan and status of the work but not necessarily all of the details of that plan.

complexity, level of detail

how the schedule is to be used will determine the ________ and _________ that it contains

production activities

identify tasks that are associated with the physical building of the project, such as pouring concrete foundation, structural steel, or hanging acoustic ceiling. Some don't require any physical effort, but they do take time. Another example is procurement activities.

network diagram

impacts on activities can only be shown on ________ schedules

work breakdown structure

in the planning stage of making a schedule you will use the ____________ to organize and identify the work of the project by breaking each division into separate work packages, assembled around the work activities typically performed by a single trade subcontractor or work group.

activities

provide the fundamental building blocks of the schedule. Is a task, function, or decision that has a time commitment, or duration associated with it.

Factors used to determine which schedule to use

size of the company volume of work type of construction project size project complexity computer capability contract requirements

float

the amount of leeway available to start or complete an individual schedule activity before it affects the planned project completion.

early start

the earliest possible time that an activity can start according to the relationships associated with the activity.

critical path

the longest path through a network diagram schedule and includes those activities that have zero days of float. The critical path determines the overall project duration.

network diagrams

the most common type of schedule used in commercial, civil and industrial construction industry today.

sequencing stage

the second stage of making a schedule. The stage where you develop the sequence of the activities that must be completed and which ones can occur simultaneously.

1. planning stage 2. sequencing stage 3. scheduling stage

the three stages for building a precedence diagram are?

Gantt charts and network diagrams

the two most common types of schedules in the construction industry are?

procurement activities

these activities are primarily associated with obtaining materials and equipment.

early finish

this is the earliest time that an activity can finish given its allocated duration.

late finish

this is the latest time that an activity can finish without delaying the projects completion as planned.

scheduling stage

this is the stage that comes after all of the activities are identified and all of the sequencing is figured out, it is time to assign durations to each activity.

the planning stage

this stage is at the heart of creating the schedule. Just like estimating you start with the drawings and specs. Identify what activities need to be completed in order to build the project. Identifies all activities needed to build the project. Work break down structure is used to develop an activity list.

production activities, administrative activities, procurement activities

types of activities include

Special purpose schedules

used to keep track of activities that support the work, such as delivery schedules, submittal schedules, and inspection schedules.

cost

when determining activity durations the _____ estimate is a good place to start because productivity can be determined from quantities already calculated in it estimate.