Ch. 9 Water and Minerals

37. Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from A. water intoxication. B . heat cramps. C. brain cancer. D. kidney failure.

A

68. Parathyroid hormone A. enhances the body's ability to retain calcium. B. increases the body's rate of potassium excretion. C. enables glucose to enter cells. D. signals osteoblasts to release calcium from bones.

A

75. Which of the following blood pressure values is normal? A. 114/70 mm Hg B. 70/120 mm Hg C. 142/65 mm Hg D. 80/120 mm Hg

A

80. Which of the following disorders is associated with high sodium intakes? A. hypertension B. osteomalacia C. diabetes D. fluorosis

A

85. Ricky has prehypertension, because his blood pressure readings are consistently around A. 128/88 mm Hg. B. 117/65 mm Hg. C. 142/92 mm Hg. D. 90/120 mm Hg.

A

9. In the human body, water is involved in A. regulating body temperature. B. making mineral nutrients. C. providing energy for physical activities. D. protecting DNA from oxidizing agents.

A

35. Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary A. water conservation. B. water excretion. C. sodium elimination. D. iron metabolism.

A

4. Dehydration can cause A. death. B. cirrhosis. C. hypoglycemia. D. diabetes.

A

41. Which of the following nutrients is a major mineral? A. Potassium B. Iron C. Zinc D. Iodine

A

49. Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction? A. Calcium B. Cesium C. Aluminum D. Selenium

A

99. Which of the following practices would help a total vegetarian increase his or her iron intake from plant foods? A. Adding cheese to salads and sandwiches B. Taking zinc, calcium, and selenium supplements daily C. Drinking more milk and avoiding in-between-meal snacks D. Cooking vegetables in a cast iron skillet with tomatoes or lemon juice

B

104. Marta is a pregnant woman suffering from severe iodine deficiency. As a result of the deficiency, she has a high risk of giving birth to a child with A. type 2 diabetes. B. ariboflavinosis. C. cretinism. D. phenylketonuria.

C

114. Angela is a 20-year-old college student. In addition to having a history of dental decay, she seems to break bones easily. Based on this information, Angela may need to increase her intake of A. iodine. B. vanadium. C. fluoride. D. copper.

C

119. In the United States, A. artesian wells must be the source of the water that is in all bottled water products. B. bottled water is generally less expensive per fluid ounce than tap water from a public supply. C. it is safe to drink tap water from public water supplies. D. government regulations do not permit manufacturers of bottled water to use water from public sources in their products.

C

19. Extracellular water A. is within the nucleus and DNA. B. provides cellular energy. C. includes plasma and tissue fluid. D. is within cells.

C

24. The _____ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance. A. ovaries B. salivary glands C. kidneys D. parathyroid glands

C

26. Which of the following statements is true? A. Cells produce water as a by-product of metabolism. B. Water and beverages comprise 100 of a person's total water intake. C. Most of the water that enters the digestive tract is excreted in feces. D. In general, fruits and vegetables are less than 25% water by weight.

C

3. Hyperthermia occurs when the body's A. calcium content increases. B. metabolic rate is too slow. C. temperature is too high. D. blood glucose level rises too quickly.

C

34. Which of the following compounds is a hormone that helps the body maintain fluid balance? A. Insulin B. Glucagon C. Aldosterone D. Pepsin

C

39. According to Adequate Intake recommendations, the total water intake for healthy young adults is approximately _____ cups/day. A. 22 to 25.5 B. 4 to 6.5 C. 11 to 15.5 D. 18 to 20.5

C

32. The body eliminates excess water through the A. spleen. B. adrenal glands. C. lymphatic system. D. skin.

D

60. Paul wants to maintain his bone mass. To help him achieve this goal, which of the following activities would be the best for him to perform? A. Stretching hamstrings for 15 minutes daily B. Swimming 15 laps every other day C. Cycling on a stationary bike for 45 minutes daily D. Playing basketball with friends for 45 minutes, every other day

D

31. The body eliminates water through the A. liver. B. lungs. C. lymphatic system. D. thyroid gland.

D

105. The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of _____ in the United States. A. pellagra B. goiter C. hypogonadism D. anemia

B

21. Which of the following substances is a mild diuretic? A. Iron B. Caffeine C. Phenylalanine D. Calcium

B

22. Which of the following substances is a diuretic? A. Calcium B. Alcohol C. Salt D. Iron

B

40. The RDA for iron is 8 mg and 18 mg, for young men and women, respectively. Based on this information, iron is a ____ mineral. A. conditionally essential B. possible essential C. trace D. major

B

57. Which of the following statements is false? A. Estrogen and testosterone are needed for good bone health. B. Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause. C. Loss of height is a sign of osteoporosis. D. Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life.

B

64. Weight-bearing exercises can A. reduce the body's need for vitamin C and iron. B. strengthen bones. C. increase the body's metabolism of zinc and sulfur. D. delay the development of diverticulosis.

B

70. Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance? A. Copper B. Potassium C. Iron D. Fluoride

B

103. Iodine is necessary for A. maintaining normal thyroid function. B. carrying oxygen in blood. C. producing properly-formed collagen. D. transporting proteins in lymph.

A

117. Mario is concerned about the safety of his home's tap water, which is conveyed by pipes from a public source in his community. Which of the following agencies should he contact to learn more about the safety of his tap water? A. EPA B. BPA C. FDA D. USDA

A

14. Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of _____ ions. A. sodium B. iodide C. nitrogen D. hydride

A

15. Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of _____ ions. A. sodium and chloride B. nitrogen and potassium C. iodide and sulfide D. hydride and bromide

A

20. If extracellular water has an excess of sodium ions, A. cells lose intracellular fluid and shrink. B. excess zinc and fluoride ions are eliminated in feces. C. extracellular fluid moves into cells. D. sodium ions move into cells.

A

27. Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight? A. Lettuce B. Avocado C. Baked white potato in skin D. Stick margarine

A

36. In the summer, Ben often jogs during the middle of the day. When he exercises in these conditions, he sweats heavily. The recommended way for Ben to maintain his fluid balance is to A. consume water. B. drink lite beer. C. take sodium tablets . D. rest and restrict fluid intake for three hours after exercising.

A

58. Which of the following statements is false? A. Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life. B. Loss of height is a sign of osteoporosis. C. People with African ancestry have a higher risk of osteoporosis than people with Asian or white ancestry. D. Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis after menopause.

C

59. Monique would like to perform exercises that increase her bone mass. To help achieve this goal, which of the following activities would be the best for her to perform? A. Cycling B. Swimming C. Walking D. Yoga

C

69. Calcitonin A. increases the body's rate of potassium excretion. B. enhances bone tissue loss. C. signals osteoblasts to remove excess calcium from blood. D. enables glucose to enter cells.

C

10. In the human body, water is involved in A. protecting cell membranes from oxidants. B. regulating energy metabolism. C. digesting foods. D. storing wastes.

C

73. Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest risk of hypertension? A. Non-Hispanic white Americans B. Native Americans C. African Americans D. Asian Americans

C

115. In the United States, the plastic used to make water bottles may contain A. acetyl CoA. B. EPA. C. EDTA. D. bisphenol A.

D

118. Alex is concerned about the safety of the bottled water he prefers to drink. Which of the following agencies should he contact to learn more about the safety of his bottled water? A. BPA B. USDA C. EPA D. FDA

D

12. Maintenance of normal intracellular fluid volume depends largely on the intracellular concentration of _____ ions. A. sulfide and bromide B. hydride and iodide C. oxide and nitride D. potassium and phosphate

D

17. Intracellular water A. surrounds cells. B. normally contains high amounts of sodium. C. includes the plasma of blood. D. is within cells.

D

23. While Aaron was at a party, he drank too much alcohol. The following morning, he had a headache and his mouth felt very dry. Based on this information, Aaron was A. displaying the typical signs and symptoms of alcohol spectrum disease. B. suffering from ion overload syndrome, which often occurs after excess alcohol ingestion. C. experiencing the effects of delayed ethanol metabolism disorder. D. being affected by the dehydration that resulted from drinking alcohol.

D

25. The body constantly loses water through the skin as a result of _____ perspiration. A. homeostatic B. perceptible C. hydrostatic D. insensible

D

62. Which of the following hormones is needed for normal bone development and maintenance? A. Estrogen B. Insulin C. Glucagon D. Oxytocin

D

63. Osteoporosis is characterized by A. immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin. B. loss of bone mass and structure. C. defective collagen production. D. keratinization and death of epithelial cells.

D

71. Lola doesn't like to cook, so she eats fast food at least three times a week. When she doesn't eat fast food, she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich. For snacks, she prefers processed cheese cubes, potato chips, and pretzels. Based on this information, her diet is very high in A. beta-carotene. B. potassium. C. vitamin D. D. sodium.

D

72. Which of the following statements is true? A. It is safe to take large doses of potassium supplements, because the mineral is non-toxic. B. "Deli" meats, such as bologna and ham, are rich sources of potassium and poor sources of sodium. C. A blood pressure reading of 165/90 mm Hg is within the normal range. D. Approximately one-third of adult Americans have hypertension.

D

8. In the human body, water is involved in A. providing energy to fuel cellular activity. B. alcohol digestion. C. protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids from free radical damage. D. transporting substances.

D

83. _____ is a major source of sodium in the typical American's diet. A. Unprocessed food B. Fresh fruit C. Tap water D. Salty food

D

89. For the past 4 years, 23-year-old Maggie has been losing a lot of blood during her menstrual periods. Based on this information, which of the following conditions is she most likely to develop? A. Pellagra B. Osteoporosis C. Hemochromatosis D. Iron-deficiency

D

93. _____ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A. Hemoglobin B. Cytochrome C. Ferritin D. Myoglobin

D