Ch. 9(2)

Glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following sets of molecules per glucose molecule?

2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP

Which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle?

3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH2

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) in aerobic cellular respiration?

30-32

For each mole of glucose (C6H12O6) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO2 are released in the citric acid cycle (see the accompanying figure)?

4

Structure A is

ATP synthase

Which of the following molecules is the lowest-energy donor of electrons to the electron transport chain?

FADH2

Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?

FADH2

Of the following lists of electron transport compounds, which one lists them in order from the one containing electrons with the highest free energy to the one containing electrons with the lowest free energy? Note that not all electron transport compounds in the electron transport chain are listed.

FADH2 -- Fe-S of Complex II -- Q -- Fe-S of Complex III -- Cyt c -- Cyt a of Complex IV -- O2

If a mitochondrion ran out of molecular oxygen (O2), predict which of the following situations would occur in its electron transport chain.

FMN prosthetic groups would remain reduced and NADH would have nowhere to donate electrons

is a prosthetic group present in several components of the electron transport chain

Fe-S

Which of the following statements best describes the electron transport chain?

It consists of a series of redox reactions.

Which of the following statements best describes the primary role played by oxygen in cellular respiration?

It serves as the final acceptor for electrons from the electron transport chain

A glucose molecule is completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but together these two processes yield only a few molecules of ATP. What happens to most of the energy that the cell obtains from the oxidation of glucose?

it is stored in NADH and FADH2

The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is

kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient

Energy released from the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrial intermembrane space

Inhibition of which of the following metabolic pathways would result in decreased rates of CO2 production?

oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle

In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by

oxidative phosphorylation

In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes contain about five times the surface area of the outer mitochondrial membranes, which allows for increased rates of which process below?

oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis?

oxidative phosphorylation

What is the correct order of electron transport compounds from best electron donor to best electron acceptor?

NADH -- Fe-S of Complex I -- Q -- Fe-S of Complex III -- Cyt c-- Cyt a of Complex IV -- O2

During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____.

NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space

is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain.

O2 (molecular oxygen)

If pyruvate oxidation is blocked, what is the most likely effect on the levels of oxaloacetate and citrate in the citric acid cycle shown in the accompanying figure?

Oxaloacetate will accumulate and citrate will decrease.

The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is

Oxygen

is a nonprotein organic electron carrier within the electron transport chain.

Q (ubiquinone)

Which of the following statements about the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP is correct?

The chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP requires that electron transport in the inner mitochondrial membrane be coupled to proton transport across the same membrane

Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will fragment the membranes and pieces will reseal to form small vesicles that contain the intermembrane space. These vesicles can transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. Which of the following statements best describes what will happen to the vesicles when NADH is added?

The inside of the vesicles will become acidic.

Inhibition of which of the following processes would reduce or eliminate generation of a proton-motive force in mitochondria?

pumping of hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space

In chemiosmosis, the most direct source of energy used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP is energy released

from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient

Which of the following sequences describes the path by which electrons move from high-energy to lower-energy molecules in aerobic respiration?

glucose →→ NADH →→ electron transport chain →→ oxygen

If the proteins of the electron transport chain were labeled with a fluorescent tag, the fluorescence observed by microscopy will be localized to which of the following regions of the mitochondria?

inner membrane

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by

substrate-level phosphorylation

In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by

substrate-level phosphorylation

Which of the following reactions produces the majority of the CO2 released by the complete oxidation of glucose?

the citric acid cycle

Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain?

the harnessing of energy from redox reactions to generate a proton gradient

Which of the following statements best summarizes ATP use and production in the catabolism of each glucose molecule in glycolysis?

two molecules of ATP are used, and four molecules of ATP are produced

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ acetyl CoA enter the citric acid cycle.

2

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?

2

In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.

2

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH + H+ are produced by the citric acid cycle.

6

Approximately how much more free energy is supplied to the electron transport chain by NADH than by FADH2?

8 kcal/mol

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation?

ATP

is a multi-protein complex within the electron transport chain.

Complex III

donates electrons to the electron transport chain.

NADH

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is correct?

The last reaction in the citric acid cycle produces a product that is a substrate for the first reaction of the citric acid cycle

Which of the following is the most likely effect on the rates of ATP and CO2 production if yeast cells growing in minimal medium lacking glucose are provided with supplemental acetyl-CoA?

The rates of ATP production and carbon dioxide production would both increase.

The electrons stripped from glucose in cellular respiration ultimately end up in which compound?

Water

Which of these enters the citric acid cycle?

acetyl CoA

Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?

acetyl CoA

Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will fragment the membranes and pieces will reseal "inside out" to form small vesicles. The fact that these vesicles can transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP suggests that which of the following components must be present?

all of the electron transport system and ATP synthase

What types of cells carry out ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis?

all respiring cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, using either oxygen or other electron acceptors