CH01-02

Nightingale based her curriculum on the following beliefs:

-Nutrition is an imporant part of nursing care. -Fresh, clean hair is beneficial to the sick. -Sick people need occupational and recreational therapy. -Nurses should help identify and meet patients' personal needs, including providing emotional support. -Nursing should be directed toward two conditions: health and illness. -Nursing is distinct and seperate from from the practice of medicine and should be taught by nurses. -Continuing education is needed for nurses.

What are the common goals of nursing?

-To promote wellness -To prevent illness -To facilitate coping -To restore health

On what do nursing theorist generally base their beliefs?

A nursing theory is a statement about relationships among concepts or facts, based on existing information. Nursing theorist generally base their beliefs on the relationships among humans, the environment, health, and nursing.

Evidence-based nursing is used to help determine "best practices." What is meant by "best practices?"

Best practice means the use of care concepts, interventions, and techniques that are grounded in research and known to promote higher quality of care and living. Clinical field experience and evidence-based research are used to establish the best practices for patient care. Best practices are often provided in the form of clinical guidelines.

Who founded the American Red Cross and took volunteers into the field hospitals to care for soldiers of both armies

Clara Barton

How did training at the Nightingale school vary from the nursing schools in the United States?

In the United States, the students staffed the hospital and worked without pay. There were no formal classes, education was achieved through work. There was no set curriculum, and content varied depending on the type of cases present in the in hospital. Instruction was done at the beside by a physician and, therefore, came from a medical viewpoint.

Who began community nursing?

Lillian Wald

What educational programs qualify graduates to take the registered nurse licensure exam?

NAPNES was formed to standardize practical nurse education and to establish licensure criteria for graduates. Graduates take the NCLEX-PN after the program completion.

Explain the practice of evidence based nursing

Nurses are being strongly encouraged ti seek evidence for their practice throughout their carrers. Evidence- based practice involves using the best scienctific evidence from research to guide nursing care and improve patient outcomes. -It is used to help determine the "best practices." Along with clinical field experience. Clinical practice guidelines are the product of evidence- based practices. To sum it up, evidence-based nursing is there the best research evidence, patient values and preferences, and professional nursing expertise come together.

Explain the difference between total patient care and primary nursing

Total patient care is when one nurse carries out all the nursing functions for the patient, including medication administration, in effort to provide less fragmented care for the patient. It is more expensive. Primary nursing appeared in the late 1960s abd 1970s. In this system, one nurse plans and directs care for a patient over a 24 over period.

The world Health Organization's view of health is?

a "state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absense of disease or infirmity.

A nursing theory is

a statement about relationships among concepts or facts, based on existing information;

health

absence of disease and complete physical, mental, and social well-being

The nursing process

an organized, deliberate, systematic way to deliver nursing care

Clinical practice guidelines

are the product of evidence-based research, and they serve as a way for the nurses to implement the evidence-based practices; the nursing staff adheres to a specific guideline that has been shown with scientific evidence to be safer and more effective

stress

biologic reactions to an adverse stimulus

Expamples of health behavior:

can be defined as any action undertaken to promote health, prevent disease, or detect disease in an early, asymptomatic stage. Some examples include: watching dietary intake to avoid becoming overweight, exercising regularly, immunizations, and regular physical examinations.

etiology

cause of disease

intergrated

combined

holistic

considers the biologic, phychological, sociologic, and spiritual aspects

The first nursing school was funded by

contributions by Crimean war serviceman and their families

Describe how diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) affect payment for health care

created by medicare as an attempt to contain rising healthcare costs; the DRG system means that a hospital receives a set amount of money for a patient who is hospitalized with a certain diagnosis; so many days per illness; adding diagnosis at admission provides extra measure of money for patients care

Evidence-based nursing

describes nursing care that uses the best research evidence coupled with the clinical expertise of the clinician, considering the values of the patient ; to some it up it's where the best research evidence, patient values and preferences, and professional nursing expertise come together

acute illness

develops suddenly and resolves in a short time

susceptible

easily influenced or affected

resolve

ends or concludes

dynamic

energectic, full of activiy

maladaptive

giving the wrong reaction

health maintenance organization (HMOS)

goal is to keep patient healthy and out of the hospital; enrolls patients for a set fee per month; patient or employer pays monthly fee for insurance and small copay may be required with each visit; patients must be referred; part of the philosophy of HMOs is that because the patient does not pay the full cost for each visit, earlier treatment will be sought, and serious illness can be avoided

hygiene

health and cleanliness

feedbak

information given in a response

convalescence

is the process of recovering after the illness and regaining health

health literacy

knowledge and skill making health care decisions

preferred provider organizations (PPOs)

large businesses and insured groups; offer a discount on fees in return for a large pool of potential patients; performs services for a set (capitated cost) meaning they are paid at a set fee for every patient enrolled in the network each year; allows insurance companies to keep their premium rates lower; makes insurance coverage of employees cheaper; patients choose provider from list of PPOs; larger number of providers

reticular

like a net

idiopathic

no known etiology

merely

only

hierarchy

organization from high to low

Name the two levels of entry into nursing.

practical or vocational nursing and registered nursing

Transition to practice

proposal to enact rules by The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN); all newly licensed nurses with be required to complete a transition to practice program that meets the board criteria; involves 6 month preceptorship with ongoing support the first year

esteem

respect

perception

seeing and understanding

chronic illness

tends to develop slowly; can be controlled but not cured; is long lasting; hypertension

intervene

to come between in order to change something

prolong

to continue over a period of time

nonadherent

unable to follow treatment plan

intervene; intervention

verb; noun

motivate;motivation

verb;noun