Ch03 Federalsim

WPA (Works Progress Administration)

key New Deal agency that provided work relief through various public-works projects

Commerce Clause (Article 1, Section 8)

Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution, which delegates to Congress the power "to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States and with the Indian tribes"; this clause was interpreted by the Supreme Court in favor of national power over the economy Categorical Grants: **national gov. gives money to state governments and tells them how to spend that money. (categorizes--> specific) Ex: Special Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program for Women , Infants, and Children (WIC) Mandate: a mandate is the federal government tying funding to one thing based on state compliance with another thing. LINK of Khan Academy Video to Watch: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-us-government-and-politics/foundations-of-american-democracy/relationship-between-states-and-the-federal-government/v/categorical-grants-mandates-and-the-commerce-clause

home rule

power delegated by the state to a local unit of government to manage its own affairs

police power

power reserved to the STATE government to regulate the health, safety, and morals of its citizens

Implied Powers

powers derived from the necessary and proper clause of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution; such powers are not specifically expressed but are implied through the expansive interpretation of delegated powers

grant-in-aid

programs through which Congress provides money to state and local governments on the condition that the funds be employed for purposes defined by the federal government *mandates relate to block-grants only

Necessary and Proper Clause/ The Comity Clause

Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which provides Congress with the authority to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out its expressed powers

________ occurs when a state grants a city the ability to govern its own local affairs.

Home rule

What is one of the biggest problems with federal block grants?

There is a need to be sure that the states are following the precise regulations established by the federal government. What are Block Grants: Block grants are a form of grant-in-aid that the federal government uses to provide state and local governments a specified amount of funding to assist them in addressing broad purposes, such as community development, social services, public health, or law enforcement.

Full Faith and Credit Clause

provision from Article 4, Section 1 of the Constitution requiring that the states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions that take place in another state **addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state."

unfunded mandates

regulations or conditions for receiving grants that impose costs on state and local governments for which they are not reimbursed by the federal government

concurrent powers concurrent=both existing

authority possessed by both state and national governments, such as the power to levy taxes

The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV is also referred to as the ________.

comity clause

The specific powers granted to Congress in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution are called the ________ powers.

expressed

block grants

federal grants-in-aid that allow states considerable discretion in how the funds are spent

project grants

grant programs in which state and local governments submit PROPOSALS to federal agencies and for which funding is provided on a competitive basis

formula grants

grants-in-aid in which a (formula) is used to determine the amount of federal funds a state or local government will receive *to determine the amount of federal funds a state or local government will receive.

expressed powers

specific powers granted by the Constitution to Congress (Article I, Section 8) and to the president (Article II)

Which of the following has NOT been an important contractual topic between states?

state passport requirements

preemption

the principle that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain policy areas; in foreign policy, the willingness to strike first in order to prevent an enemy attack

states' rights

the principle that the states should oppose the increasing authority of the national government; this principle was most popular in the period before the Civil War

Dual Federalism

the system of government that prevailed in the United States from 1789 to 1937 in which most fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments

Federalism

*the division of powers and functions between the national government and the state governments a system of gov. in which power is divided, by a constitution , between a central government and regional governments

New Deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

categorical grants

Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or "categories," of state and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions. ***spent narrowly for defined purposes

Reserved Powers (10th Amendment)

Powers, derived from the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution, that are not specifically delegated to the national government or denied to the states; these powers are reserved to the states ****The Tenth Amendment declares, "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people." In other words, states have all powers not granted to the federal government by the Constitution. *The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved for the States, respectively, or to the people.

priviledges and immunities clause (also known as the comity clause)

Provision from Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution that citizens of one state should be entitled to similar treatment in other states

New Federalism

attempts by presidents Nixon and Reagan to return power to the states through block grants

Which of the following is true about the Southern Manifesto?

Southern officials declared that their states were not bound by Supreme Court decisions outlawing racial segregation. What is Southern Manifesto? **This was a legislative challenge to defeat the Supreme Court ruling in Brown v BOE LINK: https://aaregistry.org/story/the-southern-manifesto-an-assault-on-education/

expressed powers (president)

Specific powers granted to president under article II cannot be revoked by congress. Includes: commander and chief, issue pardons, act as the head of state, execute laws, appoint officials, veto power, etc.

Which of the following statements is true about the Defense of Marriage Act?

The Defense of Marriage Act was passed in 1996.

Which of the following statements best describes the history of American federalism?

Throughout American history, there has been considerable debate about the allocation of responsibilities between the states and the federal government. Dual Federalism/Layered Cake Federalism Cooperative Federalism/Marble Cake Federalism

unitary system

a centralized government system in which lower levels of government have little power independent of the national government

regulated federalism (layered cake)

a form of federalism in which Congress imposes legislation on states and localities, requiring them to meet national standards

devolution

a policy to remove a program from one level of government by delegating it or passing it down to a lower level of government, such as from the national government to the state and local governments

The federal system can be best defined as

a system of government in which power is divided between a national government and lower levels of government.

Cooperative Federalism (Marble Cake Federalism)

a type of federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in-aids have been used strategically to encourage states and localities (without commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals. A.k.a. intergovernmental cooperation

The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV (4) is also referred to as the ________.

comity clause: states that "the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states." This clause protects fundamental rights of individual citizens and restrains state efforts to discriminate against out-of-state citizens. However, the Privileges and Immunities Clause extends not to all commercial activity, but only to fundamental rights.

redistributive programs

economic policies designed to control the economy through taxing and spending, with the goal of benefiting the poor