Ch1-2 Final

43. Match the model name to the method management can be used to boost job satisfaction. Choices: Need fulfillment / Met expectations / Value attainment / Equity / Disposition; Structure the job and its reward to match employee values / Hire employees with an appropriate disposition / Monitor employees' perceptions of fairness / Understand and meet employee needs / Meet expectations of employees about what they will receive from jobs

1. Need fulfillment: Understand and meet employee needs / Met expectations: Meet expectations of employees about what they will receive from jobs / Value attainment: Structure the job and its reward to match employee values / Equity: Monitor employees' perceptions of fairness / Disposition: Hire employees with an appropriate disposition

1. The extent to which employees believe their organization values their contributions and genuinely cares about their well-being is referred to as ?

1. Perceived organizational support

57. Which value is likely to be strongest in people who lived during the Great Depression?

15. Security

15. OB concept can be applied to problem ? to overcome challenges.

15. Solving

16. Potential constraints during problem-solving include:

16. Lack of knowledge, insufficient funds, lack of time

16. Name three key workplace attitudes managers track.

16. Organizational commitment, employee engagement, perceived organizational support

58. List all the ways that Cisco increases employee commitment.

16. Pay very well; emphasis on fitness and health; offer flextime; support for volunteering

20. A concern with acceptable or unacceptable behavior is referred to as ?

20. Ethics

27. Individual behavior that is discretionary and not part of a formal reward system and promotes the effective performance of the firm is called:

27. Organizational citizenship

27. Three types of solution response include:

27. Solving, resolving, and dissolving

71. If an employee values achievement and an employer rewards people for accomplishing goals, the employee is more likely to experience.

29. Organizational commitment

33. Match the components of overall attitude to their definitions. Affective / Cognitive / Behavioral; how one intends or expects to act toward someone or something / feelings or emotions that one has about a given object or situation / beliefs or ideas that one has about a given object or situation.

33. Affective: feelings or emotions that one has about a given object or situation / Cognitive: beliefs or ideas that one has about a given object or situation / Behavioral: how one intends or expects to act toward someone or something

33. Deciding whether behaviors are good or bad, right or wrong, is a concern in the field of ?

33. Ethics

75. A good way to increase employees' commitment is to ___________.

33. Hiring people whose personal values align with the organizations, make sure that management does not breach its psychological contracts, explicitly and conscientiously enhance the level of trust throughout the organization

34. Provide three examples of why people in environment are not static.

34. Opportunities and rewards change people, the job market is ever-changing as areemployers, each new person and their characteristics change a situation

35. True or false: OB and problem-solving are at odds and do not go together when studying OB.

35. False

35. Shalom Schwartz believed that ____________ impact behavior no matter what the context (one blank/one word)

35. Values

36. Which of the following statements about cheating are true? Cheating takes many forms, including plagiarism; Almost 60% of teens polled believe they must do whatever it takes to win; Cheating is limited to students; Most students in private schools cheat, but most students in public schools do not.

36. Cheating takes many forms, including plagiarism; Almost 60% of teens polled believethey must dowhatever it takes to win

78. The extent to which the characteristics of a job allow an individual to fulfill his or her needs is called _________________.

36. Need fulfillment

46. Talking to team members working on a class project about solutions to obstacles can increase perceived ______ control and create positive intentions about doing the work.

4. Behavioral

40. When people express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during a role performance, they are demonstrating ___________ ________________.

40. Employee engagement

83. ______ _______ has a positive association with behavioral outcomes like job performance and OCB.

41. Job satisfaction

84. What are the positively characteristics associated with organizational support in firms?

42. Employee engagement, better job satisfaction, less tendency to resign, more commitment to the organization

44. Select the reasons ethics are important in business. Select all that apply: Most employees agree on what it means to be ethical in business; Unethical behavior hurts relationships and destroys trust; Unethical behavior impacts cooperation and loyalty in a negative manner; Employees face ethical challenges throughout their careers.

44. Unethical behavior hurts relationships and destroys trust; Unethical behavior impacts cooperation and loyalty in a negative manner; Employees face ethical challenges throughout their careers.

87. The fact that at work some coworkers remain satisfied in situations where others always seem dissatisfied is the idea behind ____________.

45. Disposition/genetic components

5. When there is a difference between a goal and the actual outcome, this is known as a(n) ?

5. Problem

92. List examples of counterproductive work behavior.

50. Bullying, drug and alcohol abuse, destroying firm property, theft, gossiping

7. Name the types of solution response

7. Dissolving, solving, resolving

50. Kahn described "the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles" as: _____________.

8. Employee engagement

54. List all the characteristics of telecommuting.

12. Enhanced productivity and retention; decreased absenteeism; 30-40% telecommute for part of a job

70. The concept of equity ties directly to how _____ a person is treated at work.

28. Fairly

31. When a work environment generally matches an employee's values, the which of the following are at their greatest? Positive employee attitudes; Employee motivation; Employee conflict; Positive employee assessments

31. Positive employee attitudes; Employee motivation

73. ________ allows employees to do all or some of their work from home using technology and internet tools.

31. Telecommuting

86. _____ _______ has a negative association with negative behaviors like CWB and turnover.

44. Job satisfaction

1. Problem ? efforts can be adversely affected if the problem is correctly identified

1. Solving

10. Counterproductive work behavior has a strong negative relationship with ?

10. Job satisfaction

2. Kahn described "the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles" as ?

2. Employee engagement

64. The OB definition of ______ highlights how workers can commit to multiple targets or entities.

22. Commitment

28. Values are generally stable and can guide behavior subconsciously.

28. Answered on the sheet

28. The idea behind ? is that you know your personal strengths and weaknesses.

28. Self assessments

32. The best way to increase self-awareness is through ?

32. Taking self assessments

32. The idea that satisfaction results from the perception that a job allows for fulfillment of an individual's important values is: Met expectations; Job satisfaction; Value attainment; Need fulfillment

32. Value attainment

43. Effective managers favor the contingency approach because _____________.

43. It encourages the consideration of many factors that influence behavior and performance.

88. List examples of organizational citizenship behavior.

46. Expression of personal interest in the work of others, constructive statements about the departments, respect fort he spirit as well as the letter of housekeeping rules

89. According to Ajzen, someone's intention to engage in a given behavior is a strong _____ of that behavior.

47. Predictor

90. What are the job dimensions in the JDI tool developed at Cornell University.

48. Work, promotions, pay

91. Gallup has estimated that when employees are highly ___________, it can achieve 12% higher customer satisfaction and loyalty ratings.

49. Engaged

47. Name the element to its bipolar dimension.

5. Openness to Change: Self-direction, Stimulation / Conservation: Tradition, Security

6. The extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals is: ?

6. Organizational commitment

7. Low employee engagement and low performance are examples of ? work behaviors.

7. Counterproductive

20. True or false: managers should try to increase negative effects of stress by decreasing job satisfaction.

20. False

62. The main premise of Schwartz's theory is that actions in pursuit of some ______ have consequences that conflict with others.

20. Values

37. Place each item into the correct category according to the Organizing Framework for Understanding and Applying OB. (Note: some items may belong to more than one category).

37. Inputs: Personal Factors, Situation Factors / Processes: Individual Level, Group/Team Level, Organizational Level / Outcomes: Individual Level, Group/Team Level,Organizational Level

8. True or false: Job satisfaction is not a unitary concept.

8. True

9. OB distinguishes among different levels including:

9. Individual, group/team, organizational

51. According to Schwartz's theory, firms can reduce turnover by _________________________.

9. Matching employee values with values that compromise the organizational culture

9. Personal attitudes are related to behaviors directed towards ?

9. Situations, people, objects

31. Provide three reasons for cheating

31. Low certainty of being reported, perceived unfairness of grading, peer behavior

74. Schwartz's first bipolar dimension includes self-_____ and self-_______.

32. Enhancement; transcendence

34. True or false: Values and attitudes are usually in agreement.

34. True

49. Name all the feelings related to employee engagement.

7. Enthusiasm, Intensity, Focus, Urgency

10. Problem- ? efforts can be adversely affected if the problem is correctly identified.

10. Solving

52. Which of the following can be conflicting cognitions under the definition of cognitive dissonance?

10. Values; beliefs; ideas

11. Eradicating is getting rid of the situation that is causing the problem is known as ? problems

11. Dissolving

24. Widespread corporate corruption has led to: ? and ?

24. Destruction of lives and bankrupting of companies

66. Workplace attitude surveys are valuable for mangers because they can do which of the following?

24. Reveal employee engagement, pinpoint why employees quit, understand job satisfaction

29. Managers track the four key workplace attitudes because they represent important outcomes they're working to enhance, and link to other outcomes managers will want to improve.

29. Answers on the sheet

72. In Schwartz's value theory, values are organized into two ______ __________.

30. Bipolar dimensions

30. There is conflicting evidence regarding which variable, job _______ or job _______, is responsible for the other.

30. Performance; Satisfaction

42. Select personal attributes related to goodwill and trust. Select all that apply: attitudes; leadership; pride; personality.

42. Attitudes; Leadership; Personality

85. List ways to reduce cognitive dissonance.

43. Change your attitude or behavior, find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones, belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior

11. Our Values are influenced by the values of our ? And by the ? We have as children.

11. Parents; experiences

53. The positive outcomes of job ________ include motivation and job involvement.

11. Satisfaction

12. Almost 60% of teens polled believe they must do whatever it takes to win. Cheating takes many forms, including plagiarism.

12. Answered on the sheet

12. An individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting and the thought process that encapsulates this are called: ?

12. Withdrawal cognitions

55. List the ways that POS can be increased.

13. Avoid political behavior; limit work environment stressors; provide job security; treat employees fairly

13. Corporate ? is prevalent even though most leaders are dedicated to operating ethical organizations.

13. Corruption

13. Provide three behavioral outcomes of job satisfaction

13. Organizational citizenship, job performance, job turnover

67. Which of the following is true about attitudes?

25. They range from positive to negative

5. The attitudinal outcomes of job satisfaction include: ?

5. Perceived stress, job involvement, motivation, withdrawn cognition

6. The systematic process of closing gaps between a desired outcome and the actual situation is called ?

6. Problem-solving

48. Losing a good employee to turnover is bad because ______________________________________.

6. The high cost of replacing a good employee; there is a loss of social capital; the loss of valuable human capital

8. When we attempt to meet our goals through a systematic process of closing gaps between goals and outcomes, we are ?

8. Problem-solving

14. Personal values exemplify believes while personal ? are more specific to a situation, person, or object.

14. Attitudes

14. Dependence on hindsight, lack of rigor, and being overly subjective are all elements of ?

14. Common sense

56. When you motivate an employee, you are taking part in which type of process?

14. Psychological

15. Counterproductive work behavior has a strong negative relationship with ?

15. Job satisfaction

17. Identify three personal value characteristics and three characteristics of personal attitudes.

17. Personal value - broad, global, variously; attitude - targeted, via intentions, specific

17. Understanding who you are and what your preferences are can be improved by taking ?

17. Self assessments

59. List the person factors that contribute to employee engagement.

17. Social capital; personality

60. ______ are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior.

18. Needs

18. An individual's perception about the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange between him or herself and another party is referred to as a ?

18. Psychological contract

18. According to the research cited in your chapter, cheating has been found to be prevalent in ?

18. Undergraduate colleges, professional sports, and public high schools

19. Instead of trying to rely on "one best way" to manage, a manager may want to use a(n) ? approach, which calls for using situationally appropriate tools.

19. Contingency

61. Select the situation factors that drive employee engagement.

19. Job characteristics; stressors, leadership

19. There are four attitude and four behavior components found to correlate with ?

19. Job satisfaction

2. Situation factors are very important your job performance.

2. Answered on the sheet

44. Why might companies screen for cognitive ability in individuals during the hiring process?

2. To find individuals less likely to engage in counterproductive behavior.

21. When people express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during a role performance they are demonstrating ?

21. Employee engagement

21. True or false: working for an unethical business will not cause you problems as long as you conduct yourself in an ethical manner.

21. False

63. Only when a firm's favorable treatment is voluntary rather than mandated by an external constraint will it be seen as __________.

21. Organizational support

22. When there are two choices in a situation, and neither resolves the issue in an ethically acceptable manner, a(n) ? exists.

22. Ethical dilemma

22. Individual behavior that is discretionary and not part of a formal reward system and promotes the effective performance of the firm is called ?

22. Organizational citizenship behavior

23. Personal attitudes are related to behavior directed towards situations, objects, and people.

23. Answered on the sheet

65. Schwartz's second bipolar dimension ranges from openness to ______ to _______.

23. Change; conservation

23. The weaknesses of common sense include:

23. Too much dependence on hindsight, absence of rigor, lack of objectivity

24. The abstract ideals that influence the choices we make are called ?

24. Values

25. Name three processes which influence workplace attitudes

25. Individual, organizational, group

25. OB uses both a systematic and ? approach to understanding people.

25. Science-based

26. Low employee engagement and low performance are examples of ? Work behaviors.

26. Counterproductive

26. In the systems approach to OB, person and situation factors are considered ?, while the three levels of analysis are categorized as processes or ?.

26. Inputs; Outcomes

68. Studies show that met expectations are strongly correlated with _______ _________.

26. Job satisfaction

69. Programs that help employees to integrate, assimilate and transition to new jobs by making them familiar with corporate policies, procedures, culture and politics are referred to as _____ programs.

27. Onboarding

29. The field of ? encompasses research and practice from various disciplines like anthropology, psychology, statistics, political science, vocational counseling, and management.

29. Organizational behavior

3. Organizations can promote desired behaviors and it's not CWB's by:

3. Defining desired behaviors, motivating desired behaviors, designing jobs that increase satisfaction

3. OB distinguishes among ?, ?, and ?.

3. Organizational, individual, group/team

45. Name characteristics related to OCB.

3. They promote the firm's productivity; they are voluntary

30. True or false: in selecting problem-solving solutions you should consider various constraints before making a selection.

30. True

76. Human capital is considered a ______ ________ which aids in employee engagement at work.

34. Person factor

77. People who grew up during the Great Depression often favor security and conservation over debt or the use of credit cards.

35. Debt

36. Select all the ways employee engagement can be increased: recognizing people for good work; offering career and development opportunities for employees; listening and communicating effectively; encouraging grapevine communication

36. Recognizing people for good work; offering career and development opportunities for employees; listening and communicating effectively

37. Behavior that harms other employees, the organization as whole or organizational stakeholders such as customer and shareholder is called _________ work behavior.

37. Counterproductive

79. To ensure the highest levels of employee motivation, employers should strive to create work environments that _______ ________ _______.

37. Match employees' values

38. Three main weaknesses of ______ ________________ are relying on hindsight, lack of rigor, and lack of objectivity.

38. Common Sense

80. The idea that we are motivated by the norm of reciprocity is the basic premise of _______ ________ _________.

38. Perceived organizational support

38. True or false: Perceptions of organizational support can be either positive or negative.

38. True

39. Select ways employees can address unethical behaviors. Select all that apply: Accept the need to address ethics at work; Follow peers even if the behavior is questionable; Treat ethics like business strategy; Challenge the rationale behind decisions

39. Accept the need to address ethics at work; Treat ethics like business strategy; Challenge the rationale behind decisions.

39. Organizations can promote desired behaviors and not CWB's by: defining desired behaviors; motivating desired behaviors; supporting all supervisory behavior; designing jobs that increase satisfaction

39. Defining desired behaviors; motivating desired behaviors; designing jobs that increase satisfaction

81. According to Schwartz's theory, an employee who values tradition will not want to work ______.

39. On a holiday

4. According to the organizing framework for understanding and applying OB— Inputs (situation factors, and personal factors); Processes (individual level, organizational level, and group/team level); Outcomes (organizational level, individual level, group/team level)

4. Answered on the sheet

4. The degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior in question is the attitude toward behavior. Subjective norm is a social factor representing the perceived social pressure for or against the behavior. Perceived behavior control is the perceived ease or difficulty of performing the behavior, assumed to reflect past experience or anticipated obstacles.

4. Answered on the sheet

82. The difference between what an individual expects to receive from a job and what he or she actually receives is called _____ _______.

40. Met expectations

40. In choosing among alternatives to qualify a solution, a person is focusing on ____ if he or she considers such things as ethical implications, personal values, profits, and/or company reputation.

40. Selection criteria

41. Knowing which OB tools to use and under what circumstances is referred to as a(n) ________ ____________ to managing people.

41. Contingency approach

41. Individual behavior that is discretionary and not part of a formal reward system and promotes the effective performance of the firm is called _________ __________ ________.

41. Organizational citizenship behavior

42. Select ways managers can increase employee commitment: keep communication between employees and management to a minimum; make sure that management does not breach its psychological contracts; hire people whose personal values align with the organization; explicitly and conscientiously enhance the level of trust throughout the organization

42. Make sure that management does not breach its psychological contracts; hire people whose personal values align with the organization; explicitly and conscientiously enhance the level of trust throughout the organization

45. Select all areas where cheating has been found to be prevalent, according to the reach cited in your chapter. Choose from: summer day camps, undergraduate colleges, professional sports, public high schools.

45. undergraduate colleges, professional sports, public high schools