Ch.1 History and Approaches Review

Wilhelm Wundt believed the focus of psychology should be a. questioning the nature of existence b. studying stimulus-response associations c. determining people's unconscious motivation for behavior d. examining people's awareness of their immediate experience (time)

D. examining people's awareness of their immediate experience (time)

The person responsible for esetablishing psychology as an independent discipline with its own subject matter is a. G. Stanley Hall b. Rene Descartes c. William James d. Wilhelm Wundt

Wilhelm Wundt- 1st laboratory @ Leipzig, Germany founder of pyschology

The psuchplogist who proposed that the study of conscioiusness should be replaced by the study of behavior was a. John b. watson b. Abraham Maslow c. G. Stanley Hall d. Sigmund Freud

a. John b. watson

Michael is having problems relating to other people because he is exhibiting delusions(false beliefs) ad hallucinations. Michael would most likely seek help from a. clinical psychologist b. a developmental psychologist c. an experimental psychologist d. a physiological psychologist

a. a clinical psychologist

The school of psychology that was most responsible for the rise of animal research in psychology was a. behaviorism b. structuralism c. psychoanalysis d. Gestalt psychology

a. behaviorism

Janet trained her dog to sit on command by following this behavior with a reward of a dog biscuit and praise. Janet used the principles of a. behaviorism b. humanism c. psychoanalysis d. functionalism

a. behaviorism ( can be taught "little albert")

Alison believes that individuals learn to be either aggressive or non-aggressive as a result of the experiences they have. Alison's views are most consistent with the a. behaviorist view of psychology b. structuralist view of psychology c. functionalist view of psychology d. psychoanalytic view of psychology

a. behaviorist view of psychology

The term that refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge is a. cognition b. pedagogy c. empiricism d. introspection

a. cognition

The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior was a. functionalism b. behaviorism c. neodynamism d. psychoanalysis

a. functionalism

Liserel is a graduate student who believes that the best approach to the study of psychology is to focus exclusively on the unconscious determinants of behavior. Liserel's view toward the study of psychology match those of a. the psychoanalytic perspective b. the cognitive perspective c. the humanistic perspective d. the structuralist perspective

a. the psychoanalytic perspective

Humanists believe that people's behavior is governed by a. their self-concepts b. unconscious sexual urges c. the outcomes of their responses d. biochemical processes

a. their self-concepts

The psychologist who took the position that organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes and tend not to repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes was a. Sigmund Freud b. B.F. Skinner c. Carl Rogers d. Abraham maslow

b. B.F. Skinner

You are interviewing a new memeber of the psychology depeartment for the university newspaper. The faculty member states: "Internal states undoubtedly exist, but it is not neccesary to draw inferences about unobservable states in order to understand behavior." This faculty member's view are most similar to the views help by a. William James b. B.F. Skinner c. Sigmund Freud d. Carl Rogers

b. B.F. Skinner

The first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology was a. Mary Calkins b. Margaret Washburn c. Leta Hollingworth d. Anna Freud

b. Margaret Washburn

Margaret is an industrial psychologist who advises companies on how to improve worker moral. As a psychologist who attempts to solve practical problems, Margaret would most likely be considered a. an academic psychologist b. an applied psychologist c. a behaviorist psychologist d. a humanistic psychologist

b. an applied psychologist

The area of applied psychology most stimulated by WW2 was a. quantitative psychology b. clinical psychology c. child psychology d. educational psychology

b. clinical psychology

Some researchers have suggested that people currently tend to sleep during periods of darkness because sleeping under these conditions was an adaptive behavior that helped to increase survival among early humans. This is the type of argument that would most likely be made by psychologist who take the a. cognitive perspective in psychology b. evolutionary perspective in psychology c, biological perspective in psychology d. behavioral perspective in psychology

b. evolutionary perspective in psychology

Stressing that psychology should study the purpose of consciousness rather than its structure is associated with the school of psychology known as a. structuralism b. functionalism c. psychoanalysis d. Gestalt psychology

b. functionalism

The theoretical viewpoint that is most closely associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow is a. cognitive approach b. humanism c. structuralism d. biological approach

b. humanism

A psychiatrist typically has a a. doctorate in psychology b. Medical Degree c. Doctorate in physiology d. doctorate in education

b. medical degree

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely cause by a. unrealistic demands from family and friends b. personal conflicts existing at an unconscious level c. genetic predisposition;s to behave in a particular way d. conflicts between conscious desires and environmental constraints

b. personal conflicts existing at an unconscious level

The person who established America's first psychological research laboratory and who launched america's first psychology journal was a. John Watson b. William James c. G. Stanley Hall d. Edward Titchener

c. G. Stanley Hall Driving force behind american Psychology Association titchener is a british (structuralism)

A recently published case study described an individual who showed obsessive behavior. Recordings of brain activity indicated this same individuals also experienced a number of mild epileptic seizures each day. When the epileptic seizures were brought under control using medication, the obsessive behavior also disappeared. The type of psychologist who would be most interested in this case study would be one who had a. an evolutionary perspective b. a cognitive perspective c. a behavioral perspective d. a biological perspective

c. a behavioral perspective

Darnell is working on a computer system that will have full language recognition capabilities. The type of psychologist that could probably give Darnell the most help in developing this computer system would be a. a behavioral psychologist b. a humanistic psychologist c. a cognitive psychologist d. a biological psychologist

c. a cognitive psychologist

The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems is called? a. developmental psychology b. abnormal psychology c. applied psychology d. cognitive psychology

c. applied psychology

The theoretical orientation that insisted on verifiability of observation was a. structuralism b. functionalism c. behaviorism d. psychoanalysis

c. behaviorism

Professpr Vasquez believes that nearly all psychological disorders can ultimately be traced to abnormalities in brain chemistry. Professor Vasquez's beliefs are most consistent with the a. behavioral perspective b. cognitive perspective c. biological perspective d. humanistic perspective

c. biological perspective

Psychology is based on systematic obsevation rather than pure reasoning or common sense. We can say, therefore, that psychology is a. behavioral b. speculative c. empirical d. rational

c. empirical

Nature is to nurtures as a. experience is to environment b. learning is to knowing c. heredity is to environment d. behavior is to doing

c. heredity is to environment

The school of psychology that takes the most optimistic view of human nature is a. behaviorism b. functionalism c. humanism d. psychoanalysis

c. humanism

Which of the following groups of psychologist would be most likely to focus on individual uniqueness, freedom, and potential for growth as a person? a. behaviorist b. psychoanalysts c. humanists d. Gestalt Psychologist

c. humanist

Sigmund Freud developed an innovative procedure for treating people with psychological problems, which he called a. behavior modification b. primal therapy c. psychoanalysis d. rational-emotive therapy

c. psychoanalysis

The school of psychology that focused on identifying and examining the fundamental components of conscious experience, such as sensations, feelings, and images was a. humanism b. behaviorism c. structuralism d. functionalism

c. structuralism ( Introspection) fuctionalism is the purpose

The 1st two major schools of psychology were a. behaviorism and psychoanalysis b. functionalism and behaviorism c. structuralism and functionalism d. behaviorism and gestalt psychology

c. structuralism and functionalism

Melissa is participating in a study in which she is asked to carefully observe and report her conscious reactions to several stimuli. Melissa is most likely participating in a study conducted by a a. humanist psychologist b. behaviorist psychologist c. structuralist psychologist d. psychoanalytic psychologist

c. structuralist psychologist

Introspection was most likely to be used by a. humanist psychologists b. behaviorist psychologists c. structuralist psychologists d. functionalist psychologists

c. structuralist psychologists

According to John Watson, behavior is governed primarily by a. heredity b. personal motives c. the environment d. unconscious desires

c. the environment

Dr. Vasquez has found that many Asians feel uncomfortable with the expression of emotions and disclosure of personal information. As a consequence, Dr. Vasquez has made several suggestions for ways in which psychological counseling might be modified to benefit people from Asian backgrounds. Based on this information, you could infer that Dr. Vasquez investigates a. the biological determinant of behavior b. the impact of evolutionary factors in psychological functioning c. the role of cultural factors in psychological processes d. psychometrics and cognitive psychology

c. the role of cultural factors in psychological processes

Which of the following psychologists would be most likely to stress that each person has a drive to grow and fulfill his or her potential? a. Sigmund Freud b. B.F. Skinner c. G. Stanley Hall d. Abraham Maslow and Rogers

d. Abraham Maslow and Rogeres

Which of the following statements regarding the difference between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist is MOST accurate? a. psychiatrists cannot prescribe drugs b. a clinical psychologists has a medical degree c. Both clinical and psychiatrists receive medical training d. Clinical psychologists tend to take a non-medical approach to the treatment of psychological disorders

d. Clinical psychologists tend to take a non-medical approach to the treatment of psychological disorders

Which of the folllowing individuals is most closely associated with the cognitive perspective in psychology? a. David Buss b. B.F. Skinner c. Abraham Maslow d. Noam Chomsky

d. Noam Chomsky

The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders is called a. counseling psychology b. social psychology c. developmental psychology d. clinical psychology

d. clinical psychology

A psychologist who studies information processing and decision making would probably be considered a a. physiological psychologist b. developmental psychologist c. social psychologist d. cognitive psychologist

d. cognitive psychologist

Empiricism means that knowledge should be acquired through a. logical reasoning b. common sense c. historical tradition d. direct observation

d. direct observation

According to Sigmund Freud, an individual;s personality is largely determined by a. self-actualizing tendencies b. forces in the environment c. striving for superiority d. forces in the unconscious

d. forces in the unconscious

With which of the following statements would a behaviorist agree? a. conscious experiences can be studied in an objective, precise way. b. in order to understand behavior, one must understand the motives behind the behavior c. behavior can only be explained in terms of phenomenology, that is, an individual's interpretation of experience d. psychology should be the science of behavior that can be observed by others

d. psychology should be the science of behavior that can be observed by others