CH12 Lymphatics

The Peyer's Patches are indicated by letter

D

True or False Natural killers are unique phagocytic defense cells that can kill cancer cells and virus-infected body cells well before the immune system is activated.

FALSE

True or False The antibody a mother passes to her fetus is IgM.

FALSE

True or False The final disposal of cell debris as inflammation subsides is performed by neutrophils.

FALSE

True or False The lymph nodes filter bacteria, viruses, and tumor cells from blood on its way back to the heart.

FALSE

True or False The most important function of the thymus gland is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver.

FALSE

True or False The study of immunity and the immune system is called endocrinology.

FALSE

True or False There are three major immunoglobulin classes: IgM, IgA, and IgD.

FALSE

True or False Vaccines provide naturally acquired active immunity to diseases such as pneumonia, diphtheria, and measles.

FALSE

The five major immunoglobulin classes are ______

IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE

The third line of defense involves the adaptive response mediated by ________

Lymphocytes

Peyer's Patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as ___________

MALT or mucous-associated lymphatic tissue

Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body are called _____

Pathogens

The two large ducts in the thoracic region that drain lymph are called the _________

Right lymphatic duct; thoracic duct

Antigens that produce abnormally vigorous immune responses whereby the immune system causes tissue damage as it fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless are called________

allergens or hypersensitivities

Systemic (bodywide) acute allergic response caused by allergens that directly enter that blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bits, is called ________

anaphylactic shock

The major ole of ________cells is to engulf antigens and present pieces of them to the cells that will deal with those fragments.

antigen-presenting

The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cell's surface is called _______

complement fixation

Killer T cells, which kill virus-invaded body cells, are also called __________.

cytotoxic cells

Mucousa Associated lymphatic Tissue (MALT) includes: a)spleen b)thymus gland c)tonsils only d)tonsils, the appnedix, and Peyer's Patches

d)tonsils, the appnedix, and Peyer's Patches

A tropical disease that results when parasitic worms clog the lymphatic vessels is called ________

elephantiasis

Troublesome small molecules or incomplete antigens that may mount an attack that is harmful rather than protective are called ______

haptens or incomplete antigens

AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of the cells called ________

helper T cells

Most B cell clone members become _________ cells

plasma

Large antigen-antibody complexes can become insoluble and settle out of solution, a reaction called _________.

precipitation

Chemical secreted by white blood cells and macrophages called _______ help to increase the body's present temperature to promote a fever.

pyrogens

List of four most common indicators of acute inflammation

redness, heat, swelling, and pain

Cells studded with protein molecules found on our own cells that do not trigger an immune response within us (but may within others) are called ________

self-antigens or autoantigens

The role of the _________ in the lymphatic system is to remove worn-out blood cells and return some of the products of the liver

spleen

The lymph duct is indicated by letter

A

The lymphoid tissues that trap and remove bacteria that enter the throat are indicated by letter

A

The tonsils are indicated by letter

A

Which one of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease: A) AIDS B) multiple sclerosis C) Graves' disease D) type I diabetes mellitus E) rheumatoid arthritis

A) AIDS

Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of: A) T cells B) B cells C) plasma cell D) antigen-presenting cells E) antibodies

A) T cells

The body's temperature-regulating "thermostat" that can be reset upward in response to pyrogens is located in the: A) hypothalamus B) thalamus C) pineal gland D) cerebellum E) medulla oblongata

A) hypothalamus

IgA: A) is mainly found in mucus and secretions such as tears and saliva B) is passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy C) is the most abundant antibody in blood plasma D) can fix complement E) is involved in allergies

A) is mainly found in mucus and secretions such as tears and saliva

Immune sera are used for all of the following EXCEPT: A) tuberculosis B) rabies C) snake bites D) botulism E) tetanus

A) tuberculosis

Where are the tonsils located: a)throat b)beneath sternum overlying heart c)armpits, groin, and neck d)small intestine e)left side of abdominopelvic cavity

A)throat

The lymph organ that programs T cells and functions at peak levels only during youth is the: a)thymus b)spleen c)appendix d)tonsils e)Peyer's Patches

A)thymus

A lymph node is indicated by letter

B

The thymus gland is indicated by letter

B

The relatively common autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroxine is called: A) multiple sclerosis B) Graves' disease C) myasthenia gravis D) glomerulonephritis E) systemic lupus erythematosis

B) Graves' disease

Which one of the following is NOT one of the antibody classes: A) IgA B) IgB C) IgD D) IgG E) IgE

B) IgB

Which one of the following is not one of the nonspecific body defenses: A) intact skin B) antibody production C) the inflammatory response D) fever E) natural killer cells

B) antibody production

Which of the following is often used to treat allergies: A) corticosteroids B) antihistamines C) blood transfusions D) bone marrow transplants E) immunosuppressor drugs

B) antihistamines

B cells develop immunocompetence in the: A) thymus gland B) bone marrow C) spleen D) thyroid gland E) lymph nodes

B) bone marrow

The migration of phagocytes and white blood cells to an inflamed area along a chemical gradient is called: A) diapedesis B) chemotaxis C) immunity D) perforins E) complement fixation

B) chemotaxis

Which one of the following is NOT a method by which antibodies inactivate antigens: A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) complement fixation D) neutralization E) precipitation

B) chemotaxis

Membrane attack complexes (MAC) form holes in attacked cells causing them to burst; this is a result of: A) interferon B) complement fixation C) natural killer cells D) keratin E) phagocytes

B) complement fixation

The specific foreign substances that an individual's immune system has the ability to recognize and resist is determined by: A) individual exposure to the specific foreign substance B) individual genetic makeup C) the total number of lymphocytes present at a given time D) the total number of macrophages at a given time E) the total number of self-antigens at a given time

B) individual genetic makeup

The adaptive (specific) defense system: A) is an innate defense B) issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances C) includes the skin and mucous membranes D) is the body's first line of defense against invading pathogens E) provides mechanical barriers to the body

B) issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances

The specific type of acquired immunity that a fetus obtains from maternal antibodies that cross the placenta is called: A) naturally acquired active immunity B) naturally acquired passive immunity C) artificially acquired active immunity D) artificially acquired passive immunity E) artificially acquired natural immunity

B) naturally acquired passive immunity

The thymus gland is most active during: a)infancy b)adolescence c)middle age d)old age e)the entire lifetime

B)adolescence

Which one of the following is not a mechanism that aids lymph return: a)milking action of skeletal muscles b)pressure changes within the thorax c)the pumping action of the heart d)smooth muscle contractions within the lymphatic vessels e)presence of valves within the larger lymph vessels

B)pressure changes within the thorax

Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver: a)tonsils b)spleen c)thymus gland d)tonsils e)Peyer's Patches

B)spleen

Lymph from the left arm returns to the heart through the: a)inferior vena cava b)thoracic duct c)right lymphatic duct d)left subclavian artery e)aorta

B)thoracic duct

Lymph fluid and some plasma proteins originate (escape) from the _________

Blood plasma

The lymphoid organ that destroys worn-out blood cells is indicated by letter

C

The spleen is indicated by letter

C

A lymph capillary is indicated by letter

D

What specific type of acquired immunity do vaccines provide: A) naturally acquired active immunity B) naturally acquired passive immunity C) artificially acquired active immunity D) artificially acquired passive immunity E) naturally acquired artificial immunity

C) artificially acquired active immunity

Lymphocytes are trained to be self-tolerant of: A) fungi B) foreign blood cells C) body's own cells D) viruses E) bacteria

C) body's own cells

Which portion of the antibody's structure determines its antibody class: A) variable region B) heavy chain C) constant region D) disulfide bonds E) light chain

C) constant region

Allergic contact dermatitis following skin contact with poison ivy would normally lead to: A) immediate hypersensitivity B) acute hypersensitivity C) delayed hypersensitivity D) anaphylactic shock E) immunodeficiency

C) delayed hypersensitivity

The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process is called: A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) diapedesis D) coagulation E) antibody production

C) diapedesis

Which of the following substances is NOT typically perceived as an antigen: A) pollen grains B) bacteria C) self-antigens D) fungi E) virus particles

C) self-antigens

) The body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms is: A) phagocytes B) natural killer cells C) skin and mucous membranes D) inflammatory response E) fever

C) skin and mucous membranes

The inflammatory process begins with release of chemicals, which do all of the following EXCEPT: A) dilate blood vessels B) attract phagocytes to the area C) stimulate release of lysozyme D) cause capillaries to become leaky E) activate pain receptors

C) stimulate release of lysozyme

The lymph tissues found within the walls of the small intestine are called: a)tonsils b)appendix c)Peyer's Patches d)thymus tissues e)intestinal nodes

C)Peyer's Patches

What structure carries lymph into a lymph node: a)trabeculae b)afferent lymphatic vessel c)follicles d)efferent lymphatic vessel e)germinal center

C)follicles

Lymph in the right leg regions rejoins blood flow in the: a)inferior vena cava b)femoral veins c)subcalvian veins d)axillary veins e)common iliac veins

C)subcalvian veins

Which lymphoid tissues trap and remove bacteria in the throat: a)axillary lymph nodes b)cervical lymph nodes c)tonsils d)Peyer's Patches e)thymus gland

C)tonsils

The specific antibody class that has the ability to cross the placental barrier and provide immunity to the fetus is: A) IgM B) IgA C) IgD D) IgG E) IgE

D) IgG

Humoral immunity is provided by: A) pyrogens B) skin and mucous membranes C) interferon D) antibodies E) complement fixation

D) antibodies

Which one of the following is NOT one of the four most common indicators of the inflammatory response: A) redness B) heat C) swelling D) fever E) pain

D) fever

Which one of the following is NOT a type of immunosuppressive therapy given after surgery to prevent rejection of a graft: A) corticosteroids B) radiation C) antiproliferative drugs D) gamma globulin E) immunosuppressive drugs

D) gamma globulin

Regardless of whether it matures into a B cell or a T cell, a lymphocyte that is capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it is said to be: A) clonal B) incompetent C) immune D) immunocompetent E) complemented

D) immunocompetent

The study of immunity is called: A) histology B) anatomy C) pathology D) immunology E) microbiology

D) immunology

The process by which antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins (toxic chemicals secreted by bacteria) to block their harmful effects is called: A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) complement fixation D) neutralization E) precipitation

D) neutralization

Vaccines are NOT for: A) pneumonia B) tetanus C) measles D) snake bites E) polio

D) snake bites

Fever has the effect of doing all of the following EXCEPT: A) denaturing (scrambling) proteins B) stimulating the liver and spleen to gather up iron and zinc C) increasing metabolic rate of tissue cells D) stimulating complement fixation E) speeding up repair processes

D) stimulating complement fixation

Which one of the following is NOT true of the constant (C) regions of antibodies: A) they are the same or nearly the same B) they form the "stem" of an antibody C) they determine the specific type of antibody class formed D) they form an antigen-binding site E) they determine how an antibody class will carry out its immune role

D) they form an antigen-binding site

Blood capillaries are idicated by letter

E

An isograft is a tissue graft donated by: A) an unrelated person B) a parent C) a different animal species D) the same person E) an identical twin

E) an identical twin

Lymph is largely composed of water that has escaped from: a)cytosol b)cerebrospinal fluid c)saliva d)tears e)blood

E)blood

Excess accumulations of fluid, which impair the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________

Edema

True or False Lymph nodes have more efferent vessels draining the node than afferent vessels bringing fluid into the node

FALSE

True or False Antibodies are also referred to as immunoglobulins.

TRUE

True or False Artificially acquired passive immunity is conferred when one receives immune serum for poisonous snake bites.

TRUE

True or False Chemicals secreted by white blood cells and macrophages exposed to foreign substances that can increase body temperature are called pyrogens.

TRUE

True or False Injured cells release chemicals such as histamine and kinins that dilate vessels, attract phagocytes and activate pain receptors.

TRUE

True or False Like all blood cells, lymphocytes originate from hemocytoblasts contained within red bone marrow.

TRUE

True or False Lymph flows in one direction only: toward the heart.

TRUE

True or False Macrophages arise from monoctyes formed within the bone marrow.

TRUE

True or False The lymphatic vessels and cardiovascular veins are similar in that they operate under low pressure and some larger ones have valves.

TRUE

True or False The nonspecific defense by which complement proteins attach to sugars or proteins on the surface of foreign cells is called complement fixation.

TRUE

True or False The process that occurs when antibodies clump foreign cells is called agglutination.

TRUE

The three regions of the body that contain large collections of lymph nodes are the ______

inguinal, cervical, axiallary

Active immunity to tetanus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive _______

vaccines

The region of the antibody that varies from antibody to antibody is called the ______ region

variable or V