Ch.12 mitosis

Kinetochore

A structure made up of proteins that have assembled on specific sections of DNA at each centromere.

Anaphase begins when the cohesion proteins are cleaved.

Anaphase what happened to cohesion?

checkpoints

At certain -----in the cell cycle, cells do different things depending on the signals they receive.

Division of the nucleus

Mitosis

Cytokinesis, cytokinesis, cleavage, cell plate

Mitosis is usually followed by -----. Animal cells carry out------ by -----, and plant cells form a -----.

Density-dependent inhibition, anchorage dependence

Most cells exhibit------- *(crowded cells stop dividing)* of cell division as well as --------*(to divide, they must be attached to a substratum)*

PDGF

PDGF platelet derived growth factor triggers signal induction pathway that leads to cell division, released in area of injury

centrioles

對細胞分裂而言，centriole 是必要的嗎？ In animal cells, the assembly of spindle microtubules starts at the centrosome, a subcellular region containing material that functions throughout the cell cycle to organize the cell's microtubules. A pair of centrioles is located at the center of the centrosome, but they are *not* essential for cell division.

Anaphase

時期最短

cdks

cdks A protein kinase that is active only when attached to a particular cyclin.

Interphase, grows, synthesis, cytokinesis, mitotic

Between divisions, a cell is in ------: the G1, S, and G2phases. The cell----- throughout interphase, with DNA being replicated only during the ------phase. Mitosis and----make up the ------phase of the cell cycle.

Cell cycle

Cell division is a part of the --------,an ordered sequence of enventsnin the life of a cell

Division of the cytoplasm

Cytokinesis

Binary fission

During ------- in bacteria, the chromosome replicates and the daughter chromosomes actively move apart.

Mitosis, cytokinesis

Eukaryotic cell division consists of ------(division of the nucleus) and ------(division of the cytoplasm)

maturation promoting factor

MPF：-------- A cyclin-Cdk complex that causes the cell to move from interphase into mitosis.

Mitotic spindle, centrosomes, spindle microtubules,asters, kinetochores, metaphase plate

The ------, made up of microtubules, controls chromosome movement during mitosis. In animal cells, it arises from the ------and includes ------- and ------ . Some spindle microtubules attach to the ------ of chromosomes and move the chromosomes to the -------at the metaphase.

prophase, mitotic spindle, nucleoli

The centrosomes move away from each other and the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis? ---- early -----shows. The ------ disappear.

Genome

The genetic material (DNA) of a cell-its------- is partitioned among chromosomes.

Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis

The stages of mitosis

Cell cycle control system, cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, checkpoins

The-------- is molecularly based. Cyclic changes in regulatory proteins work as a cell cycle clock. The key molecules are ----and ----- (Cdks). The clock has specific-------where the cell cycle stops until a go-ahead signal is received.

Mitotic phase, interphase

The-----alternates with -----in the cell cycle