ch.17 ch.18

select leader- behaviors in the path-goal theory model

-value based -supportive -achievement oriented

formal statements in an organization are those about organizational

-values -philosophy -mission

behaviors associated with providing support, encouragement, empowerment, and coaching to employees represent

individualized consideration

finding and applying your strengths, seeking coaching and mentoring, and considering a lateral move to another department are good ways to

improve your level of fit.

leader-member relations result in the formation of two types of exchanges: the _____ - ____ and the _______-_______

in-group out-group

select the psychosocial functions of mentoring.

-acceptance and confirmation -friendship -role modeling -counseling

cultural change in an organization can be achieved through changing the firm's ______ because they are easy to recall and perpetuate.

-acronyms -slogans

leaders tend to create more positive LMX's with employees that they believe possess:

-agreeableness -competence -positive personality

select steps one must take to become a better follower

-analyze the gap between your understanding of your boss and your understanding of yourself -understand your boss -understand yourself, including your needs, goals, and expectations

select career functions of mentoring

-challenging assignments -sponsorship -exposure and visibility -coaching -protection

the competing values framework helps managers to do which of the following?

-change an organization's culture -understand an organization's culture -measure an organization's culture

select all of the positive interpersonal attributes from the list

-communication skills -emotional intelligence -agreeableness -extraversion

which of the following can be a good strategy for improving your level of fit? select all that apply

-consider your weaknesses and seek out opportunities for growth. -incorporate your strengths into your role at work -determine whether your values align with those of the company. if not, move on.

select the relationship oriented leader behaviors

-consideration -servant-leadership -empowerment

which of the following are included in the four phases of mentoring?

-cultivation -redefinition -initiation -separation

select the mechanisms for changing organizational culture

-design of physical workspace -role modeling, teaching, coaching -formal statements -rewards, statues symbols and promotions

which of the following are examples of organizational systems being used for culture change

-disney uses big data to track best practices in customer services -hearsay social inc. tracks peer performance feedback to identify competing values -Lifesize communications maintains internal online networks to foster collaboration.

which of the following can be used to send a message about organizational culture using physical space?

-distance between buildings -location of office furniture -physical spacing between people

which of the following often determine the development of subcultures?

-divisions or departments -occupational groups -products and technologies

which statements are true about emotional intelligence and leadership?

-emotional intelligence helps people with transformational leadership -emotional intelligence helps people lead; however, it does not solve all problems

select all of the task-oriented traits from the list

-emotional stability -intelligence -open to experience -conscientiousness

select all that can be impacted by organizational culture.

-employee attitudes -performance -organizational effectiveness

the three phases in Daniel Feldman's Organizational Socialization model are:

-encounter -change and acquisition -anticipatory socialization

select the three levels of organizational culture

-espoused values -basic underlying assumptions -observable artifacts

select the three emotional responses followers want leaders to foster

-excitement -community -significance

select the mechanisms for changing organizational culture

-formal statements -role modeling, teaching, coaching -rewards, status symbols and promotions -design of physical workspace

which of the following are steps in the general strategy of applying contingency leadership theories?

-identify relevant leadership behaviors -identify situational conditions -identify important outcomes

select the important characteristics of organizational culture

-impact outcomes at multiple levels -shared concept -learned over time -influences our behavior at work

what are the implications of LMX theory?

-initiatives to improve poor LMX are critical -diversity must be embraced -expectations must be clear

Bernard bass associated which of the following behaviors with leaders?

-inspiring others -creating vision and strategic plans -rallying employees around a common goal

select the four basic skills for leadership

-interpersonal skills -strategic skills -cognitive abilities -business skills

important takeaways from trait theory include that

-it can be important to hiring and promoting decisions -having a "global mindset" is important -traits impact leader effectiveness

select how leaders can create psychological empowerment

-lead for competence -lead for progress -lead for meaningfulness

select the mechanisms for changing organizational culture

-leader reactions to crisis -slogans, acronyms, sayings -activities, processes, outcomes -stories, legends, myths

select key take-aways from Fiedler's model

-leadership effectiveness goes beyond train and behaviors -leaders need to modify their style to fit the situation -firms should aim to hire or promote people whose leadership style fit situational demands

select all of the negative interpersonal attributes from the list

-machiavellianism -narcissism -psychopathy

one lesson from the competing values framework is that innovation and operational outcomes are linked to characteristics associated with which of the following cultures?

-market -clan -adhocracy

according to research, which of the following are differences found among men and women leadership roles?

-men are task-oriented, while women are relationship-oriented -men use an autocratic style, while women use a participative style.

low leader-member relationships result in out-group exchanges that are characterized by:

-more formality in reward negotiations -more formality in expectations -less trust and respect

high LMX relationships create which of the following?

-mutual obligation -trust

practical guidelines derived from socialization research include which of the following?

-new hires are positively affected by formalized socialization procedures -socialization tactics can reinforce ethical behaviors -stresses of a new environment can be reduced for employees

examples of laissez-faire leadership include:

-not giving performance feedback -ignoring bullying -not guiding employees in their work

select implications of social networking systems

-number and quality of contacts will influence career success -create a mentoring plan -network should align with career goals

select the inputs to leader behavior as illustrated by the model of transformational leadership

-organizational culture -life experiences -traits

select the four functions of organizational culture

-organizational identity -collective commitment -social system stability -sense-making device

leaders can send a strong message about acceptance norms and behaviors by paying special attention to what they can measure such as

-outcomes -processes -activities

select typical characteristics of transformational leaders

-proactive -extraverted -agreeable

what are the three types of potential followers?

-rebels -independents -helpers

which of the following are characteristics of ethical leadership

-rewarding ethical behavior -projecting ethical values to others -treating employees with concern

select the mechanisms for changing organizational culture

-rite and rituals -organizational goals -systems and procedures -work flow and structure

select characteristics of servant-leadership

-stewardship -awareness -healing -listening

which forms of language help reinforce characteristics of a desired culture?

-stories about key people -myths about company history -legends about important events

select criteria that relate to high control and therefore a task-oriented approach to leadership

-strong position power -good leader-member relations -high task structure

select leader behavior in the path-goal theory model

-supportive -achievement oriented -value based

select employee characteristics in the path-goal theory model

-task ability -need for clarity -need for achievement -locus of control

select the leader behaviors in the integrated model of leadership

-task-oriented -transformational -passive -relationship-oriented

which of the following conditions lead to more positive outcomes for the person being mentored?

-the mentoring relationship is formal -the mentor is a skilled coach -both individuals have sufficient emotional intelligence

select the types of task-oriented leadership

-transactional leadership -initiating structure

select managerial implications for transformational leadership

-transformational leadership works virtually -inspirational motivation should be considered the first step -the best leaders are not JUST transformational

select the interpersonal relationship variables that have the greatest effect on LMX

-trust -like each other -similar to each other

of the following, who is best known for their writing on organizational culture?

Edgar schein

one take-away from path-goal theory is that leaders need to help employees

achieve their goals

companies with a ______ culture have an external focus and value flexibility

adhocracy

the phrase of organizational socialization that occurs before an individual actually joins an organization _____ socialization.

anticipatory

organizational values that have become so taken for granted over time that they become assumptions that guide organizational behavior are called;

basic underlying assumptions

which of the following approaches tries to find the unique behaviors that effective leaders have?

behavioral styles

the ______ phase of the organizational socialization process requires employees to master important task and roles and to adjust their work group's values and norms.

change in acquisition

A form of interpersonal attraction that inspires acceptance, devotion, and enthusiasm is called _____

charisma

a form of interpersonal attraction that inspires acceptance, devotion, and enthusiasm is called

charisma

companies with a ____ culture have an internal focus and value flexibility rather than stability and control.

clan

two organizational cultures with opposing core values are the _____ culture with emphasis on internal focus and flexibility and the _______ culture which emphasizes an external focus with structure and control.

clan market

the idea that culture facilitates collective ____ is exemplified when Southwest Airlines employees all deliver customer service with warmth, friendliness and individual pride.

committment

leader behavior associated with creating mutual respect or trust while concentrating on the group members' needs and desires is called ___________

consideration

as situations change, different styles of leadership become appropriate. This is the basic premise of ______ theories

contingency

the theory that says a leader's effectiveness depends on how well a leader's style fits characteristics of the situation at hand is called:

contingency

according to Edgar Schein, the most important role of an organization's leader is

creating and managing organizational culture

organizational ____ influences the type of organizational structure adopted by a company.

culture

the set of implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments is called organizational _____

culture

which mechanism for culture change most closely corresponds with Keller williams realty inc's emphasis on employee growth and development?

deliberate role modeling, training, teaching and coaching.

in terms of relationship, women use a more _____ style while men use a more ____ style

democratic; autocratic

the trait approach to leadership

distinguishes the characteristics that can be used to separate leaders from followers

according to behavioral styles theory, leader behavior is more important than leader traits when it comes to ___

effectiveness

one of the conclusions of the competing values framework is that organizational culture is related to measures of organizational

effectiveness

the ability to manage oneself and one's relationships in a mature and constructive way is called _________ _______.

emotional intelligence

___________ __________ represents the extent to which a leader creates perceptions of psychological empowerment in others.

empowering leadership

the values and norms that actually are exhibited or converted into employee behavior are called ______ values.

enacted

during the ___ phase of the three phase socialization process, employees come to learn what the organization is really like.

encounter

how might a manager reinforce an adhocracy culture using work flow and organizational structure?

encouraging brainstorming meetings

it is important for managers to reduce gaps between _______ and ____ values because the gap can influence attitudes and performance.

espoused and enacted

it is important for managers to reduce gaps between _______ and ______ values because the gap can influence attitudes and performance.

espoused and enacted

the second level of organizational culture is ________ ______

espoused values

which type of leadership revolves around being a moral role model?

ethical

a firm with a ___ culture is more likely to develop reliable internal processes, extensive measurement and implement a variety of control mechanisms.

hierarchy

one way to perpetuate a firm's culture is to:

hire those with strong person-organization fit

which of the following terms refers to a person's productive potential, based on knowledge, skills and experiences?

human capital

the goal to install pride, respect and trust within employees is called ______ _______

idealized influence

culture provides employees with an organizational ___

identity

in transformational leadership, behaviors associated with providing support, encouragement, empowerment and coaching to employees are called ________ __________

individualized consideration

what type of leader behavior is displayed when the president of the photography club asks the yearbook committee for guidance in what kind of candid pictures are needed?

initiating structure

the use of charisma to establish a attractive vision of the future, using emotional arguments and exhibiting optimism and enthusiasm is called _________ ________

inspirational motivation

behaviors that encourage employees to look for innovative solutions to organizational problems are called

intellectual stimulation

in support of Fiedler's model, studies have found that too much task-oriented leader behavior

is viewed negatively by employees

leadership in which there is a general failure to take responsibility for leading is called

laissez-faire

the theory which assumes that leaders develop unique relationships with each of the people reporting to them is called _______ - _______ ______.

leader- member exchange (LMX)

select the statements that are true regarding culture and change.

leaders are the architects and developers of organizational changeuse a structured approach when considering culture and changebe sure culture fits the vision and mission of the firm changing culture starts with targeting one of the three levels of organizational culture

when an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal it is called

leadership

Bernard bass concluded that leaders do the managing, whereas managers do the what?

leading

when employees understand why the firm does what it does and how it intends to accomplish its long term goals, the culture is said to be helping members

make sense of their surroundings

who typically perform functions associated with planning, investigating, organizing, and controlling?

managers

companies with a ___ culture have a strong external focus and value stability and control.

market

the competing values framework teaches us that companies with a ___ culture tend to have more positive organizational outcomes.

market

proper ____ can create a sense of oneness and membership in a firm and thus significantly influence the protege's career

mentoring

researchers determine leadership characteristics by using a statistical procedure called _______ -________ , which computes an average relationship between two variables.

meta-analysis

a person who has a self-centered perspective, feelings of superiority, and a drive for personal power and glory is referred to as _____

narcissistic

what kinds of emotions tend to travel faster and farther within an organization?

negative emotions

companies are using electronic ____ as a tool to promote different types of culture.

networks

the first level of organizational culture is __________ __________

observable artifacts

organizational identify, collective commitment, social system stability and sense-making device are the four functions of __________ _______.

organizational culture

the process by which a person learns the values, norms, and required behaviors which permit him to participate as a member of the organization is called

organizational socialization

the theory which states that leader behaviors are effective when employees see them as a source of satisfaction is called

path-goal

research suggests that the emotions exhibited by leaders cause employees to

pay attention and learn

the compatibility between an individual and a work environment that occurs when their characteristics well matched is called _______ - ______ fit.

person environment

what term refers to the measures of compatibility between your personality and values and the climate and culture of an organization?

person-organization fit

a mental representation of the traits and behaviors that people believe are possessed by leaders is called a leadership ______

prototype

giving recruits a realistic idea of what lies ahead by presenting both positive and negative aspects of the job is called:

realistic job preview

because they are meaningful and visible, _____ ______ are considered one of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture.

reward systems

because they are meaningful and visible, ______ _____ are considered one of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture.

rewards systems

the planned and unplanned activities and ceremonies that are used to celebrate important events or achievements are called ____________ and ____________.

rites and rituals

because it offers growth opportunities to employees, __________ -leadership is expected to promote leadership effectiveness.

servant

a focus on increased service to others rather than oneself is called

servant leadership

which term refers to the productive potential of relationships, goodwill, trust, and cooperative effort?

social capital

when the work environment is perceived as positive and reinforcing, a firms culture is said to promote ____ ____ stability.

social system

which kind of reward would be best suited for a clan culture?

stock shares that increase when an entire division performs well

a company's ability to make a profit without sacrificing the resources of its people, the community and the planet is called:

sustainability

according to Fiedler, a leadership's style is either __________- motivated as he or she is focused on accomplishing goals or _________ - motivated as he or she is more interested in developing relations with followers.

task relationship

according to Fiedler, the two leadership styles are:

task oriented and relationship oriented

effective leadership is affected by a combination of

task-oriented traits and interpersonal attributes

why might a company choose an open office layout?

to foster collaboration and innovation

what behavior do leaders use when they clearly explain employees' roles and task requirements and provide positive and negative rewards based on the employees' performance?

transactional leadership

when tom installed controls for things such as accounting procedures and inventory audits and then rewarded his employees for using the system, he was instituting _______ ____

transactional leadership

by appealing to followers' values, motives, and personal identity, ______ leaders transforms followers to pursue organizational goals over self-interests

transformational

leaders who are ____ use behaviors that appeal to followers' self-concepts

transformational

true or false: formal statements of organizational philosophy can embed culture when used for recruiting

true

the competing ____ framework was first developed by researchers trying to classify different ways to assess organizational effectiveness.

values

a __ represents a long-term goal that describes what an organization wants to become and a ___ ___ outlines an organizations long-tom goals and the actions necessary to achieve those goals.

vision; strategic plan