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Which Of the following statements accurately describe how the Clean Water Act has affected water quality in the United States? (Select all that apply.)

Over 90 percent of the EPA monitored river miles are now considered suitable for their designated use. Fish and aquatic insects can now be found in water bodies once devoid of life. d bv oublic health

Which of the following are the three major human-caused ocean pollution sources?

Plastic garbage Toxic chemicals \Oil spills from tanker accidents

What are the major sources Of organic pollutants? (Select all that apply.)

V Improper disposal of industrial waste Improper disposal of household waste Runoff of pesticides from farm fields and golf courses

Which Of the following statements most accurately reflects the safety Of bottled water versus municipal (tap) water? (Select all that apply.)

Water quality standards for bottled water are much less rigorous than tap water. Bottled water is sometimes sourced from groundwater aquifers, which may not be tested for quality. Tests have found that some bottled water contains pathogens or toxins that are routinely tested for in tap water.

Cultural eutrophication is the increase in biological productivity in a body of water caused by human-related activities, such as fertilizer runoff or the discharge of nutrient-rich sewage.

cultral

pollutants are scattered or diffuse, having no specific location where they discharge into a particular body of water.

nonpoint source

The Superfund program

provides many jobs for environmental scientists is designed to rapidly respond to emergency situations requiring monitoring, remediation, and restoration Of polluted land or waterways was established by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCI-A)

A thermal plume is a column of heated water that is discharged into rivers and lakes, which can change water temperatures and disrupt ecosystems. The source of the heated water can be a power generation plant.

thermal

If a state sets a daily limit of 0.05 mg/l of total phosphorus that a lake is allowed to receive, this would be an example Of a

tmdl

Despite the passing of the Clean Water Act in 1972, some sources of water pollution have grown worse since then including . (Select all that apply.)

toxic airborne compounds (i.e., runoff from construction sites agricultural runoff

Point sources for pollution can include

underground coal mines \sewage treatment plants oil wells

the following, which is most likely the leader in contaminating groundwater with toxins?

Agricultural chemicals and wastes

How do humans cause thermal pollution'

By altering runoff patterns By altering vegetation cover With the ten By discharging heated water

Which Of the following statements accurately reflect how the Clean Water Act has impacted water quality in the United States? (Select all that apply.)

In the 1960s, Lake Erie was considered a 'dead" water body. Today the lake supports millions of walleye. Chattanooga Creek, Tennessee, was once designated a Superfund site. Today it has been cleaned up and is a major area of recreation. ecologically healthy. The Mississippi River was once almost designated an open sewer. Today the river supports many healthy populations of aquatic insects and fish.

How does excess sediment in water cause problems?

It can increase the cost of water purification. It can obstruct shipping channels.

What was the likely source Of ethylene dibromide (EDB) in Florida drinking water wells?

Spraying by farmers to protect their crops

Why do supporters Of the Clean Water Act still want to see it changed?

Supporters want stricter enforcement of existing regulations because many polluters are not being penalized for releasing pollutants. Supporters want the act strengthened. Supporters do not want attention to only be paid to outputs of pollutants but to using less-toxic substances to begin with.

What piece Of legislation aims to provide permanent remedies for abandoned or inactive sites that contain dangerous toxic waste?

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

A main source of pathogens in water is . (Mark all that apply.)

animal waste from feedlots untreated or improperly treated human waste

How are thermal plumes created, resulting in thermal pollution?

by discharging a large amount of heated water into a river or lake for the gneneration plant

Some people are unhappy with the Clean Water Act because

certain "unfunded mandates" require state or local governments to spend money that is not repaid by Congress governments, farmers, land developers, and industries have been forced to change their operations, often costing them money the protections afforded to wetlands have prevented the development of lands for other purposes

The ten worst polluted cities in of wastewater are produced each day. are all located in Shanxi province, where 3 million tons

china

When organic pollutants, such as dioxin, accumulate in the tissues Of salmon or humans, they

disrupt endocrine hormone

Although the Clean Water Act has helped to considerably reduce pollution from sources of pollution have actually increased since 1972. other

factories

Some species find thermal plumes attractive because

find food and shelter

A total maximum daily load (TMDL) is a(n)

goal set for the amount of a particular pollutant that a water body can receive from point and nonpoint sources

Acid pollution in aquatic environments

has caused environmental damage in about 200 lakes in the Adirondack Mountains may cause increased leaching Of toxic metals from soil and rocks kills off sensitive aquatic species

Eutrophication often has undesirable effects on water bodies, such as

increases in bacterial populations 'blooms" of algae or aquatic plants cloudy or turbid water

The "dead zone"

is an area off the Gulf Coast where oxygen levels are too low to support higher trophic levels of life has impacted Gulf Coast fisheries by limiting areas where fish, oysters, and shrimp can be caught results from eutrophication events caused by agricultural runoff

Metal pollution in water most commonly comes from

leaching and drainage of mine waste coal-burning power plants

Oligotrophic waters have

low nutrient levels low biological productivity clear waters

A bloom of deadly aquatic microorganisms, known as are common in slow-moving waters, estuaries, and bays where nutrients and wastes wash down out of rivers.

red tides

goal set for the amount of a particular pollutant that a water body can receive from point and nonpoint sources

run off from a golf course

What are the present challenges to achieving national goals in water quality in the United

sediment nutrients pathogens

Fish populations may decline when excess eggs. smother gravel beds where fish lay their

sediments

Some nonmetallic salts, such as may be nontoxic at low concentrations but can reach toxic levels when they are mobilized by irrigation and then concentrated by evaporation.

sodium chloride

Organic pollutants include

some chemicals used to make drugs or pharmaceuticals some chemicals used to make pesticides

Water with a high oxygen content (greater than 6 ppm) will good water quality. which is an indicator of

support game fish