Ch.1&7

Describe the location of the mediastinum relative to the diaphragm.

The pericardial cavity is located within the mediastinum and contains the heart . It is superior to the diaphragm (pg.9)

Describe how a sagittal plane divides the human body.

The sagittal plane divides the body lengthwise into right and left portions. (pg.7)

Which body system is tasked with moving the skeleton and maintaining posture?

The skeletal muscles attach to the bones and are responsible for movement of the skeleton and maintenance of body posture. (pg.3)

Identify the system responsible for forming the body's basic structure and playing a key role in protecting and supporting body organs.

The skeletal system forms the basic framework of the body. It consists primarily of bones, joints and cartilage. It protects organs and enables us to move around. (pg.3)

What is the primary role of the immune system?

To recognize and destroy foreign molecules, invading microbes and their products, and mutant or damaged cells

How do you access a skin turgor?

Turgor: Elasticity of the skin. grasp and raise two fingers to check it. decrease turgor is due to dehydration. manifested by lax skin returns to its previous position is called skin tenting.

How does the lymphatic system assist in body defenses alongside the immune system?

lymph and lymphatic structures play an important role in fluid balance and in defense of the body against pathogens and other foreign material. The immune system also protects the body not only from pathogens but also from allergies such as pollens, bee venom, and some of our own cells that have gone awry (cancer cells) (pg.6)

What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

the integumentary system consists of skin and related structures, such as hair and nails. (pg.3)

In a client with partial-thickness and full-thickness burns of the head, neck, and chest, what should be the nurse's priority concern?

Burns are classified according to the depth of the burn and extent surface area burned. (pg.105)

What condition results from chronic poor oxygenation of the nail and fingertip?

Chronic lung and heart disease cause clubbing, a condition indicating that the fingertips have received an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood over a period of time. Clubbing changes fingertips and nails. They become thick, hard, and shiny and curved and free at the end. If it is severe clubbing it will detach from base. (pg.101)

What common factor links the terms pathology, pathogen, and pathophysiology?

Disease

Name the layers that are part of the integumentary system. (Select all that apply)

Forms a covering for the body, helps to regulate body temperature, and contains some of the structures necessary for sensation. The skeletal system, The muscular system, and nervous system (pg.3)

Identify the accessory structures associated with the skin. (Select all that apply)

Hair, Nails, Glands, (Sebaceous Glands, Sudoriferous Gland, Apocrine Gland, Eccrine Gland, Ceruminous Gland) (pg.101-102)

What is the term for the process of generating heat through physiological means, like shivering?

Heat production (pg.103)

What term is used to describe the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions?

Homeostatis (pg.6)

What is the purpose of the digestive system, especially in relation to food processing and waste elimination?

In the digestive system food that is not absorbed is eliminated as waste. (pg.6)

Where is the sternal area located in the human body?

It is the central part of the chest

What is the priority action when collecting data about a new skin lesion in a client?

Note any skin lesions or evidence of other skin impairments. Document their size, shape color, pattern and location and any presence of exudate (pg.331)

What is the primary cause of non-melanoma skin cancer, as identified in health education?

Over exposure to Ultra Violet Lights (UV)

Describe the main function of the respiratory system, focusing on gas exchange.

Oxygen-rich air moves into the lungs; the oxygen is picked up by the blood and distributed throughout the body. Carbon dioxide-rich air moves out of the lungs thereby ridding the body of waste. (pg.6)

What is the front of the knee (over the knee) called?

Patela/r

What term describes a bruise or a collection of clotted blood under the skin?

Poorly oxygenated blood has a bluish tinge and causes the skin to look blue. The condition is called Cyanosis. (Pg.98)

In anatomical terminology, what is the opposite term to 'distal'?

Proximal; which means that the structure is nearer to the point of attachment, often the trunk of the body. (pg.7)

Define the terms pyrexia, antipyretic, and pyrogenic.

Pyrexia- increase in temp. fever Antipyretic: A substance that reduces fevers. Pyrogennic: Is the production or generation of pus.

What is the main function of the system responsible for circulating blood throughout the body?

The circulatory system consists of the blood, heart and blood vessels. The system pumps (heart) and transports (blood vessels) blood throughout the body. (pg.3)

Which system is primarily involved in secreting hormones that regulate activities such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and water balance?

The endocrine is primarily involved in secreting hormones that regulate activities such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and water balance. (pg.3)

Explain the orientation and division created by the frontal plane in the body.

The frontal plane also known as (coronial plane) divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions. It also creates the front and back part of the body. (pg.7)

List the various functions of the integumentary system. (Select all that apply)

The integumentary system consists of skin and related structures, such as hair and nails. It also forms a covering for the body, helps to regulate body temperature, and contains some of the structures necessary for sensation. (pg.3)

What plane divides the body into equal right and left portions?

The midsagittal plane (pg.7)

Name the system that encompasses the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs.

The nervous system is made up of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs. (pg.3)

Which skin condition can indicate liver disease due to bilirubin accumulation?

A person with liver disease is unable to excrete a pigment called bilirubin. The pigment on the skin causes it to turn yellow- a condition known and jaundice. (pg.98)