Ch.2 Factors Influencing Community Health

What are the social determinants of health?

- factors in a community that have an influence on an individuals health

Environmental health

1. the influence of environmental conditions on a population. 2. can affect the risk for the development of disease or injury.

What are 4 environmental risks?

1. toxins 2. air pollution 3. water pollution 4. contamination

Individuals who focus on the past or present can have little interest in health promotion behaviors.

True

Culture competence

a skill the nurse develops in learning to respect individual dignity and preferences, as well as acknowledging cultural differences.

Naturalistic beliefs

about illness relates the individual as a part of nature or creation. An imbalance in nature is believed to cause disease.

cultural repatterning

assisting the client to modify cultural practices that are not beneficial to the client's health

Air pollution

carbon monoxide, particulate matter, ozone, lead, aerosols, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and tobacco smoke

Social organization

describes the significance of individual members of a family or the family as a whole

Microeconomic theory

examines individual preference and finances, and how those actions affect cost of care and resource distribution

Biomedical beliefs

focus on identifying a cause for every effect on the body, that the body functions like a machine

Macroeconomic theory

focuses on aggregate behaviors, economic growth and employment

Contamination

food and food products with bacteria, pesticides, radiation, and medication (growth hormones or antibiotics)

cultural preservation

helping the client maintain traditional values and practices

Time orientation

helps describe whether an individual focuses more on the past, present, or the future

Environmental control

indicates the belief in how the environment affects the individual

Toxins

lead, pesticides, mercury, solvents, asbestos, and radon

what should the nurse do before performing a cultural assessment on a client?

perform a self-cultural assessment.

Culturally and linguistically appropriate services (CLAS)

promotes the development of a healthcare workforce that can respond effectively to the needs of a diverse client population

Environmental health

relates to the quality of the air , land, water, and other surroundings that people come into contact.

cultural accommodation

supporting and facilitating the client's use of cultural practices that are beneficial to the client's health

Water pollution

wastes, erosion after mining or timbering, and run-off from chemicals added to the soil

In social organization, the nurse should include those that the client dictates as important to the process, during teaching and decision-making.

yes

role for nurses in environmental health

-facilitate public participation, perform individual and population risk assessments, implement risk communication, conduct epidemiological investigations, participate in policy development

Culturally competent care is guided by 4 dimensions.

1. Cultural preservation 2. Cultural accommodation 3. Cultural repatterning 4. Cultural brokering

how can nurses improve environmental quality?

1. identify risks 2. participate in research 3. use advocacy 4. provide information to the public about environmental health.

Five categories of Social Determinants

1. neighborhood and built environment 2. social and community context 3. economic stability 4. health and healthcare 5. education

cultural brokering

Advocating, mediating, negotiating, and intervening between the client's culture and the biomedical health care culture on behalf of clients.

Assessing current and past environmental exposures would use: I PREPARE

I: investigate P: present work R: residence E: environmental concerns P: past work A: activities R: referrals and resources E: educate

Health beliefs and practices

Whatever an individual believes is the cause of impaired health will affect actions the individual will take to treat or prevent disease

Culture

beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a group of people, which can be transmitted from generation to generation.

Magico-religious beliefs

link health to supernatural forces, or good and evil - belief in faith healing used by some Christian religions, or voodoo and witchcraft practices used in Caribbean nations