Ch.2 Mental health & stress

State where suicide ranks as a leading cause of death among college age students

2nd. Leading cause of death

State the percentage of college students that have engaged in at least on incident of self-injury.

6%

State the percentage of American adults that experience the psychological symptoms of stress

67%

According to the National College Health assessment, state the percentage of college students that have considered suicide.

7%

State the percentage of American adults the experience physical symptoms of stress.

72%

State the percentage of Americans that report "waking up happy"

80%

Define tolerance

A decreasing response to repeated constant doses of a drug or the need for increasing doses to maintain a constant response

Define Post Traumatic Stress disorder.

A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or seeing a terrifying event.

Define resilience.

Ability to bounce back from adversity.

Define Withdrawal.

Abnormal physical or psychological features that follow the abrupt discontinuation of a drug that has the capability of producing physical dependence

Differentiate between acute and chronic stress

Acute Stress: Short-term stress, produced by the stress response. Chronic Stress: Long-term, low-level stress in which the stress response continues without resolution.

List the three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

State what happens in each stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

Alarm: The body's fight or flight response is activated, accompanied by reduced immune system functioning. Resistance: The body uses energy to cope with the continued stress and stay at peak level. Exhaustion: Body becomes totally depleted, leading to illness and even death.

List 9 common addictive substances and behaviors

Alcohol, Drugs, Tobacco, Caffeine, Food, Gambling, Shopping, Sex, Internet

Describe OCD

Anxiety disorder characterized by ritualized behaviors in response to persistent distressing thoughts.

Describe positive psychology

Area of interest within the field of psychology that focuses on positive emotions, character strengths, and conditions that create happiness.

List 5 positive health outcomes associated with optimists

Better physical functioning, report less pain, have better outcomes after surgery, experience lower levels of depression, and live longer.

Define neurotransmitters

Brain chemicals that conduct signals from one brain cell to the next.

List 8 relaxation techniques.

Deep breathing, progressive relaxation, visualization, mindfulness-based meditation, yoga, t'ai chi, biofeedback, and affirmations

Discuss 8 relaxation techniques

Deep breathing: When you feel yourself starting to experience the stress response, simply remember to breath deeply. Progressive Relaxation: Progressive muscle relaxation is based on the premise that deliberate muscle relaxation will block the muscle tension is part of the stress response, thus reducing overall levels of stress. Visualization: Mental creation of visual images and scenes. Mindfulness-based mediation: Form of meditation that involved paying attention to the present moment and letting thoughts and feelings come and go without judging them. Yoga: Activity that involves moving and balancing the body, deep breathing, and clearing of the mind. Aimed to calm the mind, cleanse the body, and raise awareness. T'ai chi: Concept of qi, or life energy, and practicing t'ai chi is said to increase and promote the flow of qi throughout the body. Biofeedback: Kind of relaxation training that involves the use of special equipment to provide feedback on the body's physiological functions. Affirmations: Say positive things over and over to yourself; think of positive things that have happened to you.

Explain each of the 5 stages of death and dying. (Elizabeth Kubler-Ross's)

Denial and isolation: Not believing that your loved one is gone, being alone a majority of the time Anger: Upset that your loved one is gone Bargaining: Trying to make deals to bring your love one back Depression: Feeling sorrow for your lost loved one Acceptance: Accepting that your loved one is in a better place

Define Addiction

Dependence on a substance or a behavior

According to the National College Health assessment, state the percentage of college students that suffer from depression, sadness, and anxiety.

Depression: 30%, Sadness: 59%, anxiety: 50%

Discuss the changes in the frontal cortex during adolescence

During adolescence, the new brain cells are pruned and consolidated, resulting in a more mature, adult brain by the early to mid-20's.

Define hardiness.

Effective style of coping with stress, characterized by a tendency to view life events as challenges rather than threats, a commitment to meaningful activities, and a sense of being in control.

Differentiate between eustress and distress

Eustress: Good stress or a positive form of stress. Distress: Bad stress or a negative form of stress.

Define stressor

Events or agents in the environment that cause stress

List 6 risk factors for suicide

Family history of suicide, serious medical problems, access to the means, depression, alcoholism, abuse of symptoms.

State the gender that is more at risk for depression

Female

Discuss 8 examples of common sources of stress

Good and bad life events, daily hassles at school and work, money problems, family and interpersonal problems, time pressures, anger, trauma, societal pressures.

List 5 symptoms of a panic attack.

Heart palpitations, sweating, shortness of breath, chest pain, and a sense that one is "going crazy".

Define self-actualization

In Maslow's work, the state attained when a person has reached his or her full potential.

Describe Goleman's emotional intelligence theory.

Kind of intelligence that includes an understanding of emotional experience, self-awareness, and sensitivity to others.

Discuss 3 mood disorders

Major depressive disorder: Mood disorder characterized by one or more episodes of depression lasting at least two weeks. Dysthymic disorder: Serious state of chronic depression, which persists for at least two years Bipolar disorder. Mood disorder characterized by one or more manic episodes that may alternate with depressive episodes.

Describe 4 neurotransmitters important in mental disorders

Norepinephrine( active during the stress response), Dopamine( Implicated in schizophrenia), Serotonin(Implicated in mood disorders), Gammaaminobutyric acid( implicated in anxiety).

Describe the 4 phases of bereavement

Numbness and shock: occurs immediately after the loss and lasts for a brief period. The numbness protects you from acute pain. Separation: As the shock wears off, you start to feel the pain of loss, and you experience acute yearning and longing to be reunited with your loved one. Disorganization: You are preoccupied and distracted; you have trouble concentrating and thinking clearly. You may feel lethargic and indifferent. This phase can last much longer than you anticipate. Reorganization: You begin to adjust to the loss. Your life will never be the same without your loved one, but your feelings have less intensity and you can reinvest in life.

State the key to mental health and happiness

Optimism

Differentiate between a panic attack and panic disorder

Panic attack: Clear physiological and psychological experience of apprehension or intense fear in the absence of a real danger. Panic disorder: Anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks along with concern about having another attack

Describe three components of happiness

Positive emotion and pleasure savoring sensory experiences), engagement( being deeply involved with family, work, romance, and hobbies), and meaning (using personal strengths to serve some larger end).

List 5 abilities that exist in emotionally intelligent individuals

Recognize, name, and understand their emotions. Manage their emotions and control their moods. Motivate themselves. Recognize and respond to emotions in others. Be socially competent

Define self-esteem.

Sense of positive regard and valuation for oneself.

Discuss 3 types of phobias

Specific phobia: An intense, irrational fear of a particular object or experience. Social phobia: An intense fear of particular social or performance situations. Agora phobia: Fear of being alone in a public place

Explain how stress affects 4 different body systems.

Stress and the immune system: Brief and long-term stressors have an impact on the function of the immune system. With stress it is easier to contact a cold or virus. Stress and the cardiovascular system: The stress response causes the heart rate to accelerate and blood pressure to increase. Stress and the gastrointestinal system: Stress is linked to acid reflux, indigestion, and stomach pain. Stress and mental health: Both acute and chronic stress can contribute to psychological problems and the development of psychological illnesses, including anxiety disorders and depression.

Define sympathetic and parasympathetic branch

Sympathetic branch: responsible for initiating the stress response. Parasympathetic branch: Responsible for turning off the stress response and returning the body to normal.

Define stress

The general state of the body, mind, and emotions when an environmental stressor has triggered the stress response.

Discuss 3 components of a stress reduction strategy

Time management, social support, maintaining a healthy lifestyle

Explain how a Type A individual manages stress.

Type A individuals are hard driving, competitive, achievement oriented, and quick to anger; further research has identified hostility as the key risk factor in the pattern. They would not handle stress well and wouldn't be able to manage their stress levels.

List 6 virtues and 24 character strengths that "enable human thriving.

Wisdom and Knowledge ~Creativity, Curiosity, Open-mindedness, Love of learning, Perspective Courage ~Authenticity, Bravery, Persistence, Zest Humanity ~Kindness, Love, Social Intelligence Justice ~Fairness, Leadership, Teamwork Temperance ~Forgiveness, Modesty, Prudence, Self-regulation Transcendence ~Appreciation of beauty and excellence, Gratitude, Hope, Humor, Religious

State which gender is most at risk of attempting suicide is and who is most at risk for succeeding

Women are most likely to attempt suicide and men are most likely to succeed at suicide.

List 12 characteristics in mentally healthy individuals.

• High self-esteem • Realistic, accept imperfections • Altruistic • Sense of control • Social competence • Not overwhelmed by fear, love, anger • Optimistic • Don't fear commitment • Creative and appreciate creativity in others • Take on challenges • Bounce back from adversity