Ch.20:The Circulatory System:Blood Vessels and Circulation:Connect Questions

Which type of artery is the largest?

Conducting

Tissue fluids that are not reabsorbed by blood capillaries are absorbed by the __________ ____________:

Lymphatic capillaries

What are the 2 most significant factors which influence blood viscosity?

-Erythrocyte count -Albumin (plasma protein) concentration

Interstitial fluids typically enter the VENOUS end of a capillary bed via which process?

Osmosis

Also known as small arteries, arteries that are usually too small to be given individual names are known as ___________ arteries:

Resistance

As blood flows thru vessels, it encounters forces, caused by several factors, that impede its movement. This opposition to blood flow is called peripheral __________:

Resistance

Valves that direct blood towards the heart are formed by infoldings of which layer of the vein wall?

Tunica Interna

Chronic low resting blood pressure is known as ________:

Hypotension

Which type of shock can be caused by severe dehydration?

Hypovolemic shock

Where do the vertebral arteries arise from?

Right and left subclavian arteries

Some continuous capillaries exhibit cells called __________ that lie external to the endothelium and have elongated tendrils that wrap around the capillary:

Pericytes

Which of the following may regulate blood flow thru the capillaries, and contribute to vessel growth and repair? -Pericytes -Intercellular clefts -Sinusoids -Endothelial cells

Pericytes

Blood flow into capillary beds is regulated by smooth muscle structures called ____________ ___________ which surround the openings of the capillaries:

Precapillary sphincters

Blood __________ is defines as the force that the blood exerts against a vessel wall:

Pressure

What is the most important force in venous flow?

Pressure generated by the heart -called the pressure gradient

The difference b/w systolic and diastolic blood pressure is called ________ (one word) pressure:

Pulse -NOT the same as pulse rate

Where do the right and left costocervical trunks arise from?

Right and left subclavian arteries

Shortly after leaving the aortic arch, the brachiocephalic trunk branches into which 2 arteries?

Right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery

Which type of shock can be caused by bacterial infection?

Septic shock

A modified, relatively dilated vein that lacks smooth muscle and is incapable of vasomotion is known as a venous __________:

Sinus

___________ are irregular blood-filled spaces in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and some other organs:

Sinusoids -also called discontinuous capillaries

Which type of capillary is found in areas where large proteins and cells need to enter or leave the bloodstream (e.g., liver and spleen)?

Sinusoids (also called Discontinuous capillaries)

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is often a warning of an impending __________:

Stroke

The brachiocephalic vein is formed by the union of which two veins?

Subclavian vein and internal jugular vein

The _______ circuit supplies oxygen and nutrients to all organs and removes their metabolic wastes:

Systemic

TRUE or FALSE: Arterial blood in the pulmonary circuit is LESS oxygenated then the venous blood in the pulmonary circuit:

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: Lipid-soluble substances diffuse easily thru the plasma membrane, while lipid-insoluble substances must use channel proteins:

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: The femur has greater blood flow but less perfusion than the ovary:

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: Vasoreflexes may lead to the rerouting of blood from one area of the body to another area:

TRUE

What is Edema?

The accumulation of excess interstitial (tissue) fluid

What is perfusion?

The flow per given volume or mass of tissue

The anterior communicating artery is an unpaired short anastomosis b/w which of the following? -The left and right anterior cerebral arteries -The middle cerebral arteries -The posterior communicating arteries -The posterior cerebral arteries

The left and right anterior cerebral arteries

The mechanism by which contracting limb muscles squeeze blood out of the compressed part of a vein in only one direction is known as __________:

The skeletal muscle pump

_____________ is a process in which endothelial cells pick up material on one side of the plasma membrane by pinocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis, transport the vesicles across the cell, and discharge the material on the other side of the cell by exocytosis:

Transcytosis

Veins that have become permanently distended and convoluted due to a loss of competence of the venous valves are known as _____________ veins:

Varicose

Which term refers to the narrowing of blood vessels caused by contraction of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media?

Vasoconstriction

ADH primarily promotes water retention, but at pathologically high concentrations it also acts as a ________________:

Vasoconstrictor

During exercise, blood flow to the muscles is rapidly increased by which of the following methods? -Vasodilation -Increased WBC count -Increasing vessel length -Decreasing blood viscosity

Vasodilation

Changes in the diameter of a blood vessel are collectively known as which of the following? -Angiogenesis -Ischemic reflex -Vasoreflexes -Accommodation

Vasoreflexes

Which of the 3 primary categories of blood vessels carries blood back to the heart?

Veins

The type of blood vessel regarded as capacitance vessels are _________: -What does that mean?

Veins -It means that veins have a greater capacity for blood containment than arteries do

Which term refers to the flow of blood back to the heart? -Pulmonary circuit -Venous return -Arterial return -Portal circuit

Venous return

Which type of vein is incapable of vasomotion?

Venous sinuses

Systolic pressure is the arterial pressure attained during which of the following? -Exhalation -Ventricular relaxation -Ventricular contraction -Inhalation

Ventricular contraction

Postcapillary _________ are the smallest of the veins:

Venules

The head and neck are drained mainly by 3 pairs of veins: the internal jugulars, the external jugulars, and the ___________ veins:

Vertebral

Which of the following are functions of the endothelium? select all that apply: -Acts as selectively permeable barrier to materials entering or leaving the bloodstream -Secretes chemicals that stimulate dilation or constriction of the vessel -Contracts to regulate the diameter of the blood vessel -Repels RBCs and platelets to retain flow

-Acts as selectively permeable barrier to materials entering or leaving the bloodstream -Secretes chemicals that stimulate dilation or constriction of the vessel -Repels RBCs and platelets to retain flow

Which of the following veins are part of the azygous system? select all that apply: -Ascending lumbar vein -Inferior phrenic vein -Posterior intercostal veins -Mediastinal veins -Accessory hemiazygous vein

-Ascending lumbar vein -Posterior intercostal ceins -Mediastinal veins -Accessory hemiazygous vein

The capillary wall consists of which of the following layers? select all that apply: -Tunica media -Basal lamina -Endothelium -Vasa vasorum

-Basal lamina -Endothelium

Which of the following are common causes of hypovolemic shock? select all that apply: -Bleeding ulcers -Dehydration -Burns -Extended periods of standing -Sudden loss of vasomotor tome -Hemorrhage

-Bleeding ulcers -Dehydration -Burns -Hemorrhage

The effects of a stroke or cerebrovascular accident can include which of the following? select all that apply: -Blindness -Loss of speech -Loss of sensation -Paralysis -Dryness of skin -Hair loss

-Blindness -Loss of speech -Loss of sensation -Paralysis

Blood pressure is determined by which 3 variables?

-Blood volume -Resistance to flow -Cardiac output

Which veins carry blood from the shoulder region back to the heart? select all that apply: -Brachiocephalic -Superior vena cava -Vertebral -Subclavian

-Brachiocephalic -Superior vena cava -Subclavian

What are the 3 basic type of blood vessels?

-Capillaries -Arteries -Veins

Capillary reabsorption exceeds capillary filtration in which of the following? select all that apply: -Capillaries in resting tissue -Glomeruli in the kidneys -Alveolar capillaries in the lungs -Capillaries in active muscles

-Capillaries in resting tissue -Alveolar capillaries in the lungs

Veins that drain the upper limb include which of the following? select all that apply: -Cephalic vein -Basilic vein -Humeral vein -Median cubital vein -Renal vain

-Cephalic vein -Basilic vein -Median cubital vein

The femoral artery descends on the medial side of the femur giving rise to which 3 arteries?

-Circumflex femoral artery -Popliteal artery -Deep femoral artery

Hypotension may be caused by which of the following factors? select all that apply: -Dehydration -Anemia -Blood loss -Atherosclerosis

-Dehydration -Anemia -Blood loss

Which of the following are arterial pressure points that are easily palpated? select all that apply: -Femoral artery -Common iliac artery -Carotid artery -Brachial artery -Radial artery

-Femoral artery (Femoral triangle) -Carotid artery -Brachial artery -Radial artery

The principal veins of the portal system carrying blood from the gastrointestinal organs to the liver include which of the following? select all that apply: -Gastric veins -Hepatic veins -Hepatic portal vein -Splenic vein -Inferior/superior mesenteric veins

-Gastric veins -Hepatic portal vein -Splenic vein -Inferior/superior mesenteric vein

Chemicals given off by the systemic capillary blood to the perivascular tissues often include which of the following? select all that apply: -Carbon dioxide -Glucose -Ammonia -Hormones -Antibodies -Oxygen

-Glucose -Hormones -Antibodies -Oxygen

Which of the following are possible consequences of cerebral edema? select all that apply: -Headaches -Nausea -Delirium -Seizures -Anemia

-Headaches -Nausea -Delirium -Seizures

Which of the following increases venous return during exercise? select all that apply: -Increased breathing enhances action of the thoracic pump -The heart beats faster, increases blood pressure -Increased muscle contraction enhances action of the skeletal muscle pump -Vessels constrict, decreasing blood flow to muscles

-Increased breathing enhances action of the thoracic pump -The heart beats faster, increasing blood pressure -Increased muscle contraction enhances action of the skeletal muscle pump

What are the sympathetic responses to a drop in perfusion to the brain? select all that apply: -Increased heart rate -Increased contractility force -Decreased respiratory rate -Vasoconstriction of arteries except those supplying the brain

-Increased heart rate -Increased contractility force -Vasoconstriction of arteries except those supplying the brain

Which of the following are examples of dural venous sinuses? select all that apply: -Inferior sagittal sinuses -Transverse sinuses -Cavernous sinuses -Ethmoid sinuses

-Inferior sagittal sinuses -Transverse sinuses -Cavernous sinuses

Portal systems occur in which of the following? select all that apply: -Kidneys -B/w the lungs and the heart -B/w the intestines and liver -B/w the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary -Heart

-Kidneys -B/w the intestines and liver -B/w the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

Which of the following arteries branch directly off of the celiac trunk? select 3 of the options below: -Left gastric artery -Renal artery -Common hepatic artery -Common iliac arteries -Splenic artery

-Left gastric artery -Common hepatic artery -Splenic artery

In what ways does the pulmonary circuit differ from the systemic circuit? select all that apply: -BP is higher in the pulmonary circuit -Less fluid gets "left behind" in the lungs -Pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood and pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood -Pulmonary arteries have thinner, less elastic walls -Pulmonary arteries constrict in response to local hypoxia

-Less fluid gets "left behind" in the lungs -Pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood and pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood -Pulmonary arteries have thinner, less elastic walls -Pulmonary arteries contract in response to local hypoxia

Which tissues are found in the tunica interna? select all that apply: -Hyaline cartilage -Smooth muscle -Loose connective tissue -Simple squamous epithelium -Simple cuboidal

-Loose connective tissue -Simple squamous epithelium (called the endothelium)

Edema may be caused by which of the following? (3) select all that apply: -Hyperproteinemia (increased levels of protein in the blood) -Obstructed lymphatic drainage -Increased capillary filtration -Reduced capillary reabsorption

-Obstructed lymphatic drainage -Increased capillary filtration -Reduced capillary reabsorption

Which of the following areas would experience impaired blood flow if a thrombus lodged in the internal carotid artery? Select 3 of the options below: -Scalp -Parietal lobe -External ear -Orbits -Temporal lobe -Larynx

-Parietal lobe -Orbits -Temporal lobe

Which of the following are vasoactive chemicals? select all that apply: -Prostaglandins -Heparin -Histamine -Bradykinin -Lysozyme

-Prostaglandins -Histamine -Bradykinin

Identify which of the following blood vessels are distributing (muscular, or medium) arteries: select all that apply: -Pulmonary artery -Renal artery -Femoral artery -Pulmonary trunk -Common carotid artery -Aorta

-Pulmonary artery -Renal artery -Femoral artery

Which of the following are examples of conducting arteries? select all that apply: -Pulmonary trunk -Aorta -Renal artery -Femoral artery -Subclavian arteries -Common carotid artery

-Pulmonary trunk -Aorta -Subclavian arteries -Common carotid artery

Which of these would be classified as large veins? select all that apply: -Pulmonary veins -Saphenous veins -Internal jugular veins -Renal veins -Superior vena cava -Ulnar vein

-Pulmonary veins -Internal jugular veins -Renal veins -Superior vena cava

Arterial sense organs monitor blood chemistry and blood pressure in order to help regulate which of the following? select all that apply: -Blood sugar level -Respiration rate -Body temperature -Heart rate

-Respiration rate -Heart rate

Which substances leave the blood by diffusing directly thru the plasma membrane of endothelial cells? select all that apply: -Electrolytes -Steroid hormones -Carbon dioxide -Glucose -Large proteins -Oxygen

-Steroid hormones -Carbon dioxide -Oxygen

Which of these arteries, that branch from the thoracic aorta, directly supply blood to the muscles, bones, and skin of the chest wall? select all that apply: -Subcostal arteries -Posterior intercostal arteries -Superior phrenic arteries -Mediastinal arteries -Bronchial arteries

-Subcostal arteries -Posterior intercostal arteries -Superior phrenic arteries

Which of these arteries are parietal branches of the thoracic aorta? select all that apply: -Superior phrenic arteries -Posterior intercostal arteries -Bronchial arteries -Subcostal arteries -Esophageal arteries

-Superior phrenic arteries -Posterior intercostal arteries -Subcostal arteries

If a thrombus blocked blood flow in the deep brachial artery, blood could still reach the forearm via which of the following? select all that apply: -Superior ulnar collateral artery -Popliteal artery -Brachial artery -Radial collateral artery

-Superior ulnar collateral artery -Brachial artery

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are characterized by which of the following? select all that apply: -Temporary loss of vision -Temporary paralysis -Permanent blindness -Temporary dizziness -Headache -Temporary weakness -Death

-Temporary loss of vision -Temporary paralysis -Temporary dizziness -Headache -Temporary weakness

Which of the following statements regarding the inferior vena cava are true? select all that apply: -The inferior vena cava is retroperitoneal -The inferior vena cava is formed by the union of the right and left common iliac veins -The inferior vena cava is the largest blood vessel in the body -The inferior vena cava drains blood from the superior portion of the body

-The inferior vena cava is retroperitoneal -The inferior vena cava is formed by the union of the right and left common iliac veins -The inferior vena cava is the largest blood vessel in the body (NOTE: it is the largest blood vessel in the body, NOT the longest)

Why is it important for conducting arteries to maintain elasticity? select all that apply: -Their recoil helps maintain blood pressure b/w heartbeats -Their recoil ensures that blood pressure is higher during diastole than during systole -Their expansion reduces systolic stress on smaller arteries -Their expansion and recoil helps keel the blood flowing during diastole

-Their recoil helps maintain blood pressure b/w heartbeats -Their expansion reduces systolic stress on smaller arteries -Their expansion and recoil helps keep the blood flowing during diastole

What are the primary purposes of the pulmonary circuit? select all that apply: -To deliver glucose to the cells -To release carbon dioxide -To absorb atmospheric nitrogen -To absorb atmospheric oxygen

-To release carbon dioxide -To absorb atmospheric oxygen

What are the 3 layers of the blood vessel wall?

-Tunica Externa -Tunica Media -Tunica Interna

The term microvasculature (or microcirculation) refers to which of the following as a group? select all that apply: -Venules -Veins -Arterioles -Capillaries -Arteries

-Venules -Arterioles -Capillaries

Place the following 6 vessels in order starting w/ those that have the highest blood pressure to those that have the lowest blood pressue: -Systemic artery -Capillary -Aorta -Systemic vein -Superior vena cava -Venule

1. Aorta 2. Systemic artery 3. Capillary 4. Venule 5. Systemic vein 6. Superior vena cava

List the following arteries, in order, thru which a RBC must travel to get from the left ventricle to the tongue. Start w/ the aortic arch: -External carotid artery -Brachiocephalic trunk -Lingual artery -Aortic arch -Right common carotid artery

1. Aortic arch 2. Brachiocephalic trunk 3. Right common carotid artery 4. External carotid artery 5. Lingual artery

Using the following arteries, trace the pathway of blood from the heart to the forehead, starting w/ the aortic arch: -Aortic arch -Right common carotid artery -Brachiocephalic trunk -Internal carotid artery -Ophthalmic artery

1. Aortic arch 2. Brachiocephalic trunk 3. Right common carotid artery 4. Internal carotid artery 5. Ophthalmic artery

Place the 4 principal regions of the aorta in order of blood flow from the heart:

1. Ascending aorta 2. Aortic arch 3. Thoracic aorta 4. Abdominal aorta

Put the following 4 arteries of the upper limb in order from the most proximal to the most distal: -Radial artery -Axillary artery -Deep palmar arch -Brachial artery

1. Axillary artery 2. Brachial artery 3. Radial artery 4. Deep palmar arch

List the branches of the aortic arch in order from the most proximal branch to the most distal branch:

1. Brachiocephalic trunk 2. Left Common Carotid Artery 3. Left Subclavian Artery

The (3) visceral branches of the thoracic aorta include which of the following? select all that apply: -Bronchial arteries -Superior phrenic arteries -Mediastinal arteries -Subcostal arteries -Esophageal arteries

1. Bronchial arteries 2. Mediastinal arteries 3. Esophageal arteries

List the following arteries that branch off of the abdominal aorta in order, from the most superior to the most inferior: -Gondal artery -Superior mesenteric artery -Celiac trunk -Common iliac artery -Renal artery

1. Celiac trunk 2. Superior mesenteric artery 3. Renal artery 4. Gonadal artery 5. Common iliac artery

Arrange the 3 classes of arteries in order from largest to smallest:

1. Conducting arteries 2. Distributing arteries 3. Resistance arteries

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

1. Continuous capillaries 2. Fenestrated capillaries 3. Sinusoids (discontinuous capillaries)

Place the arteries (5) in order as they descend and supply blood to the lower limb. Start w/ the external iliac artery:

1. External iliac artery 2. Femoral artery 3. Popliteal artery 4. Anterior tibial artery 5. Doral pedal artery

Place the following veins in order according to how blood would flow thru them as it traveled from the foot to the heart. Start w/ the lateral plantar vein: -Common iliac vein -Inferior vena cava -Popliteal vein -Lateral plantar vein -Fibular vein -External iliac vein

1. Lateral plantar vein 2. Fibular vein 3. Popliteal vein 4. External iliac vein 5. Common iliac vein 6. Inferior vena cava

List the 5 types of veins from smallest to largest:

1. Postcapillary venules 2. Muscular venules 3. Medium veins 4. Venous sinuses 5. Large veins

Put the following in order to describe the flow of a blood cell thru the pulmonary circuit. Start w/ the first vessel the blood enters as it leaves the right ventricle: -Lobar arteries -Pulmonary trunk -Pulmonary veins -Alveolar capillaries -Left atrium -Pulmonary arteries

1. Pulmonary trunk 2. Pulmonary arteries 3. Lobar arteries 4. Alveolar capillaries 5. Pulmonary veins 6. Left atrium

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is primarily determined by which protein?

Albumin

Which hormone is called the "salt-retaining hormone" b/c it increases BP by promoting sodium retention in the kidneys?

Aldosterone

Which hormone promotes Na+ RETENTION, which INCREASES the blood volume and RAISES the blood pressure?

Aldosterone

Venous anastomoses provide which of the following? -Collateral routes of blood supply to a tissue -Alternative routes of drainage from an organ -Bypass from an artery to a vein -Blood supply to a tissue via 2 consecutive capillary beds

Alternative routes of drainage from an organ

Arterial ___________, in which 2 arteries merge, provide collateral routes of blood supply to a tissue:

Anastomoses

An anatomical convergence where two blood vessels merge and combine their bloodstreams is known as a(n) _______________:

Anastomosis

A(n) ______________ is a weak, bulging sac in the wall of an artery that pulsates w/ each beat of the heart and which may eventually rupture:

Aneurysm

Which term refers to the growth of new blood vessels?

Angiogenesis

Which hormone is a potent vasoconstrictor that RAISES the blood pressure?

Angiotensin II

Which artery arises from the internal carotids, travels anteriorly, and arches over the corpus callosum to supply the frontal and parietal lobes?

Anterior cerebral artery

Which hormone INCREASES blood pressure by promoting water retention and acts as a vasoconstrictor at extremely high concentrations?

Antidiuretic Hormone

The thorax receives blood from several arteries which arise directly from the _________:

Aorta

The left common carotid artery branches directly from which blood vessel?

Aortic arch

Which of the following are chemoreceptors that are located in the aortic arch? -Carotid bodies -Carotid sinuses -Aortic bodies -Capillary plexus

Aortic bodies

A small resistance artery that empties into a capillary is called a(n) ___________:

Arteriole

The ___________ aorta arises from the left ventricle while the ___________ aorta passes downward thru the thoracic and abdominal cavities:

Ascending;Descending

Growth of lipid deposits in the arterial walls resulting in an increase in BP is called __________:

Atherosclerosis

The ability of a tissue to adjust its own blood supply thru vasomotion or angiogenesis is known as ___________:

Autoregulation

Which vein is formed by the union of the brachial and basilic veins?

Axillary vein

Which term refers to the mechanoreceptors in the carotid sinuses that monitor blood pressure?

Baroreceptors

A _________ is an autonomic, negative feedback response to changes in blood pressure:

Baroreflex

The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) supplies blood to which of the following? -Scalp -Muscles of the neck -Heart -Brain -Lungs

Brain

The dural venous sinuses collect the blood immediately after it has circulated thru which of the following organs? -Heart -Liver -Brain -Stomach

Brain -when you see "dural", think dura mater as in the brain

Blood flow is slowest in which of these blood vessels? -Aorta -Capillary -Femoral artery -Brachial artery

Capillary

The narrowest type of blood vessel in the cardiovascular system that engages in fluid exchange w/ surrounding tissues is called a(n) ____________:

Capillary

Capillaries are organized into networks called ___________:

Capillary beds

___________ shock is caused by inadequate pumping by the heart:

Cardiogenic

All forms of circulatory shock fall into which 2 categories?

Cardiogenic shock and Low venous return (LVR) shock

Which term refers to the CHEMORECEPTORS located in the carotid artery?

Carotid bodies

Which term refers to the BARORECEPTORS located in the carotid artery?

Carotid sinuses

Which type of reflex adjusts respiration rate in response to changes in blood chemistry?

Chemoreflexes

____________ shock is a response to shock in which homeostatic mechanisms maintain adequate blood pressure and blood flow to vital tissues:

Compensated

The cerebral arteries dilate when systemic BP drops and _________ when it rises, thus maintaining a relatively constant cerebral blood flow

Constrict

Which type of capillary is found in most tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle)?

Continuous capillaries

Pressure and blood flow __________ as blood moves a greater distance thru a vessel:

Decline

___________ pressure is the MINIMUM arteriole blood pressure occurring during ventricular relaxation:

Diastolic

_____________ arteries deliver blood to specific organs:

Distributing -also called muscular or medium arteries

A chemical that increases urine output is called a(n) ___________:

Diuretic

A fat _________ can result from a blunt trauma injury to a bone, and can block cerebral or pulmonary blood vessels

Embolism

Which hormone binds to adrenergic receptors on the smooth muscle of most blood vessels and raises blood pressure by stimulating vasoconstriction?

Epinephrine (AND Norepinephrine)

In arteries and veins, the outermost layer of the vessel wall is called the tunica _________:

Externa

Each common iliac artery divides into the ____________ iliac, which supplies mainly the lower limb, and the __________ iliac, which supplies the pelvic wall and viscera:

External;Internal

The endothelial cells of __________ capillaries are perforated by numerous holes called filtration pores:

Fenestrated

Which type of capillary is found in organs that engage in rapid absorption or filtration of small molecules (e.g., small intestine, kidneys)?

Fenestrated capillaries

What is the longest vein in the body?

Great (long) saphenous vein

Which term refers to all of the physical principles governing blood flow?

Hemodynamics

They physical force exerted by a liquid against a surface such as a capillary wall is called ____________ pressure: What is an example of this?

Hydrostatic -Blood pressure

An excess of carbon dioxide in the blood is known as ______________:

Hypercapnia

If a tissue's blood supply is cut off for a time and then restored, it often exhibits reactive _________, a higher than normal level of blood flow:

Hyperemia

Which term refers to a chronic resting blood pressure higher than 140/90?

Hypertension

How does the thoracic pump generate force?

Increased abdominal pressure created during inhalation

The ______________ sagittal sinus is contained in the lower margin of the falx cerebri and arches over the corpus callosum:

Inferior

The tunica ________ lines the inside of the vessel and is exposed to the blood:

Interna (also called the Tunica Intima)

Which arteries of the forearm are located b/w the radius and ulna?

Interosseous arteries

A thrombosis can cause which of the following? -Anemia -Hyperemia -Ischemia -Emmetropia

Ischemia

The basal __________ is the non-cellular, proteinaceous material that surrounds the capillary endothelium and separates it from adjacent connective tissue:

Lamina

Compared to arteries, veins have a ________ diameter and a _________ wall:

Large;Thinner

Which branch of the external carotid artery supplies blood to the teeth, maxilla, oral cavity, and external ear?

Maxillary artery

In arteries AND veins, the tunica __________ is usually the thickest layer of the vessel wall:

Media

Vasodilation primarily results from relaxation of smooth muscle in the tunica _________:

Media

Where is the vasomotor center located?

Medulla oblongata

Which term refers to short vessels that link arterioles to capillaries?

Metarterioles

The ______________ ____________ artery, a branch of the internal carotid artery, travels in the lateral sulcus of the cerebrum and supplies the insula:

Middle cerebral

Why are capillaries sometimes called the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system?

Most of the exchange b/w the blood and the tissue fluid occurs across capillary walls

___________ venules receive blood from the postcapillary venules:

Muscular

Which hormone promotes Na+ EXCRETION, which REDUCES blood volume and LOWERS blood pressure?

Natriuretic Peptides

Which term refers to the net force favoring filtration of fluid from a capillary or venule when all of the hydrostatic and osmotic pressures of the blood and tissue fluids are taken into account?

Net filtration pressure (NFP)

Which type of shock can be caused by brainstem trauma?

Neurogenic shock

A patient w/ a resting blood pressure of 120/80 has which of the following? -Normal BP -Hypotension -Hypertension

Normal BP

Which type of shock can be caused by tumor growth?

Obstructed venous return shock

The difference b/w the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood and that of the tissue fluid, and usually favoring fluid absorption by the blood capillaries is known as ______________ pressure:

Oncotic