Ch.23 respiratory anatomy pt.2

The respiratory membrane consists of an endothelial cell of a capillary and the plasma membrane of an alveolar type ______ cell.

1

The right lung has ______ tertiary bronchi and the left lung has ______ tertiary bronchi.

10; 8-10

The left lung has ______ secondary bronchi since it has ______ lobes; the right lung has ______ lobes; and ______ secondary bronchi.

2; 2; 3; 3

The lungs contain approximately ______ alveoli.

300-400 million

A. ______ B. ______ C. ______

A. main bronchus B. lobar bronchus C. tertiary bronchus

A. ______ B. ______ C. ______ D. ______

A. primary bronchi B. secondary bronchi C. tertiary bronchi D. smaller bronchi

A. ______ B. ______ C. ______ D. ______ E. ______

A. pulmonary arteries B. hilum C. cardiac impression D. middle lobe E. base

A ______ , B _________ , C ________ , D ________

A. respiratory bronchioles B. alveoli C. alveolar ducts D. alveolar pores

A. B. C. D.

A. thyroid cartilage B. arytenoid cartilage C. cricoid cartilage D. vocal ligaments

True or false: Lobar bronchi further divide into primary bronchi.

False

True or false: The vestibular folds that attach to the corniculate cartilage protect the vocal folds.

True The vestibular folds are superior to the vocal folds, produce no sound, and serve as a source of protection.

The smallest respiratory bronchioles subdivide into thin airways called ______ ______

alveolar ducts

The small openings in the walls between adjacent alveoli are called ______ ______

alveolar pores

The distal end of the alveolar duct terminates as a dilated ______ ______

alveolar sac

The type of alveolar cell that promotes rapid gas diffusion across the alveolar wall is the ______.

alveolar type I cell

Bronchioles and ______ form the terminal ends of the respiratory passageway.

alveoli

The respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts contain small out pockets called ______

alveoli

The trachea is ______ to the esophagus.

anterior

The trachea is ______ to the esophagus, ______ to the larynx, and ______ to the primary bronchi.

anterior; inferior; superior

The wide ______ of the lung rests upon the diaphragm.

base

The respiratory membrane is the thin wall between the alveolar lumen and the ______.

blood

The ______ is a highly branched system of air conducting passages that originate from the left and right primary bronchi and progressively branch into narrower tubes ending in terminal bronchioles.

bronchial tree

The widening of a bronchiole diameter is ______.

bronchodilation

The alveoli have thin walls specialized to promote the diffusion of gases between the alveolus and the ______.

capillaries

Alveolar pores provide ______.

collateral ventilation

When successful swallowing occurs, the ______ closes over the opening to the larynx to prevent materials from entering the larynx.

epiglottis

The vestibular folds are also called the ______ vocal cords.

false

Alveoli have a unique shape, best described as ______.

hexagonal

On the medial surface of each lung is an indented ______ through which a bronchus enters the lung.

hilum

Incomplete rings of ______ cartilage support the wall of the primary bronchi to ensure that they remain open.

hyaline or tracheal

The cricoid cartilage is ______ to the thyroid cartilage.

inferior

The vocal folds are the ______ set of ligaments, in the larynx, that produce sound.

inferior

As air is forced out of the lungs and moves through the ______, the sound is produced.

larynx

The secondary bronchi that branch off the primary bronchi are also called ______ bronchi.

lobar

The trachea descends through the neck into the ______ from the ______ to the main bronchi.

mediastinum; larynx

Which drugs are useful in treating asthma?

oral steroids inhaled steroids allergy shots

Bronchodilation results when the smooth muscle of the bronchioles ______

relax

The terminal bronchioles conduct air into the ______ bronchioles.

respiratory

Aspirated foreign objects are more likely to become lodged in the ______ primary bronchus.

right

The ______ lung is divided into superior, middle, and inferior lobes.

right

The ______ primary bronchus enters the lung more vertically and is wider and shorter than the other one.

right

When air is forced through the ______, the vocal folds begin to vibrate and this vibration produces sound.

rima glottidis

Which anatomical structures aid sound production?

teeth paranasal sinuses lips nasal cavity tongue

What factors determine the characteristics of sound as they pass through the vocal folds?

tension of cords length of cords

The bronchioles that are the final segment of the conducting pathway in the lungs are the ______ bronchioles.

terminal

The lungs are located in the ______.

thoracic cavity

The structure that is also known as the windpipe is the ______

trachea

Superior to the larynx is the laryngopharynx. Inferior to the larynx is the ______ and posterior to the larynx is the ______.

trachea; esophagus

The vocal folds of the larynx are called the ______.

true vocal cords

The predominant alveolar cell is an alveolar ______ cell.

type I

Which are the symptoms of asthma?

wheezing coughing shortness of breath