Ch33 Study Questions

Which of the following are characteristics of ctenophores (choose all that apply)? -Their life cycle is characterized by distinct polyps and medusa stages. -Many species are bioluminescent. -They may be small and spherical or long and ribbon-like. -They move by coordinated beating of cilia. -They possess colloblasts for prey capture. -Most species live in freshwater habitats.

*ctenophores refres to box jellies* Many species are bioluminescent. They may be small and spherical or long and ribbon-like. They move by coordinated beating of cilia. They possess collblasts for prey capture.

Systematists use several fundamental criteria to assign animals to phyla. Choose all that systematists would use to classify animals under specific phyla. -Feeding behavior -Adult body symmetry -Ultimate adult body size -The embryological formation of body cavities -Biogeographic distribution -Gene sequences -The number of tissue layers

-Gene sequences -The embryological formation of body cavities

What characteristic(s) of animals are exemplified by the Man-of-War? (Choose all that apply.) -Heterotrophy -Active movement -Autotrophy -Tissue -Cell walls

-Heterotrophy -Active movement -Tissue

How many layers does the body wall of Cnidaria consist of?

2- the epidermis, which covers the surface in contact with the outside environment, and the gastrodermis, which covers the gastrovascular cavity

On order to get adequate movement of gases, nutrients, and other chemical in the body, most larger animals must have which of the following? A. A pseudocoelom. B. A coelom. C. A mesoderm. D. A circulatory system. E. A digestive tract.

A circulatory system.

Which feature would only be found in the Bileteria? A. Sexual reproduction B. Nerves and sensory systems C. Extracellular digestion D. Anterior cephalization

Anterior cephalization

Members if this phylum are _____ animals with jointed appendages and segmented external skeletons composed of chitin.

Arthropoda

Of the many phyla falling under this clade, the _____ contains the largest number of described species of any phylum in the animal kingdom.

Arthropoda

Animals are though to have descended from chaonoflagellate protists. Which poriferan cell type lends evidence to this claim? A. Amoebocyte B. Gamete C. Choanocyte D. Spicule

Choanocyte

______ are flagellated cells that line internal cavities and are responsible for pumping water and small particles into the sponge.

Choanocytes

Identify the phylum that the Man-of-War belongs to and the correct defining characters. A. Ctenophora: presence of nematocysts and fused cilia B. Cnidaria: presence of nematocysts and radial symmetry C. Cnidaria: presence of colloblasts and radial symmetry D. Ctenophora: presence of colloblasts and fused cilia

Cnidaria: presence of nematocysts and radial symmetry

Select the phylum that include deuterostome animals that are exclusively marine and have radial symmetry as adults. A. Rotifera B. Porifera C. Cnidaria D. Echinodermata E. Chordata

Echinodermata

Two outwardly dissimilar groups, the ______ and the chordates, together with a few other small phyla, constitute the deuterostomes.

Echinoderms

T/F: Like the eggs of most animals, the corals' eggs are nonmobile.

False.

How does the Portuguese Mon-of-War immobilize its prey? A. It releases an acidic mixture into the water from its stomachs that dissolves the prey. B. Its sharp jaws rip the flesh from its prey, rendering it helpless. C. Its tentacles shoot out slender barbed threads that inject prey with paralyzing poison. D. Its gas bladder releases toxic ink into the water that blinds and confuses its prey.

Its tentacles shoot out slender barbed threads that insect prey with paralyzing poison.

Sea urchins and jellyfish are both radially symmetrical, but sea urchins and humans are much more closely related than sea urchins and jellyfish. Why is this true? A. Humans are radially symmetrical during most of their embryonic development. B. Humans are descendants of sea urchins not jellyfish. C. Sea urchins have bilaterally symmetrical larvae and exhibit radial cleavage. D. Jellyfish have bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic larvae.

Sea urchins have bilaterally symmetrical larvae and exhibit radial cleavage.

Round worms (Phylum: Nematoda) move by essentially thrashing from side to side. Segmented worms (Phylum: Annelida) are capable of much more controlled and intricate movements. What allows for the more complex locomotion in Annelids? A. Semi-independent movement of the individual segments allows for more complex movements. B. Annelids have muscle tissue, and nematodes lack muscles. C. Annelids have a rigid internal skeleton for muscles to pull against. D. Nematodes lack neural development.

Semi-independent movement of the individual segments allows for more complex movements.

How do sponges reproduce sexually?

Sponge sperm are crated by the transformation of choanocytes, which are then released into the water where they may be carried into another sponge of the same species.

The embryonic ectoderm forms tissue(s)what in Eumetazoa?

The outer body covering (epidermis) and the nervous system

Certain small fish are able to live among the tentacles of the Portuguese Man-of-War being nearly immune to the poison from the stinging cells. These fish are said to have a commensalistic relationship with the Portuguese Man-of-War because the fish benefit and have no effect on the host. What is the most likely benefit for small fishes living among the tentacles of the Portuguese Man-of-War? A. They are able to travel with the wind currents due to the gas bladder of the Man-of-War. B. They use the enzymes of the Man-of-War's digestive organs to digest their own food. C. They eat the stinging cells. D. They are protected from predators.

They are protected from predators.

Noncoelomate invertebrates are evolutionarily important because of which of the following statements? A. They possessed the basic animal body plan from which the body plan of all other animals evolved. B. A third of animal phyla are based on a body plan similar to that of noncoelomate worms. C. They were some of the first eukaryotic organisms on Earth. D. They were the earliest organisms on Earth.

They possessed the basic animal body plan from which the body plan of all other animals evolved.

T/F: All cnidarians are carnivores.

True

T/F: Sponges have several types of cells that perform different functions.

True

T/F: The two largest clades in the Bilateral are the protostomes and the deuterostomes.

True

T/F: Sponges do not have true tissue.

True. Although they are multicellular, they are loosely organized and possess the ability to disassociate themselves from each other.

A worm that is solid from the gut epithelium to the outermost epithelium would be considered A. acoelomate. B. coelomate. C. segmented. D. pseudocoelomate. E. diploblastic.

acoelomate

The inner layer of a sponge, the mesohyl, contains several types of _____ cells, which secrete materials to form a skeleton-like structure for support.

amoeboid

Various types of _____ cells are found in the mesohyl and may secrete structural components such as spicules or sponging fibers.

amoeboid

Why can you not classify animals based on whether or not they have a coelom?

because the acoelom and pseudocoelom have evolved multiple times

mesoglea

between the two body wall layers in cnidaria; can vary from acellular acting as glue, or thick and rubbery with many cells

How do sponges reproduce asexually?

breaking off into a new fragment

Select the terms that accurately describe an organism that obtains energy and organic molecules by ingesting other organisms (choose all that apply). -carnivore -omnivore -autotroph -heterotroph -detritivore

carnivore, omnivore, heterotroph, detritivore

One type of inner cells are _____, flagellated and collared cells that help circulate water through the sponge and collect food particles.

chaonocytes

Damage to its flagellum would prevent a choanocyte from A. circulating water through the sponge. B. producing the supportive spicules. C. secreting spongin to form the sponge body. D. stinging and capturing prey.

circulating water through the sponge.

Sponge cells are unique because thought their development they can ______ from on type of cell to another.

differentiate

The endoderm forms what tissue(s) in Eumetazoa?

digestive tissue (gastrodermis)

The _____ animals are protostomes that grow step-wise by a process called molting.

ecdysozoan

The outer layer of the sponge is covered by flattened ____ cells that sometimes contract in response to potentially harmful stimuli to protect the inner cells of the sponge.

epithelial

The exterior of a sponge is comprised of flattened cells that form an outer ______.

epithelium.

Choanocytes A. produce the spicules. B. make the spongin protein. C. secrete the meshyl. D. filter particles out of the water.

filter particles out of the water.

These are two main groups in this clade: the _____ and the Platyzoa.

lophotrochozoa

Sponges are truly _____ organisms.

multicellular

The mesoderm forms what tissue(s) in Eumetazoa?

muscles

Given the distribution of the 30 or so animal phyla across the Earth's various ecosystems, what would be the most likely habitat for the origin of animals? A. rain forests B. deserts C. freshwater habitats D. oceans

oceans

A body cavity called the __________ develops in an animal embryo between the mesoderm and endoderm.

pseudocoelom

Protostomes develop through A. protocleavage B. spiral cleavage C. radial cleavage D. polar cleavage E. axial cleavage

spiral cleavage

The _____ animals are protostomes that grow by gradual additions of mass to the body.

spiralia