Ch.4

Dual federalism

(1790-1930) the time period during which national state governments were seen as equal authorities, operating over separate areas of influence, and the authority of national government was generally limited to the expressed powers listed in the constitution; also called "layer cake" federalism.

Cooperative federalism

(1930-1960) an era of federalism during which the national and state government shared functional authority in broad policy areas; also called "marble cake" federalism.

Block grants

- are federal grants that are given for more general purposes or for broad policy areas, such as welfare, public health, community development, or education.

Federal mandates

- demands on states to carry out certain policies as a condition of receiving grant money.

-powers denied to both levels

- this protects people from being convicted of an offense that was not a crime at the time the offense was committed.

-limits on state governments

- to prevent conflict between the states and the national government, article 1, section 10, denies specific powers to the state governments.

What type of powers are concurrent?

-collect taxes -provide for the health and welfare of the people. -build roads. -conduct commerce. -establish courts. -borrow money. -take private property for public use, with just compensation. -pass and enforce laws. -charter banks and corporations. -regulate education.

What obligations does the national government owe to the states?

-limits on national government- to prevent the national government from growing too powerful.

Devolution

-the idea of returning power to states.

Categorical grants

A federal grant that can only be used for a specific purpose, or category, of state and local spending; these grants usually require that the state contribute money in addition to the national money.

Why is elastic clause so important?

Because it stretches the powers of congress.

How do block grants, categorical grants, and federal mandates differ?

Categorical grants- can only be used for a specific purpose, or category, of state and local spending, such as the building of a new airport or crime-fighting in a certain area.

What is the difference between cooperative federalism and devolution?

Cooperative federalism- the national state governments work together to meet the crisis. Feral ism under the new deal.

What is the importance of the "full faith and credit clause?"

Ensures that extradition can take place.

Define the following vocabulary terms:

Expressed powers-the powers explicitly granted to congress by the constitution.

Block grants

Federal grants given to state and local governments for broad purposes, such as welfare, community development, public health, or education.

Federal mandates

Regulations that the national government imposes on state and local governments.

Provide examples of reserved powers.

The U.S. Constitution gives governments the power to: -draw electoral district lines. -conduct election -maintain state militias (the national guard) -regulate commerce within the state. -establish and operate state court systems. -levy taxes. -ratify amendmentsu to the constitution. -exercise powers not specifically delegates to the nation or prohibited to the states.

What expressed powers does the national government hold?

The U.S. Constitution gives the national government powers to: -borrow and coin money. -levy taxes. -conduct foreign relations. -raise armies, declare war, and make peace. -regulate commerce with foreign nations and between states. -establish post offices. -regulate immigration and naturalization. -establish and operate the federal court system. -make laws necessary and proper to execute national powers.

What was the importance of McCulloch v. Maryland?

The court ruled decisively in favor of the nation's authority to start a bank. The McCulloch decision set a precedent for the expansion of national power and for the role of the court as a referee in these feral system.

Concurrent powers

The power that is shared by both the federal and state governments.

2.implied powers

The powers assumed by the government that are not specifically listed in the in the constitution.

Reserved powers

The powers that are not specifically granted to the federal government nor denied to the states that are reserved for the states.

Full faith and credit clause

The provision of the constitution that requires each state to honor the public acts, official records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.