CH.46 Reproduction Mastering Biology

What are the events of the ovarian cycle in order?

1. hypothalamus secretes GnRH 2. stimulates the pituitary to secrete LH and FSH 3. which stimulates follicle growth and secretion of estradiol 4. which, at high levels, causes the pituitary to increase production of Lh and FSH 5. follicle maturation and ovulation 6. corpus luteum secretes estradiol and progerstorone 7. causes the pituitary to inhibit production of LH and FSH 8. corpus luteum disintegrates 9. causing a decline in estradiol and progersterone 10. ending inhibition of the hypothalamus and pituitary and allowing secretion of

Ovulation usually occurs on or about day _____ of a 28-day ovarian cycle. 1 7 14 21 28

14

Which of the following statements about oogenesis in humans is true? Hints Oogenesis takes place within the oviduct. Beginning at puberty, a primary oocyte completes its first meiotic division to form a secondary oocyte and a polar body approximately every month. Oogonia can reproduce mitotically within an adult female ovary to produce more oogonia, which differentiate into primary oocytes. The ooctye released from the ovary during ovulation is fully mature.

Beginning at puberty, a primary oocyte completes its first meiotic division to form a secondary oocyte and a polar body approximately every month.

Which of the following events occurs at the onset of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle? Hints Maturation of the follicle. Release of high levels of FSH. Shedding of the endometrium. Development of the corpus luteum.

Development of the corpus luteum.

How does spermatogenesis differ from oogenesis? Hints Gametes are produced by meiosis in spermatogenesis. Diploid cells give rise to four functional gametes in spermatogenesis. Production of the cells that will mature into gametes is complete by birth in spermatogenesis. Gamete maturation occurs after fertilization in spermatogenesis.

Diploid cells give rise to four functional gametes in spermatogenesis.

Which pituitary secretion stimulates sperm production? LH ACTH TSH PRL FSH

FSH

Which pituitary secretion stimulates the testes to secrete androgens? LH ACTH TSH PRL FSH

LH

Which hormone spikes midway through the menstrual cycle and triggers ovulation? Hints Luteinizing hormone (LH). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Progesterone. Estradiol.

Luteinizing hormone (LH).

What role do germ cells play in gametogenesis? Hints They produce cells that divide by mitosis to form gametes. They produce cells that undergo meiosis and develop into gametes. They produce gametes. They produce cells that divide by mitosis and then undergo meiosis to form gametes.

They produce cells that divide by mitosis and then undergo meiosis to form gametes.

Which male reproductive structures are responsible for the transport and delivery of sperm? Hints Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland. Vas deferens, urethra, and penis. Seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and urethra. Testis and epididymis

Vas deferens, urethra, and penis.

Which hormone(s) is(are) directly responsible for triggering the development of the secondary sex characteristics of males, such as beard growth? androgens thymosin epinephrine insulin parathyroid hormone

androgens

A physician finds that a nine-year-old male patient is entering puberty much earlier than is usual. Such a condition is most likely the result of a tumor in the _____. anterior pituitary, producing elevated levels of gonadotropin-stimulating hormone testes, producing elevated levels of estrogen anterior pituitary, producing elevated levels of testosterone hypothalamus, producing elevated levels of testosterone

anterior pituitary, producing elevated levels of gonadotropin-stimulating hormone

Sperm become capable of movement while in the _____. seminiferous tubules vas deferens ejaculatory ducts urethra epididymis

epidiymis

If there is no fertilization, degeneration of the corpus luteum results in a drop in _____, which results in the sloughing off of the uterus's endometrium. FSH estrogen and progesterone hypothalamic secretion of releasing hormones HCG LH

estrogen and progesterone

After ovulation, high levels of _____ inhibit _____ secretion. estrogen and progesterone ... FSH and LH FSH and LH ... estrogen and progesterone HCG ... estrogen and progesterone estrogen ... FSH androgens ... FSH and LH

estrogen and progesterone ... FSH and LH

Developing ovarian follicles primarily secrete _____. progesterone estrogens luteinizing hormone follicle-stimulating hormone human chorionic gonadotropin

estrogens

True or false? The production of sperm begins at puberty when spermatogonia undergo meiosis I to form primary spermatocytes, which then undergo meiosis II to form secondary spermatocytes. These secondary spermatocytes go on to form spermatids, which mature into sperm cells. Hints True False

false

What products are formed when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis? Hints Four haploid cells. Four diploid cells. Two haploid cells. Two diploid cells.

four haploid cells

The "reproductive handicap" for sexual reproduction refers to _____. Hints dependence on hormonal cycles the need for maturation prior to reproduction the need to provide energy for the offspring the difficulty of finding mates have only half the offspring are females

have only half the offspring are females

If there is fertilization, secretion of _____ by the early embryo maintains the corpus luteum. progesterone estrogen luteinizing hormone follicle-stimulating hormone human chorionic gonadotropin

human chorionic gonadotropin

A rapid increase in the _____ level stimulates ovulation. progesterone estrogen luteinizing hormone follicle-stimulating hormone human chorionic gonadotropin

luteinizing hormone

The secretion of androgens is regulated by a _____ feedback mechanism involving the _____ and _____. positive ... hypothalamus ... pituitary gland negative ... hypothalamus ... pituitary gland positive ... thyroid ... pituitary gland negative ... pancreas ... pituitary gland negative ... seminal vesicles ... prostate gland

negative ... hypothalamus ... pituitary gland

What is the usual site of the fertilization of an egg cell? uterus ovary oviduct abdominal cavity vagina

oviduct

Which of the following structures in females is analogous in function to the vas deferens in males? vagina uterus urethra oviduct

oviduct

On a submarine expedition to the ocean bottom, you discover a population of fish that are only female. What type of reproduction does this fish most likely use? cloning budding parthenogenesis sexual

parthenogenesis

Which characteristic of the male reproductive system is not variable among animal species that reproduce sexually? Hints Presence of a scrotum. Composition of accessory fluids. Shape of genitalia. Presence of genitalia.

presence of genitalia

Which function is not performed by the male reproductive system? Hints Transport of semen. Synthesis of accessory fluids. Production and storage of oogonia.. Production and storage of sperm.

production and storage of oogonia

Which of the following correctly traces the path of sperm from their site of production to their exit from a man's body? Hints epididymis → seminiferous tubule → vas deferens → urethra vas deferens → epididymis → urethra → seminiferous tubule epididymis → urethra → seminiferous tubule → vas deferens seminiferous tubule → epididymis → vas deferens → urethra seminiferous tubule → vas deferens → epididymis → urethra

seminiferous tubule → epididymis → vas deferens → urethra

Sperm develop in the _____. prostate gland bulbourethral glands seminiferous tubules hypothalamus seminal vesicles

seminiferous tubules

Which diploid cells are produced by an embryonic germ cell? Hints Ovum. Spermatid. Spermatogonia. Polar body.

spermatongonia

True or false? Humans form gametes by a process called gametogenesis. Hints True False

true

True or false? The basic functions of the human female reproductive system are to produce eggs, develop offspring, and make hormones. Hints True False

true

Sperm exit a male's body via the _____. ejaculatory duct urethra oviduct ureter epididymis

urethra

A fertilized egg usually implants itself and develops in the _____. uterus ovary oviduct abdominal cavity none of these

uterus

Where does a human fetus develop? Hints Uterus. Cervix Vagina. Ovary.

uterus

what effects are associated with estrogen and progesterone?

~fat deposition in hips ~estradiol ~breast development ~changes in calcium metabolism ~increased water retention

what effects are associated with release of androgens?

~testosterone ~development of facial hair ~increased aggresiveness ~increased muscle mass ~depening of voice