Ch.5 Nail

Cuticle moisturizers are designed for all EXCEPT ___________. a. the cuticle b. the proximal nail fold c. the lateral sidewalls d. the hyponychium

A

How long does it take for fingernail plates to be fully replaced? a. 4 to 6 months b. 9 to 12 months c. 6 to 9 months d. 12 to 18 months

A

How long does it take for toenail plates to be fully replaced? a. 9 to 12 months b. 6 to 9 months c. 12 to 18 months d. 4 to 6 months

A

How would you recommend clients make their plate grow thicker? a. Nothing can make the nail plate grow thicker. b. A healthy diet and exercise can help the nail plate grow thicker. c. Regular manicures will make the nail plate grow thicker over time. d. Pregnancy typically helps the nail plate grow thicker.

A

Identify a function of the hyponychium a. it forms a protective barrier that keeps microorganisms from infecting the nail bed b. it helps guide the nail plates along the nail bed as it grows c. it forms an important seal between the PNF and nail plate d. it attaches the nail bed and matrix to the underlying bone

A

The ____ is the whole skin flap that covers the matrix, from the visible nail plate's edge to the first joint of the finger or toe a. PNF b. bed epithelium c. perionychium d. Lateral nail fold

A

The lateral nail fold is also known as ____. a. the sidewall b. the free edge c. Beau's lines d. the eponychium

A

The nail bed, nail fold, eponychium, paronychium, and hyponychium are collectively referred to as the a. proximal nail fold b. bed epithelium c. peronychium d. lateral nail fold

A

What are the characteristics of a normal, healthy nail? a. firm and flexible b. soft with ridges c. soft and flexible d. firm and rigid

A

What is the average rate of nail plate growth in normal adults per month? a. 1/10 to 1/8 inch per month b. 1/4 to 1/2 inch per month c. 1/10 to 1/4 inch per month d. 1/8 to 1/4 inch per month

A

What is the slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the nail plate's free edge? a. the hyponychium b. the sidewall c. the paronychia d. the matrix

A

Which fingernail grows the fastest? a. middle fingernail b. thumbnail c. ring fingernail d. index fingernail

A

Which of the following is not a part of the natural nail unit? a. onyx b. nail plate c. nail cuticle d. matrix

A

Cosmetologists should have a thorough understanding of nail structure and growth because a. they are specialized in a medical branch of science that involves the study of nails and their structure b. they must be able to differentiate between the nail cuticle and the eponychium before preforming nail services c. they are responsible for informing clients about the parts of the nails that will be affected as a result of the nail services offered by them d. it will help them diagnose, prescribe medications for, and provide treatment for nail diseases

B

During what time of year do nail plates grow fastest? a. spring b. summer c. fall d. winter

B

How would you compare fingernail and toenail growth? a. As toenails get longer, the matrix gets longer and then thicker. b. Toenails are thicker than fingernails because the toenail matrix is longer. c. Fingernails are thicker than toenails because the fingernail matrix is longer. d. As fingernails get longer, the matrix gets longer and then thicker.

B

The ____ is part of the natural nail that contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymph to nourish cells that differentiate and become keratinized to form the nail plate a. cuticle b. matrix c. hyponychium d. eponychium

B

The ____ is the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe. a. natural nail b. free edge c. trumpet d. circumflex

B

The _________ is the hard, protective plate that protects the tips of the fingers or toes. a. eponychium b. natural nail c. matrix d. nail cuticle

B

The natural nail itself is technically referred to as the ____________. a. matrix b. onyx c. nail plate d. nail cuticle

B

The natural nail unit includes a. all parts of the finger from tip to the second knuckle b. all parts of the finger from the tip to the first knuckle c. the nail plate and the nail bed but excludes the cuticle d. only the tip of the finger

B

What color is NOT normal for a healthy nail? a. beige b. reddish c. pinkish d. whitish

B

What is the water content of a healthy nail? a. 30 percent b. 15 to 25 percent c. 10 percent d. 0 to 5 percent

B

Which nail grows the slowest? a. ring fingernail b. thumbnail c. index fingernail d. middle fingernail

B

Identify a difference between the cuticle and the eponychium a. the cuticle contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymph, whereas the eponychium does not b. the cuticle is approximately 0.004 to 0.006 in thick, whereas the eponychium is approx. 0.5 in thick. c. the cuticle is the dead tissue stuck to the nail plate, whereas the eponychium is the living skin under the proximal nail fold found at the nail plate's base covering the matrix area d. The cuticle is the visible matrix part that extends from underneath the living skin, whereas the eponychium is the slightly thickened skin layer between the fingertip and the nail plate's free edge

C

Identify a reason why cosmetologists should be knowledgeable about nail structure and growth a. understanding nail structure helps cosmetologists diagnose and treat irregular nail conditions b. cosmetologists are responsible for imparting the biological aspects of nail structure to staff members c. understanding natural nail structure and growth cycles prepares cosmetologists for advanced nail services d. cosmetology is the branch of medicine dealing with the natural nail unit and it's major parts.

C

Stephanie is pregnant. She is talking to her cosmetologist friend, Charlie, about how wonderful her prenatal vitamins have been for her hair and nail growth. What could Charlie tell Stephanie about her nail growth? a. The vitamins must have biotin in them in order to make a difference in her nails. b. Stephanie already had excellent nail growth and is simply noticing what was already occurring. c. Nail growth rates accelerate during pregnancy whether she is taking prenatal vitamins or not. d. Certain foods that pregnant women eat more of are the most likely reason for Stephanie's nail growth.

C

The nail matrix causes the nail plate to develop a series of slender grooves because a. the rate of production of new matrix cells improves with age b. the eponychium, which is the dead tissue adhered to the nail plate, increases with age and collects on the nail plate c. parts of the nail matrix begin to permanently reduce production of new cells as a result of aging d. the nail matrix grows ridges in the nail plate, which inadvertently leads to the formation of grooves

C

The proximal nail fold is the entire flap of skin that covers what? a. the nail bed b. the sidewall c. the matrix d. the free edge

C

What is the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge? a. cuticle b. matrix c. nail bed d. sidewalls

C

Why must the hyponychium be treated gently? a. A damaged hyponychium would mean that any nail service would have to start over. b. If the hyponychium is damaged, it would cause the rest of the nail service products to work incorrectly. c. If the hyponychium is damaged, an infection under the nail plate is possible. d. A damaged hyponychium would need immediate medical assistance.

C

During which scenario do nail growth rates increase dramatically? a. first three months after delivery b. first trimester of pregnancy c. second trimester of pregnancy d. last trimester of pregnancy

D

Identify a characteristic of a healthy nail a. it is soft but inflexible b. it has 50 to 75 percent water content c. its surface is generally spotted and has deep groves d. it is translucent, and the beige or pinkish color of the nail bed shows through

D

The growth of the nail plate is affected by all of the following EXCEPT __________. a. exercise b. general health c. nutrition d. genes

D

The natural nail unit is mainly made up of _____, which is the fiber-shaped protein found in skin and hair a. collagen b. elastin c. melanin d. keratin

D

What is the visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin? a. free edge b. nail plate c. sidewall d. lunula

D

When the nail is abnormal in shape or form

Nail malformation

a thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate and the nail bed

bed epithelium

The dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate

cuticle

The living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area

eponychium

the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger

free edge

the slightly thickened layer of skin that lies underneath the free edge of the nail plate

hyponychium

a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place

ligament

the lighter color shows the true color of the matrix

luluna

where the nail plate cells are formed

matrix

the portion of the living skin on which the nail plate sits

nail bed

Normal skin that surrounds the nail plate

nail folds

The slits or furrows at either side of the nail upon which the nail moves as it grows

nail grooves

the most visible and functional part of the nail

nail plate