ch.6 interpersonal comms

concrete

If you can see it, touch it, smell it, taste it, or hear it, then a word refers to something that is

allness

After her parents tell her she can't go to the concert, Helga says, "You never let me do anything!" Helga is probably suffering from the language barrier of

arbitrary

A person's name generally has no logical connection with the actual person, just as the word "cow" has no direct connection to any actual cow. These examples illustrate the principle that the connection between a word and what it represents is

sexist language.

A teacher greeted his class each day with, "How are you guys doing?" Within a few short weeks he began to notice that the women were increasingly withdrawn and reticent. He asked one of the women what was going on. She told him that he was excluding the women of the class when he greeted the guys each day but not the women. He apologized saying he didn't intend to offend and he thought of "guys" as an all-encompassing term. This teacher was unintentionally employing

You defend your views.

All of the following reflect the characteristics of dialogue rather than debate EXCEPT:

referents

According to the model developed by Ogden and Richards, what are the things symbols represent called?

lack of precision

Dad says to Junior, "Hand me the screwdriver." Junior responds with, "Which kind, a flathead or Phillips?" Which language barrier is Junior trying to overcome?

Describe your own feelings rather than evaluate others.

David has a habit of screaming, "You idiot!" whenever his brother does something he doesn't like. Which strategy for creating a supportive climate does his outburst violate?

polarization

During the late sixties and early seventies, you would see bumper stickers that said, "America: Love it or Leave it!" This sentiment expresses the language barrier of

"I can't hear the TV when you sing that loudly."

Ethan habitually screams "You jerk!" at Elliott whenever his little brother does something that annoys him. Ethan could create a more supportive relationship by expressing himself in which one of the following ways?

aggressive

Glenda ordered her steak cooked medium-well at her favorite restaurant. When the server returned with her steak, Glenda cut into it, saw that it was red in the center, and said to the server, "OK, what part of 'medium-well' didn't you understand?! I want you to take this back and cook it so it's edible. This is ridiculous!" Glenda's behavior was

Solve problems rather than control others.

In response to his son's request, Dad says, "I don't care what you want. You'll do what I tell you, when I tell you and that's that!" Which strategies for creating a supportive climate does his outburst most likely violate?

allness

Indexing is a way to avoid which of the following word barriers?

be genuine rather than manipulative

Janice and her family are enjoying their dinner meal together when the telephone rings. When Janice answers, the caller says, "Janet, this is Mr. Baxter with ABC Vacations. How are you doing today?" Janice corrects his mistake on her name and tells him that she's in the middle of dinner, to which Mr. Baxter replies, "Oh, I'm sorry, Janice. I just wanted to tell you about our great cruise offer than I can book for you here tonight..." Janice interrupts him, tells him she's not interested, and hangs up on the telemarketer.

bypassing

Joe tells his wife, Sarah, that he thinks they should "redo" their bathroom as their next home improvement project. Sarah reacts strongly to this suggestion, complaining that, "We don't have enough money to do that!" Sarah thought "redo" the bathroom meant to replace the shower, toilet, and sink and to re-tile the floors and paint the walls. She was relieved when Joe explained that what he meant by "redo" the bathroom was to paint the walls and have the floors refinished. The language barrier Joe and Sarah experienced is called

Paul is more likely to be perceived as less trustworthy than if he was referred to in more positive terms.

Paul, who is slightly mentally retarded, laughs right along with the people who call him "the 'tard" at work. According to the research of John Seiter and his colleagues

Paul is more likely to be perceived as less trustworthy than if he was referred to in more positive terms.

Paul, who is slightly mentally retarded, laughs right along with the people who call him "the 'tard" at work. According to the research of John Seiter and his colleagues,

indexting

Rather than saying, "Lawyers are crooks," Phil declares, "My lawyer put his personal interests ahead of mine." Phil's method of avoiding the allness barrier is known as

affect thoughts and actions

Some people call Yassar Arafat a "terrorist," both fearing and reviling him. Some people call him a "Freedom Fighter," both loving and praising him. The use of these words to describe or evaluate Arafat reflect the power of words to

symbolic interaction

The theory called that seeks to explain how societies are bound or linked together through their use of symbols is called:

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

The theory which suggests that language shapes our culture and culture shapes our language is

affect thoughts and actions.

Tommy went to Taiwan for a vacation. Since he couldn't read the restaurant menu, he asked the waiter to bring him a traditional Taiwanese meal. It was delicious. When he was done he asked the waiter what the meat was, because he hadn't tasted anything like it before. The waiter told him it was dog meat. Tommy became sick to his stomach, and rushed to the bathroom. Tommy's reaction reflects the power of words to

true

Tru*/False: Dating your observations is a technique for avoiding static evaluations.

true

Tru*/False: Whether or not something is considered profanity is determined by context and culture.

false

True/Fals*: The word umbrella is a more abstract symbol than rain gear.

false

True/False: A malapropism occurs when two people use the same word to mean two different things.

false

True/False: According to the textbook, "I'm sorry I hurt you" is an effective apology.

false

True/False: Assertiveness is self-oriented.

false

True/False: Biological sex is a better predictor than psychological gender of the general framework we use to interpret messages.

false

True/False: In comparison to critical comments, open-ended questions create a more defensive communication climate.

true

True/False: In general, the more abstract the language, the more difficult it is for others to understand.

false

True/False: In giving the denotative meaning of "home," I would likely describe my own house.

false

True/False: It is best to apologize immediately after you have made a mistake.

true

True/False: Jargon is an example of a restricted code.

true

True/False: Language conveys meaning on two levels: content and feeling.

true

True/False: Linguistic determinism is a theory based on the understanding that words have power to affect and reflect culture.

false

True/False: Meanings are in words, not in people.

true

True/False: One study found that people who described the world in pessimistic terms experienced negative health effects.

false

True/False: The denotative level of meaning conveys the feelings and subjective associations a person has for a symbol.

true

True/False: The meaning of a symbol, such as a word, can change from culture to culture.

true

True/False: The way we talk to another forms the basis of a relationship with that person.

true

True/False: To Joseph a "submarine" is a sandwich. To Alfonse a "submarine" is a submersible ship. The different meanings Joseph and Alfonse apply to the word "submarine" reflect the fact that the meanings of words are arbitrary.

false

True/False: Using Gibbs' communication climates terminology, "I see you haven't completed the report yet" is an evaluative statement.

false

True/False: We are more likely to apologize to people we barely know than we are to those with whom we share an intimate relationship.

false

True/False: When Justin hears the word "buggy" he thinks of a swamp-like area he lived in when he was younger. In the Triangle of Meaning, the memory he has for the word "buggy" is called the referent.

false

True/False: When Skippy tries to figure out what Buffy meant when she called him a "buffoon" by looking up "buffoon" in the dictionary. Skippy is more likely to find the connotative than the denotative meaning of the word.

true

True/False: When teachers tell students they can figure out what a writer means by a word by paying attention to the words that surround it, they are making use of the fact that words are context bound.

bypassing

What language barrier is involved when misunderstanding occurs because the same words mean different things to different people?

static evaluation

When a General Semanticist uses the expression, "The map is not the territory," to which language barrier are they referring?

connotative

When someone uses the word "dog" and you understand the word to mean "a mangy, dirty, and disgusting animal, like the one that bit you when you were five years old," which level of meaning would you probably be applying?

assertive.

When you pursue your own interests without denying the rights of others, you are being

sexist language

When you speak of law enforcement officials as policemen or the person leading a meeting as the chairman, you are probably employing the language barrier of

word picture

When you use a phrase such as "I felt like a wrung-out wash rag after that test!", you are expressing your emotions via a

They felt vindicated.

Which of the following is NOT based on research about people who received an apology?

The recipient understood the reason for the offender's error.

Which of the following is NOT listed in your text as a benefit of apologizing?

catfish

Which of the following words is most concrete?