CH7 Axial skeleton

Shape of palatine bones

L-shaped

What bones form the orbit

Three cranial and four facial

What is the sphenoid bone called

keystone of the cranial floor

What is the smallest face bone

lacrimal

what do the lacrimal fossa and maxilla form

lacrimal sac that will gather tears and it will pass through the fossa into the nasal cavity

where is the cribriform plate located

lies in the anterior floor of the cranium and forms the roof of the nasal cavity

define mastoid process

located posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus

what is ethmoid bone considered

major superior supporting structure of nasal cavity

maxillae does not articulate with

mandible

all Facial bones are paired except for

mandible and vomer

bone features of mandible

mental foramen, alveolar part, mandibular foramen, mandibular condyle

mnemonic for facial bones

my mandible chews nine very large zucchini pizzas

Structures of axil skeleton

skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, vertebral column, thorax (sternum, ribs)

what are fontanels

soft spots in the skull

cavities have a similar function to

spongy bone in long bones

head of rib articulates with

superior and inferior costal facets of thoracic cavity

where is the crista galli

superior part of ethmoid bone but inferior part of cranial cavity

what does the perpendicular plate form

superior part of nasal septum

Define sella turcica

superior surface of body of sphenoid

what does the vomer articulate with

superiorly with perpendicular plate of ethmoid and sphenoid inferiorly with maxillae and palatine

fontanels turn into

sutures

what does the hyoid bone support

tongue

tubercle of rib articulates with

transverse costal facets of thoracic vertebrae

vertebrosternal ribs

true ribs 1-7 connected to sternum by individual costal cartilages

define occipital condyle

two oval processes with convex surfaces, one on either side of foramen magnum. They articulate with depressions on the first cervical vertebra (atlas)

Define hypoglossal canal

under occipital condyle, runs to tongue

what is inside the cartilage of intervertebral disc

water mucus soft substance called nucleus pulposus. w/ age it converts to fibrocartilage as it gradually becomes less hydrated. decreases in size w/age too

purpose of curve in vertebral column

will increase strength and help maintain balance in upright position. also absorbs shocks during walking and protects in from fracture

vertebral ribs

(floating ribs): 11-12 (no anterior cartilage)

abnormal curvatures add

"hyper" before word

parts of typical vertebra

- Body (Centrum) - Vertebral Arch - Processes - intervertebral disc

Frontal bone forms facial icons

-Forehead -Eye socket (superior part) -Also forms much of the anterior part of the cranial floor

Number of cranial bones

8

purpose of fontanels

1. Allow skull to change shape as it passes through the birth canal 2. Permits rapid growth of brain during infancy

Bone features of the occipital bone

1. Foramen magnum 2. occipital condyles 3. hypoglossal canal 4. jugular foramen

5 openings of orbit

1. Optic foramen 2. Superior orbital fissure 3. Inferior orbital fissure 4. Supraorbital foramen 5. Lacrimal fossa

bone features of ethmoid bone

1. perpendicular plate 2. cribriform plate 3. crista galli 4. superior and middle nasal conchae

bone features of the sphenoid bone

1. sella turcica 2. optic canal 3. superior orbital fissure 4. foramen rotundum 5. foramen ovale 6. foramen spinosum

bone features of temporal bone

1.zygomatic process 2. mandibular fossa 3. mastoid process 4. carotid canal 5. styloid process 6. external and internal acoustic meatus

how many bones in thoracic vertebrae

12

How many bones in the appendicular system

126

Number of facial bones

14

vertebrae is _____ of body's total height

2/5

adult vertebral column

26 vertebrae

how many bones in coccyx

3-5 fused

early development vertebrae

33 vertebraes

how many bones in lumbar

5

how many bones in sacrum

5 fused

how many bones in cervical vertebrae

7

How many bones in the axial skeleton

80

define lordosis

Abnormal anterior curvature of spine usually lumbar and cervical

Functions of cranial bones in terms of auditory ossicles

Amplifies sound waves to hear.

Where are lacrimal bones located

Anterior portion of the medial wall of the eyesocket

Why are cavities important

Because the skull will grow in size during development without making them heavier

squamous suture

Between parietal and temporal bones

What does the sphenoid bone resemble

Butterfly

What do nasal bones provide attachment for

Facial expression muscles

where does the intervertebral disc start

C2

Features of parietal bones

External surfaces are convex. Pretty flat bone

Function of cranial bones in providing protection and support to other systems

Digestive and respiratory system, special senses organs

The inferior nasal concha is not part of what bone

Ethmoid

Purpose of inferior nasal concha

Helps to swirl and filter air before he passes into lungs. Also warm air

Role of cranial bones in stabilization

Inner surfaces attach to the meninges

Two periods of facial enlargement

Irruption of teeth and onset of puberty

Why is the sphenoid bone called the keystone

It articulates with all other cranial bones, providing considerable stability to the skull

The mandible is the

Largest and strongest facial bone

What does the maxillae form

Lateral walls and floor of nasal cavity, floor of Orbits, most of the interior hard palate

How is the hyoid bone held in place?

Ligaments and muscles from temporal bone

function of paranasal sinuses

Lighten the skull Give resonance and amplification to voice

zygomatic bone articulates with

Maxillary, temporal, frontal, and sphenoid bones

Inner ear purpose

Monitor position and movement of head which provides balance

What does the parietal bone form

Much of the sides and roof of the cranial cavity

Role of cranial bones and muscle attachment

Outer surfaces- move the head and facial expressions

describe maxillae

Paired bone the unites to form upper jaw

Describe the shape of inferior nasal concha

Paired scroll like shaped

What is usually absent during birth

Paranasal sinuses

What does zygomatic bone form

Parts of lateral and floor of orbit

What does the Palatine bones form

Posterior edge of the hard palate, portion of the nasal cavity wall and floor, portions of the eyesocket

what does the occipital bone form

Posterior wall and the posterior floor of the cranial cavity

order of foramen features in sphenoid

ROS rotundum, ovale, spinosum

The vertebral column serves as points of attachment for

Ribs, muscles of the back, pelvic girdle, and muscles of upper limbs

describe shape of nasal bones

Small, flattened, regular shaped

Unique features of the skull

Sutures, Paranasal sinuses, Fontanels

What do the temporal bones form

The inferior lateral part of the cranial floor plus parts of the lateral wall near the ear

how are fontanels replaced

They are replaced by bone through intramembranous ossification

shape of hyoid bone

U-shaped

Describe vomer bone

Unpaired triangular shaped bone

define kyphosis

abnormal posterior curvature of thoracic spine (humpback)

which bone features are found in sacrum

ala, articular process, hiatus, foramen, canal

where is the ethmoid bone located

anterior to sphenoid and posterior to nasal bones

Movable bones in the skull

auditory ossicles, occipital bone, mandible

why does our voice sound different when we have a cold

bc chambers are filled w/more mucus

coronal suture

between frontal and parietal bones

lamboidal suture (Skull)

between occipital and parietal bones

sagittal suture

between parietal bones

adult normal curvatures

cervical (baby starts holding head up straight) lumbar (starts to sit up and walk)

vertebral column parts

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum (fused sacral vertebrae), coccyx (fused coccygeal vertebrae)

What are the zygomatic bones

cheek bones

vertebrochondral ribs

false ribs 8-10 from vertebrae to cartilage

what are intervertebral disc formed of

fiber cartilage (annulus fibrosus)

cranial bones that form orbit

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid

what cavities are paranasal sinuses in

frontal, sphenoid, ethnoid

where are fontanels found and what do they consist of

in developing embryos and cartilage and messenchyme

What does the vomer form

inferior part of nasal septum

define mandibular fossa

inferoposterior surface of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone is this socket

bone features of maxillae bone

infraorbital foramen and alveolar part

fetal curvature

one curvature, concave anteriorly, primary curvature

what is the hyoid bone

only bone that does not articulate with another bone

what are nasal bones

paired bones that form bridge of nose

define carotid canal

passageway for internal carotid artery

define jugular foramen

posterior to carotid foramen and anterior to the occipital bone, a passageway for the jugular vein

define styloid process

projects inferiorly from the inferior surface of the temporal bone and serves as point of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the tongue and neck

neck of the rib articulates with

runs parallel to transverse process

what fuses in an adult vertebrae

sacrum and coccyx

the lacrimal bone forms part of

the eye socket or orbit

Define Foramen Magnum

the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.

What is the nasal septum formed by

the perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer, and inferiorly by vomer bone

define zygomatic process

the temporal bone articulates with the zygomatic bone

describe paranasal sinuses in terms of resonating chamger

they will be able to intensify and prolong the sounds, thereby giving an enhancement of quality of voice