Ch8 Principles of Electricity

2. According to conventional electrical theory, which way does electricity move in most commercial vehicle chassis? A. From the negative ground, thru the load, then back to the battery. B. From the hot insulated wire, thru the load, then back to the battery. C. From negative charge potentials to positive charge potentials. D. Electrons leave the negative terminal of the battery and return thru the positive post.

2. P206

Inverter

A device that changes direct current into alternating current. Also called a wave inverter.

Semiconductor

A material that has properties of both conductors and insulators. It can switch back and forth between either state using small electrostatic charges.

Insulator

A material that holds electrons tightly and prevents electron movement.

Increasing amperage in a circuit increases the resistance of

An undersized conductor. When a conductor's resistance increases, its temperature increase produced by current flow and resistance is predicted using Joules Law of Heating.

1. Technician A says there are two theories of current flow: the electron theory and the conventional theory. Technician B says it is only important to remember that current flow is described by both concepts. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither Technician A nor Technician B

B. Tech b, p204

8. Which of the following descriptions best describes the electrical term polarity? A. The electrical pressure in a circuit. B. The direction of electron movement C. The force of electrostatic attraction D. The direction of electrostatic repulsion

B. The direction of electron movement, p204

8. Technician A says today's electrical system components are no longer separated into distinct systems. Technician B says networking electrical system components add new vehicle features that can enhance safety, performance, and passenger comfort. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither Technician A nor Technician B

C. Both Tech A and Tech B

5. Technician A says electronic circuits use less amperage and often process electrical signals rather than perform the work of lighting, heating, and mechanical movement. Technician B says electrical circuits usually conduct higher amounts of current thru heavier conductors and commonly operate high current flow devices, such as solenoids, relays, motors, lights, and more. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither Technician A nor Technician B

C. Both Tech A and Tech B. , p208

3. The concept of amperage refers best to the following: A. The speed of electrical impulse B. The force of electrical impulse C. The quantity of electron movement D. The pressure of the electrical impulse

C. The quantity of electron movement, p199.

4. Which of the following terms best describes the electrical pressure that causes current to flow in a circuit? A. Resistance B. Amperage C. Voltage D. Current

C. Voltage, p199

Poles are areas of

Concentrated positive and negative electrical charges. Polarity is needed to produce electron flow.

Direct current has a instant polarity; alternating current has

Continuously changing polarity that produces a sine wave.

9. Which measurement of electrical flow measures electron movement in number of electrons past a single point in a circuit per second of time? A. Coulomb B. Voltage C. Resistance D. Amperage

D. Amperage, p200

3. Technician A says AC's main advantage is it can be transmitted farther distances with less resistance and little voltage drop. Technician B says resistance is used with AC circuits as well as DC ones. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither Technician A nor Technician B

D. Neither Tech A nor Tech B. , p207

2. Technician A says AC circuits are used in virtually all chassis circuits because a battery can easily store and supply AC current. Technician B says DC current is used to power hybrid drive electric motors. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither Technician A nor Technician B

D. Neither Tech A nor Tech B., p206

7. Which of the following electrical terms is most closely associated with "electrical friction"? A. Amperage B. Current C. Voltage D. Resistance

D. Resistance, p201

Ions are atoms with an imbalance of

Electrical charges due to the gain or loss of electrons.

Electron theory states that

Electrons move from negative to positive. Conventional theory states that electrons move from positive to negative. Both theories convey the idea of current flow and each may be helpful when performing electrical diagnostic work.

Atoms are made of three fundamental particles:

Electrons, protons, and neutrons. Positive electrical charges are found on protons, negative charges on electrons, and no charge on neutrons.

Fig 8-16. Amperage describes the number of electrons moving past a point in the circuit in 1 second of time: 1 coulomb of electron flow per second equals 1 ampere of current.

Fig 8-16

Electrical resistance is like the idea of

Friction. Resistance slows down electron speed, which in turn lowers voltage and amperage.

Good conductors have low resistance, and insulators

Have high resistance. Electrical energy lost thru resistance is converted into heat.

Fig 8-13. The force moving electrons thru a circuit is

Voltage. The greater the force pushing the electrons, the higher the voltage.

6. Which of the following types of matter are expected to have the fewest electrons in the outer valence orbital? A. Conductors B. Insulators C. Semi-conductors D. Resisters

A. Conductors, p198

10. Consider the principle of Joules heating. Which of the following units of electrical measurement changes when amperage increases thru a circuit? A. Resistance B. Voltage C. Farads D. Capacitance

A. Resistance, p208

9. Technician A says forces of electrostatic repulsion and attraction move electrons thru a circuit. Technician B says the movement of electrons and protons from one atom to another is called electricity. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither Technician A nor Technician B

A. Tech A, p197

10. Technician A says metals typically have lots of easily moved electrons, which make them good conductors. Technician B says liquids cannot function as a conductor. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither Technician A nor Technician B

A. Tech A, p198

4. Technician A says the resistance of a circuit or load determines the mount of amperage flowing thru it. Technician B says voltage in a circuit determines its resistance. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither Technician A nor Technician B

A. Tech A., p??

5. Consider two objects with electrical charges. Objects A and B both repel one another. What is the polarity fo the charges found on the objects? A. A is positive, B is negative B. A and B are both positive C. A is negative, B is positive D. A is negative, B is neutral

B. A & B are both positive, p 196

1. Consider an atom with 28 protons and 29 electrons. It could be accurately described as: A. Aluminum B. Negatively charged C. Positively charged D. Anion

B. Negatively charged; p196.

7. Technician A says Ohm's Law predicts increased resistance as voltage increases. Technician B says Ohm's Law predicts both amperage and voltage in a circuit vary depending on circuit resistance. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither Technician A nor Technician B

B. Tech B, p203

6. Technician A says Ohm's Law predicts a conductor's resistance increases when amperage increases. Technician B says Joule's Law predicts a small amount of resistance in a circuit Beyoncé's much greater when amperage increases. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither Technician A nor Technician B

B. Tech B, p203, 208

The concept of voltage describes the speed of electron movement from atom to atom. It is equivalent to the

Mearsurement of pressure in a pipe in pounds per square inch (psi).

Amperage is a measurement of the

Number of electrons flowing past one point in a circuit during one second. It is equivalent to flow or volume in a pipe measured in a gallons or liters of flow per second.

Resistance is measured in

Ohms and depends on the type of material and the length, diameter, and temperature of the conductor.

The number of free electrons in an atom's

Outer valence shell determines how conductive the atom is. Fewer outer shell electrons are associated with greater conductivity.

Forces of repulsion and attraction between electrons and

Protons are termed electrostatic force and are the primary type of energy contained in electricity used to perform work.

The flow of electrons from atom to atom describes

The basic concept of electricity.

Electrostatic theory

The idea that like charges repel one another and unlike electrical charges attract.

Electron theory of current movement

The movement of negatively charged electrons to a positive charge pole.

Electrical circuits usually conduct higher amounts of current thru heavier conductors, and electronic circuits use electricity to operate semiconductors using lower voltages.

The two fundamental types of current flow are direct current and alternating current

Current can be described as a function of

Voltage and amperage in a circuit. The speed and quantity of electron flow thru a conductor. Without either voltage and amperage, there is no flow of electricity in a circuit.