ch9 nutrition
58. If Norma expends 2,000 calories per day to maintain her weight, about how much total fluid does she need?
2,000 to 3,000 mL
73. Pamela asks Theodore what an energy drink is, and he correctly explains, ____.
"It is a nonalcoholic beverage with extra caffeine, and sometimes other stimulants."
38. The legal limit defining intoxication for the driver of a car is a blood alcohol content (BAC) of ____ or higher.
0.08
51. The liver can metabolize _____ ounce(s) of alcohol per hour.
0.5
42. Five grams of alcohol supplies ____ calories.
35
Sue and her friends are having lunch in the school cafeteria. Sue is drinking bottled water, Joe is drinking Gatorade, Ben has a soft drink, Marsha is sipping iced tea, and Tom is drinking vitamin-enhanced water. Tom thinks he is drinking the best beverage of all because it has vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and some herbs in it. Marsha is counting on the caffeine to keep her alert during her English class and Sue thinks she made the best choice. Ben really doesn't think much about what he drinks at all. Let's answer these questions and learn more about these beverages.53. What characteristic should Joe expect in his Gatorade sports drink?
A mixture of glucose, sucrose, and fructose
39. What type of packaging will retain the nutrients in orange juice best?
A plastic jug
80. ______ mediates the conversion of alcohol to _____.
Alcohol dehydrogenase; acetaldehyde
74. ______ is an inflammation of the liver.
Alcoholic hepatitis
49. _______ in coffee are thought to reduce risk of type 2 diabetes in regular coffee drinkers.
Antioxidants
Robert and Chris have been at a local bar near their dormitory for 1 hour. Chris has had three beers already and Robert tells him to slow down because too much alcohol can cause death. Chris says this is not true since you just go to sleep when you drink too much. Chris also says that since he is allowed two drinks a day on average, he decided to save them up for the weekend. Robert is beginning to suspect that Chris might have a drinking problem. Let's see if you know more than Chris does concerning alcohol by answering these questions.30. How many drinks does Chris need to drink during the evening to constitute a "binge"?
At least 5
72. Acetaldehyde affects production of red blood cells by destroying vitamin ____.
B6
40. Which 8-ounce beverage has the lowest caffeine content?
Chocolate milk
46. ____________ is a parasite that can contaminate water that is not sensitive to chlorine and is a potential threat to people with weakened immune systems.
Cryptosporidium
60. Mark visited a local café near work and was debating what to order. He was trying to cut down on caffeine but knew that in addition to coffee, soft drinks and tea also have caffeine in them. Which choice would provide the least caffeine for Mark?
Eight-ounce cup of hot chocolate
62. The _____is the arm of the U.S. government responsible for monitoring municipal water supplies.
EPA
28. Maria is overweight and wants to lose 10 pounds. She is at a party and is deciding what to order at the bar. Which beverage has the fewest calories when mixed with liquor?
Eight ounces club soda
32. Caffeine consumption is known to cause _________.
jitteriness
37. ________ is an actual change in sensitivity to a drug.
Functional tolerance
Sue and her friends are having lunch in the school cafeteria. Sue is drinking bottled water, Joe is drinking Gatorade, Ben has a soft drink, Marsha is sipping iced tea, and Tom is drinking vitamin-enhanced water. Tom thinks he is drinking the best beverage of all because it has vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and some herbs in it. Marsha is counting on the caffeine to keep her alert during her English class and Sue thinks she made the best choice. Ben really doesn't think much about what he drinks at all. Let's answer these questions and learn more about these beverages.65. What effect is attributed to drinking tea?
Increased blood pressure
57. Regular soft drinks are ____.
low in nutrient density
52. Tomas is at a fraternity party and his friends are drinking beer and also smoking marijuana. What interaction would this combination have?
It may prevent vomiting, increasing the risk of alcohol poisoning.
Sue and her friends are having lunch in the school cafeteria. Sue is drinking bottled water, Joe is drinking Gatorade, Ben has a soft drink, Marsha is sipping iced tea, and Tom is drinking vitamin-enhanced water. Tom thinks he is drinking the best beverage of all because it has vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and some herbs in it. Marsha is counting on the caffeine to keep her alert during her English class and Sue thinks she made the best choice. Ben really doesn't think much about what he drinks at all. Let's answer these questions and learn more about these beverages.44. Which would be a good reason for Sue to purchase bottled water?
It tastes better than Sue's tap water.
88. Which statement about bottled water is correct?
Its mineral content can be determined by checking with the bottling company.
56. What water contaminant can cause neurologic damage in children?
Lead
66. _______ refers to the body's increased efficiency of removing high levels of alcohol from the blood due to long-term exposure.
Metabolic tolerance
77. Which statement is not correct about milk consumption?
Milk consumption has steadily risen since 1970.
43. _______ is drawn from an underground source and contains at least 250 parts per million of dissolved solids.
Mineral water
54. Which is not a health benefit associated with moderate coffee consumption?
Reduced risk of obesity
69. Which of the following is a correct statement about enhanced water?
Most enhanced water beverages are not any healthier than other beverages with added sugar.
50. How much alcohol consumption has been proven to be safe during pregnancy?
No amount of alcohol has been proven to be safe.
75. Jill has decided to stop drinking coffee. What should be her initial approach to help avoid headaches and fatigue?
Replace a small amount of regular- with decaffeinated-coffee grounds
55. Which of the following can occur as a result of drinking alcohol excessively on a regular basis?
Stomach ulcers may develop.
84. Since a woman will absorb more alcohol into her blood than a man of the same weight, _____ drink(s) for a woman could have the same effect as _____ drink(s) for a man.
one; two
48. Which meal eaten with an alcoholic beverage would most likely slow down the rate at which the alcohol is absorbed?
pepperoni pizza
29. __________ is thought to be the main factor contributing to a hangover.
The dehydration from the alcohol consumed
Sue and her friends are having lunch in the school cafeteria. Sue is drinking bottled water, Joe is drinking Gatorade, Ben has a soft drink, Marsha is sipping iced tea, and Tom is drinking vitamin-enhanced water. Tom thinks he is drinking the best beverage of all because it has vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and some herbs in it. Marsha is counting on the caffeine to keep her alert during her English class and Sue thinks she made the best choice. Ben really doesn't think much about what he drinks at all. Let's answer these questions and learn more about these beverages.67. Which statement about enhanced waters is correct?
The fat-soluble vitamins will not be well absorbed into the body.
76. Long-term exposure to alcohol increases levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver. What does this mean?
The person must drink more alcohol than before to experience comparable effects.
45. Ben thinks his choice of a regular soft drink is the best because he spent the least amount of money on it. However, which may be a problem with consuming a lot of soft drinks?
The risk of dental caries increases.
61. Which statement concerning alcohol's metabolism in a man and woman of the same height and weight is correct?
The woman has a lower capacity for metabolizing alcohol than the man.
59. Which of the following is a correct statement about soda consumption?
There are no indisputable positive health benefits from soda consumption.
1Robert and Chris have been at a local bar near their dormitory for 1 hour. Chris has had three beers already and Robert tells him to slow down because too much alcohol can cause death. Chris says this is not true since you just go to sleep when you drink too much. Chris also says that since he is allowed two drinks a day on average, he decided to save them up for the weekend. Robert is beginning to suspect that Chris might have a drinking problem. Let's see if you know more than Chris does concerning alcohol by answering these questions.86. Chris argues that beer does not raise your blood alcohol level as much as hard liquor. Which beverage/amount combination has more alcohol than 12 ounces of regular beer?
They all contain the same amount of alcohol.
83. Which statement accurately describes a downside to vegetable juices?
They contain salt.
85. The _________ in cow's milk makes it an unsuitable alternative to human milk for infants.
protein
68. __________ cup(s) of coffee a day are associated with health benefits and little indication of health risks.
Two to three
71. What effect does blockage of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the body when consuming alcohol?
Urine output is increased
Robert and Chris have been at a local bar near their dormitory for 1 hour. Chris has had three beers already and Robert tells him to slow down because too much alcohol can cause death. Chris says this is not true since you just go to sleep when you drink too much. Chris also says that since he is allowed two drinks a day on average, he decided to save them up for the weekend. Robert is beginning to suspect that Chris might have a drinking problem. Let's see if you know more than Chris does concerning alcohol by answering these questions.36. Robert asks Chris to list the stages of alcohol addiction put forth by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). What is the correct sequence of the scale?a
Use, misuse, abuse, and dependency/addiction
89. Which statement about energy drinks is correct?
Using them during exercise may cause light-headedness and nausea.
63. Which nutrient is not supplied by drinking a glass of milk?
Vitamin C
64. Fetal alcohol syndrome is considered to be the most common cause of ____ in the United States.
preventable intellectual disability
Robert and Chris have been at a local bar near their dormitory for 1 hour. Chris has had three beers already and Robert tells him to slow down because too much alcohol can cause death. Chris says this is not true since you just go to sleep when you drink too much. Chris also says that since he is allowed two drinks a day on average, he decided to save them up for the weekend. Robert is beginning to suspect that Chris might have a drinking problem. Let's see if you know more than Chris does concerning alcohol by answering these questions.34As a friend, Robert asks Chris to consider whether low to moderate alcohol consumption is a health benefit or a health risk for him personally. Robert also reminds Chris that the leading cause of death for college-age males is ____.
accidents
81. The combination of alcohol with _______ may lead to a dangerous increase in blood pressure.
antidepressants
70. Even when consumed in moderate amounts, alcohol may still increase the risk of ____ in women.
breast cancer
27. The health benefits of tea appear to be dose-dependent meaning that __________.
drinking more tea provides the greatest effect
1. Because alcohol supplies four kilocalories per gram, it is considered a nutrient.
f
10. It is all right for pregnant women to have beer, but not to consume hard liquor such as scotch or vodka.
f
12. Most caffeine in the United States is consumed in carbonated soft drinks.
f
14. Native Americans have lower rates of liver damage due to alcohol consumption than other ethnic groups.
f
15. Bottled water is pure and free from contaminants.
f
16. Milk chocolate is thought to positively influence cardiovascular health more than dark chocolate.
f
17. Apple juice, consumed daily, may protect against urinary tract infections.
f
19. Changes in metabolism only occur in those who consume excessive alcohol.
f
2. Bottled water typically contains adequate amounts of fluoride to prevent cavities.
f
3. Physiologically, alcohol is a stimulant.
f
6. The nutritional composition of milk is very similar across mammal species.
f
7. Pink and white grapefruit juice contain equal amounts and types of phytochemicals.
f
9. Energy drinks, such as Red Bull, are not permitted to contain herbs.
f
79. Consuming an apple instead of an equivalent amount of apple juice is a more nutrient dense choice because of the apple's ______.
fiber
41. Citrus juices are high in ____ and low in ____.
folate; sodium
35. The herb _____ is often found in energy drinks and is chemically equivalent to caffeine.
guarana
1Robert and Chris have been at a local bar near their dormitory for 1 hour. Chris has had three beers already and Robert tells him to slow down because too much alcohol can cause death. Chris says this is not true since you just go to sleep when you drink too much. Chris also says that since he is allowed two drinks a day on average, he decided to save them up for the weekend. Robert is beginning to suspect that Chris might have a drinking problem. Let's see if you know more than Chris does concerning alcohol by answering these questions.78. As they sit and talk, Chris begins to smoke a cigarette. Robert can't believe his friend has such poor judgment and says, "Chris, don't you know that drinking alcohol and smoking puts you at a much higher risk for ____?"
heart attack
31. When alcohol is consumed, it is mostly absorbed through the ____ and metabolized in the _______.
small intestine; liver
11. Dark chocolate, in moderation, may positively influence cardiovascular health.
t
13. The concentrations of calcium, sodium, and magnesium are what distinguish hard versus soft water.
t
18. Tea is rich in phytochemicals, antioxidants, and caffeine.
t
20. Fetal alcohol syndrome is completely preventable.
t
21. The more colorful a juice is, the more nutritious the juice usually is.
t
22. Orange juice is the most nutrient-dense juice consumed in the United States.
t
23. Drinking alcohol at a rate of one drink per hour allows the liver adequate time to metabolize the alcohol completely.
t
24. Heavy alcohol use, especially when combined with smoking, appears to increase the risk of throat and neck cancers.
t
25. Many studies have shown a positive correlation between moderate alcohol consumption and decreasing incidence of heart disease.
t
26. Examples of standard servings are a 5-ounce glass of wine, a 12-fl oz beer, and 1 ½ fl oz of an 8-proof distilled liquor.
t
4. Soft water contains a higher concentration of sodium than hard water.
t
5. Cryptosporidium is a parasite in water that is highly resistant to chlorine and other disinfectants.
t
8. Pancreatitis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis are all common consequences of heavy drinking.
t
82. Consumption of _____ is associated with a decrease in the plaque formation associated with Alzheimer's disease.
tea
33. The largest percentage of a person's water output leaves the body through ____.
the kidneys as urine
47. The absorption and metabolism of alcohol is unaffected by ____.
the type of ethyl alcohol drink
87. Consuming over three cups of coffee each daily may actually increase risk of cardiovascular disease for individuals who have _______.
uncontrolled hypertension
