CHAP 10- Campaigns and Elections

A(n) ________ does not coincide with a presidential election

mid-term

Private groups that raise and distribute funds for election campaigns are called ________.

political action committees

The Help Americans Vote Act of 2003

required state governments to introduce computerized voting systems.

A major factor in John F. Kennedy's 1960 presidential victory over Richard Nixon was

that Kennedy had a much stronger performance than Nixon during televised debates.

The boundaries of legislative districts in the United States are to be redrawn every ________ years.

10

The principle of "one person, one vote" was established by the Supreme Court in the ________.

1960's

A majority system, which is used on a limited basis in the United States, requires that a candidate must win ________ to win an election.

50 percent plus one of all votes cast

In ________, the Supreme Court determined that purposefully drawing districts where the majority of voters were members of a single minority group, in order to ensure minority representation, was unlawful.

Shaw v. Reno (1993)

________ are sums of money spent to influence an election, but the donating organization is not allowed to coordinate with a candidate's official campaign.

Independent expenditures

A runoff election is likely to occur when

there are more than two candidates running in the election.

When does public-opinion polling take place during a campaign?

throughout the entire campaign

Both 527 committees and 501(c)(4)s

can spend unlimited amounts on political advocacy as long as their efforts are not coordinated with those of any candidate's campaign.

Democratic candidate Bernie Sanders's presidential campaign in 2016 was unique because it

combined elements of both grassroots and mass-media campaigns.

Before the post-World War II era, dark horse candidates were most likely to arise at a national convention when

deadlocks between major factions developed.

While traditional party conventions were ________, contemporary party conventions are ________.

deliberative assemblies to determine nominations; simple ratifications of nominations that have already been determined

The majority of political action committees represent ________.

business and professional groups

The advent of the Australian ballot in the early twentieth century was significant because it

enabled voters to make their choices on the basis of the individual candidate rather than the collective merits of a party's candidates.

National elections are held in the United States on the first Tuesday of November ________ year(s).

every other

In Baker v. Carr (1962), the Supreme Court ruled that

federal courts can constitutionally intervene on the issue of drawing of legislative districts.

During midterm elections, voters are selecting ________.

members of Congress