chap 1.1

Microscopic anatomy has several subdivisions with two main divisions

Cytology Histology

Gross anatomy may be approached in several ways:

Systemic anatomy Regional anatomy Surface anatomy Comparative anatomy Embryology

Most medical school gross anatomy courses are taught using a regional approach.

anatomy

Pathologic anatomy

examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease.

Regional anatomy

examines all of the structures in a particular region of the body as a complete unit. For example, one may study the axillary (armpit) region of the body, and in so doing examine the blood vessels (axillary artery and vein), nerves (branches of the brachial plexus), lymph nodes (axillary lymph nodes), musculature, connective tissue, and skin.

neurophysiology

examines how nerve impulses travel throughout the nervous system and how nervous system organs work

Comparative anatomy

examines similarities and the differences in the anatomy of different species. For example, a comparative anatomy class may examine limb structure in humans, chimps, dogs, and cats.

Microscopic anatomy

examines structures that cannot be observed by the unaided eye.

cardiovascular physiology

examines the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

reproductive physiology

explores how the regulation of reproductive hormones can drive the reproductive cycle and influence sex cell production and maturation

Surface anatomy

focuses on both superficial anatomic markings and the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them.Health-care providers use this features to identify and locate important landmarks, such as pulse locations or the proper body region on which to perform CPR.

pathophysiologist would examine

how blood pressure, contractile force of the heart, and both gas and nutrient exchange may be affected in an individual afflicted with heart disease.

Pathophysiology

investigates the relationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury to that organ system.

Radiographic anatomy

investigates the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or x-ray.

Gross anatomy

investigates the structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye, such as the intestines, stomach, brain, heart, and kidneys

Cytology

is the study of body cells and their internal structure.

Histology

is the study of tissues

Gross anatomy also called

macroscopic anatomy.

Anatomists

scientists who study the structure and form of organisms. examine the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs.

respiratory physiology

studies how respiratory gases are transferred by gas exchange between the lungs and the blood vessels supplying the lungs, among other things

Systemic anatomy

studies the anatomy of each functional body system. For example, studying the urinary system would involve examining the kidneys (where urine is formed) and the organs of urine transport (ureters and urethra) and storage (urinary bladder).

Most anatomy classes also instruct students on important ____anatomy locations.

surface

Most undergraduate anatomy classes study anatomy using this approach.

systemic

Embryology

the discipline concerned with developmental changes occurring from conception to birth.

Physiology

the study of function of the body parts. examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functioning may be altered via medication or disease

Anatomy

the study of structure and form. derived from the Greek word anatome, which means to cut apart or dissect.