chap 17 canvas quiz

the 2 lobes of the pituitary together produce how many hormones?

9

after brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics which of the following hormones?

ADH

changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of

ADH

the posterior pituitary gland secretes

ADH

neurons of the supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture

ADH and OXT

too little secretion of cortisol causes

Addison's disease

the pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

FSH

the pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

GH

proper growth does not require which of the following hormones

MSH

proper growth does not require which of the following hormones?

MSH

the hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is

MSH

which of the following is released due to sensory input and thus part of a neuroendocrine reflex?

OXT

the pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

PRL

the anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

adrenohypophysis

cells of the adrenal cortex produce

aldosterone

reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of

aldosterone

hormones known as catecholamines are

amino acid derivatives

the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces

androgens

two hormones that have opposing effects are called

antagonists

When hormones interact they can produce any of the following kinds of effects, except

apoptosis (synergistic, integrative, permissive, antagonistic)

steroid hormones

bind to receptors in the nucleus to their target cells

the intracellular protein __ binds calcium ions. this complex can then activate enzymes

calmodulin

the endocrine system works most closely with the ___ system to maintain homeostasis

cardiovascular

the hypophyseal portal system

carries neurosecretions to the anterior lobe of the pituitary, has 2 capillary plexuses connected by short veins, carries ADH and oxytocin

peptide hormones are

composed of amino acids

the outer layer of the adrenal gland is the

cortex

a hormone that promotes glucose formation in the liver is

cortisol

which of the following substances acts as a second messenger

cyclic AMP

hormonal actions on cells can affect all of the following except

decrease levels of calcium ions

the primary function of ADH is to

decrease the amount fo water lost at the kidneys

all of the following are result of thyroid hormones except

decreased heart rate and force of contraction

inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in

diabetes mellitus

the exocrine portion of the pancreas produces

digestive enzymes

the hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ___ and ___ systems

endocrine, nervous

the adrenal medulla produces the hormones

epinephrine and norepinephrine

which of the following hormones increases production of RBCs

erythropoietin

the ovaries secrete __ when stimulated by FSH

estrogen

after a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,

gene transcription is initiated

when blood glucose levels fall

glucagon is released

hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the GAS are the

glucocorticoids

the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces

glucocorticoids

hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called

gonadotropins

the pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

growth hormone

all target cells

have hormone receptors and can respond to chemical signals

the most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the

hypothalamus

where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place

in the lumen of the thyroid follicle

the exhaustion phase of the GAS is characterized by all of the following except

increase sweat gland secretions

decreased blood flow to the kidneys would NOT lead to which of the following?

increased release of natriuretic peptide (it does: increase blood levels of renin, erythropoietin, ADH and elevated blood levels of angiotensin)

the pancreatic hormone that causes sugar to enter its target cells is

insulin

the beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce __ which ___ blood sugar

insulin, lowers

each of the following is true of the pineal gland except that it

is a component of the hypothalamus (responds to light/darkness, contains pinealocytes, component of epithalamus, secretes melatonin)

which of the following statement about the endocrine system is false

it releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream

regulatory hormones that control secretion of anterior pituitary hormones are released by neurons at the ___ of the hypothalamus

median eminence

pinealocytes produce

melatonin

the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces

mineralocorticoids

during thr alarm phase of general adaptation syndrome (GAS) there is

mobilization of energy reserves

the pancreatic polypeptide cells (PP cells) of the pancreatic islets produce

pancreatic polypeptide

before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?

parathyroid glands, parathyroid hormone

the hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is

parathyroid hormone

increased levels of the hormone ___ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

when one hormone is needed for a second hormone to produce an effect, it is called

permissive

all of the following are true regarding the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) except that they

release their products directly into the intestines

is stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ___ phase of the general adaption syndrome

resistance

the consistent pattern of hormonal and physiological responses to stresses of different kinds called general adaptation syndrome has all the following phases except

restorative

the consistent pattern of hormonal and physiological responses to stresses of different kinds called general adaption syndrome has all of the following phases except

restorative (alarm, resistance and exhaustion)

the hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by

secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system

cells can respond to __ hormones at a time

several

liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called

somatomedins

receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells except

steroid hormones

receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells EXCEPT

steroid hormones (tryptophan derivatives, peptide hormones, eicosanoids, catecholamines)

the hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

thyroxine

thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid

tyrosine

the link between a first and second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually

a G protein

the link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormone is usually

a G protein

which of the following organs does not contain target cells for oxytocin

the heart

the adrenal gland does not produce steroid hormones in

the medulla

thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

thyroid gland