Chap 8 Psych

Which theory/hypothesis suggests that strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories, and weak emotional experiences form weak memories?

arousal theory

Encoding information occurs through ________

automatic and effortful processing

Which of the following is a good example of acoustic encoding?

being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can't remember the lyrics

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories?

cerebellum

Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of ________

chunking

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________

construction; reconstruction

What did Lashley develop by purposely damaging the brains of rats that had learned a task and then testing those rats to see if the brain damage impaired their ability to complete that same task?

equipotentiality hypothesis

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall?

explicit memories

For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.

flashbulb memory

When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory

implicit

People may not intend to distort facts, but ________

it can happen in the process of retrieving old memories and combining them with new memories

What is semantic memory?

knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, ________

memories are processed the same way that a computer processes information

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

memory

Researchers demonstrated that the hippocampus functions in memory processing by creating lesions in the hippocampi of rats, which resulted in ________

memory impairment on various tasks, such as object recognition and maze running

Which of the following is a way police have changed their interrogation techniques to lower the risk of false memory syndrome? Police have ________

modified the way witnesses are questioned

Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device?

reciting the phrase "Every Good Boy Does Fine" to remember musical notes

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer

recognition

In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________

rehearsal

Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding?

remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-BIV

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________

retrieval

Jason studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary he can't, instead he can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference

retroactive

When experiencing ________ amnesia, you experience loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. When experiencing ________ amnesia, you cannot remember new information

retrograde; anterograde

What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance?

self-reference effect

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding

semantic

The encoding of words and their meaning is known as ________ encoding

semantic

According to Craik and Tulving, how do we process verbal information best?

semantic encoding

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?

sensory memory

Which concept describes the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories?

suggestibility

Elaborative rehearsal involves ________

thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory

Giorgio memorizes the German poem "The Erlking" to recite in his eighth grade German class. He remembers it well for weeks after the presentation, but gradually his ability to recite the poem fades. This is an example of ________, one of the seven sins of memory

transience

What is procedural memory?

type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things

________ encoding is the encoding of images

visual

Remembering ________ is a good example of episodic memory

your first day of school

What is the main idea of levels of processing theory?

If you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful

Why do strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weak emotional experiences form weak memories?

Strong emotional experiences can trigger the release of neurotransmitters and hormones that strengthen memory

Which of the following statements about the amygdala is correct?

The amygdala is involved in the process of transferring new learning into long-term memory

Pan finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of ________ encoding

acoustic

What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged?

another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus

Quincy is struck on the back of the head and finds, while she can remember her life up to the time she was struck on the head, she can no longer make new memories. Quincy has ________ amnesia

anterograde