Chap.3 ES 1000
REGIONAL DYNAMOTHERMAL METAMORPHISM
refers to metamorphism where major crustal movement build mountains and deform rocks.
Granite
rhyolite
Lithified clay
shale
Granite
the mos t abundant igneous rock in continental crust
Basalt
the most abundant igneous rock in oceanic crust
Parent Rock
the original rock before changes by weathering,metamorphism, or other geological processes
Contact Metamorphism
Occurs when hot magma intrudes cooler rock of any type
Burial Metamorphism
A large river carrying massive amounts of sediment to the ocean every year & accumulates on the delta produces this
Slaty Cleavage
A parallel fracture pattern that cuts thru original sedimentary bedding in metamorphic rocks
Igneous rock
About 5% of Earth's crust is made up of this
Ryholite
As granitic magma rises thru the Earth's crust, some of it may erupt from a volcano to form __.
Coal
As peat is buried & compacted by overlying sediment, it converts to __.
Plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene
Basalt consists of approximately equal amounts of ___ & __.
Hydrothermal metamorphism
Caused by hot water
Bioclastic sediment
Consists of broken shell fragments & similar remains of living organism.
Plutonic
E.g. granite
Transformation of Limestone to Marble
E.g. of a metamorphic change in which the new rock has a new texture, but the same minerals
Clastic Sedimentary rock
E.g. shale, sandstone, siltstone
Igneous rocks
Form by solidification of magma
Extrusive rocks
Form when magma erupts & solidifies on the Earth's surface
Intrusive rocks
Form when magma solidifies within the Earth
Basalt
What the oceanic crust is mostly made up of
expands, 10%
When a rock melts, the resulting magma __ by about __.
Basalt , granite
Igneous rocks that have a composition b/w __ &__ are termed intermediate.
Intrusive (plutinic)
Igneous rocks that solidify w.in the Earth;s crust are __.
Conglomerate
Lithified gravel
Carbon dioxide
Most of the Earth's limestone is composed from __.
Basement Rock
Older igneous & metamorphic rock underlying sedimentary rock.
Foliation
Parallel growth of mica (& other minerals) during metamorphism & deformation of shales produces layering
Weathering
Process in which water & air attack rocks at Earth's surface.
Compaction
Process that compresses buried sediment and forces water out of pores spaces .
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Sandstone, siltstone, and shale
75
Sedimentary rocks cover about __% of the Earth's continents.
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
The 3 categories used by geologists to describe how rocks forms are __, __, __.
Metamorphism
The process by which rocks & minerals change in response to changing temperature, pressure, and/or chemical composition within the crust.
Rhyolite
The same mineral that solidifies slowly to form granite can also erupt to form ___.
Compaction
The weight of their underlying sediment on sedimentary grains causes their __.
Sedimentary
Weathering & erosion near the Earth's surface create the materials fro __.
Granite
What the continental crust is mostly made up of
Texture
__ defines the size, shape, and arrangement of igneous mineral grains in a rock.
Diorite
andesite
Gabbro
basalt
The rock cycle
describes geologic process in which all types of rocks change from one type to another over time.
Ripple marks
form in sediment by wind,water currents, or waves.
Sedimentary bedding
forms as sediment is deposited
Metamorphic rock
forms when igneous,sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks change b/c of high temps. and/or pressure, or compositional changes, or are deformed during mountain building
Obsideian
volcanic glass
