Chaps 1,2,3 - Nutrition and the Human Body

Hippocrates, Greek physcian

"Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food"

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he A. decrease his intake of fruits and vegetables. B. avoid overeating during meals. C. take a multivitamin/multimineral pill before meals. D. increase his intake of solid fats.

B. avoid overeating during meals.

The energy value of a raw peach is reported as a number of A. BTUs. B. kilocalories or Calories. C. rads. D. thermals.

B. kilocalories or Calories.

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. A. neurons B. villi C. lacteals D. arteries

B. villi

Kerry weighs 48 kg. What is her approximate weight in pounds? A. 86 pounds B. 96 pounds C. 106 pounds D. 136 pounds

C. 106 pounds To turn Kg (Kilograms) into Lbs (Pounds) take the weight in pounds and multiply it by 2.2!

Which of the following statements is true? A. Most food guides classify eggs in the protein foods group. B. According to MyPlate, foods that provide empty calories should be avoided. C. Olives, salmon and avocados are sources of unhealthy solid fats. D. Food guides generally classify butter in the food group that includes milk and eggs.

A. Most food guides classify eggs in the protein foods group.

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the A. amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population. B. range of intake for a particular nutrient that is not likely to cause toxicity or deficiency. C. minimum amount of a nutrient that is safe to consume and cures the nutrient's deficiency disease. D. None of these is correct.

A. amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the A. amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population. B. range of intake for a particular nutrient that is not likely to cause toxicity or deficiency. C. minimum amount of a nutrient that is safe to consume and cures the nutrient's deficiency disease. D. None of these is correct.

A. amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.

The _____ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them. A. bioavailability B. essentiality C. None of these is correct. D. digestibility

A. bioavailability

When using the MyPlate web site to plan your menus, it is not necessary to provide information about your A. ethnic background. B. sex. C. body weight. D. physical activity level.

A. ethnic background.

A person's usual pattern of food choices is his or her A. nutritional status. B. lifestyle. C. diet. D. All of these are correct.

C. diet.

Certain organs and tissues use _____ to send messages to target cells. A. lacteals B. bonds C. hormones E. enzymes

C. hormones

Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the _____ group. A. empty calories B. fruit and vegetable C. protein foods D. dairy products

C. protein foods

Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the _____ group. A. empty calories fruit and vegetable B. fruit and vegitable C. protein foods D. dairy products

C. protein foods

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and A. reducing physical activity. B. having the lower third of the colon removed. C. taking antidepressant medication. D. lying down after meals.

C. taking antidepressant medication.

Angela weighs 66 kg, which is approximately ____ pounds. A. 30 B. 75 C. 100 D. 145

D. 145 To turn Kg (Kilograms) into Lbs (Pounds) take the weight in pounds and multiply it by 2.2!

How many kilocalories (Calories) are in a portion of food that contains 4 g protein, 10 g fat, 25 g carbohydrate, 130 mg vitamin C, and 120 ml water? A. 118 B. 156 C. 188 D. 206

D. 206

Which of the following behaviors is a risk factor for heart disease? A. Smoking cigarettes B. Being physically inactive C. Consuming excess alcohol D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who need to boost their nutrient intakes. Which of the following dietary standards is he likely to use to develop the new formula? A. AIs B. RDAs C. EERs

D. All of these are correct.

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who need to boost their nutrient intakes. Which of the following dietary standards is he likely to use to develop the new formula? A. AIs B. RDAs C. EERs D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Which of the following factors influences a person's food choices? A. Close friends B. Food advertisements C. Parents' food choices D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions? A. Digestion of large food molecules into various nutrients B. Weight loss as a result of starvation C. Muscle tissues decreasing in size as a result of D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Four-year-old Eva was born with a rare condition characterized by the lack of mucus-producing cells in her digestive tract. Based on this information, Eva probably A. All of these are correct. B. experiences abdominal pain after eating. C. has numerous stomach ulcers. D. has difficulty eliminating feces during bowel movements.

A. All of these are correct.

When using the MyPlate web site to plan your menus, it is not necessary to provide information about your A. ethnic background. B. sex C. body weight. D. physical activity level.

A. Ethnic Background

The recommended dose of a vitamin is 2.0 mg. Based on this information, a megadose of the vitamin would be _____ mg or more. A. A very small amount of the vitamin, much less than 2mg. B. A very large amount of the vitamin, much greater than 2mg.

B. A very large amount of the vitamin, much greater than 2mg.

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who are healthy but need to avoid solid food for awhile. Based on this information, she is likely to refer to _____ when developing the new formula. A. Dietary Guidelines (2010 version) B. DRIs C. MyPlate D. Exchange lists

B. DRIs

Which of the following statements is true? A. Nutrition scientists have established RDAs for all essential nutrients. B. People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement. C. People who consume 90% of the RDA for iron regularly are likely to develop an iron deficiency. D. People who consume less than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of a nutrient have a high risk of developing the nutrient's toxicity disorder.

B. People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.

Which of the following statements is true? A. Nutrition scientists have established RDAs for all essential nutrients. B. People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement. C. People who consume 90% of the RDA for iron regularly are likely to develop an iron deficiency. D. People who consume less than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of a nutrient have a high risk of developing the nutrient's toxicity disorder.

B. People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans? A. Alcohol B. Sugar (a type of carbohydrate) C. Caffeine D. None of these are correct

B. Sugar (a type of carbohydrate)

A serving of food supplies 18 g protein, 20 g carbohydrate, 7 g fat, 18 mg vitamin E, 2 mg iron, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food? A. Fat provides the most food energy. B. Vitamin E provides the most food energy. C. Carbohydrate provides the most food energy. D. Fat provides about 75% of total calories.

C. Carbohydrate provides the most food energy.

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion? A. Pituitary B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Gallbladder

C. Pancreas

When following recipes, Candice wants to use fats that are not solid fats. Which of the following fats should she use? A. Unsalted butter B. Shortening C. Safflower oil D. Lard

C. Safflower oil

Phil wants to eat more foods that are sources of healthy fats. Based on this information, which of the following foods would you recommend? A. Whole milk B. Ground beef C. Sodium-reduced bacon D. Sunflower seeds

D. Sunflower seeds

Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. According to MyPlate, these drinks should be classified as A. fruit juices. B. watery fluids. C. carbohydrate-rich foods. D. empty calories.

D. empty calories.

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he is likely to develop A. Crohn's disease. B. colon cancer. C. chronic constipation. D. gastroesophageal reflux disease.

D. gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta A. Digests food too rapidly. B. None of these is correct. C. cannot tolerate eating cold foods. D. has trouble swallowing.

D. has trouble swallowing.