Chapter 01: Introduction to Nursing

The role of medicine developed from the pre-civilization era through the eras representing the beginning of civilization, the beginning of the 16th century, the 18th and 19th centuries, the World War II era and up to the present day. Place the events that defined these eras listed below in the correct chronologic order to follow this timeline.

Belief in good and evil spirits bringing health or illness existed; medicine men were physicians. Temples were the centers of medical care; belief that illness is caused by sin and the displeasure of the gods existed; priests were physicians. Focus on religion was replaced by a focus on warfare, exploration, and expansion of knowledge. Hospital schools were organized; female nurses were under control of male hospital administrators and physicians; males dominated the health care setting. An explosion of knowledge in medicine and technology occurred. Varied health care settings developed.

The nursing process is:

a critical thinking method used by nurses to provide nursing care that is individualized and holistic.

A registered nurse (RN) is caring for four clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which task is most appropriate for the nurse to delegate to the licensed practical nurse (LPN)?

administering bedside blood glucose testing

A nurse mentoring second-year nursing students from a community college plans clinical experiences for them. These students will most likely graduate in which time frame?

at the end of the year

A new graduate is preparing to enter into nursing practice. Which should be the central focus for this nurse in practice?

care of the client

The nurse is caring for a client who is on a ventilator. The nurse is bathing and talking to the client, including telling the client what is going to happen next. The nurse speaks to the client in a soothing manner. The nurse is acting in which role? Select all that apply.

caregiver communicator educator

What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War?

lack of educational standards

A prospective nursing student desires a career that will allow the opportunity to provide client care and to assist professional nurses with routine technical procedures. The prospective student needs to be employed in a full-time position quickly due to economic hardship. What type of nursing program would best suit this student?

licensed or vocational nursing program

The nurse is conducting a community education class on the 2011 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on the role of nursing in transforming health care. Which statements made by the nurse correlate with the IOM recommendations for transforming nursing education? Select all that apply.

"Education should be transformed to ensure a seamless academic transition." "Nurses are no longer the handmaidens of physicians and should be full partners in redesigning health care."

The nurse is caring for a client who ascribes to the theory of animism. When attempting to explain this theory to other staff members, the nurse should state:

"Everything in nature is alive with invisible forces."

The registered nurse is teaching a community health class about illness prevention. Which statement reflects understanding of this concept?

"It is important to enroll in a smoking cessation class."

The nurse is attempting to provide anticipatory guidance for the parents of an 18-month-old child. Which statement would be best for the nurse to make?

"Keep all medications in a locked cabinet."

A BSN nurse is discussing the benefits of a BSN to high school students. Which statement made by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"Many nursing management jobs require a BSN."

A client asks an RN to prescribe a medication for pain. What is the best answer by the nurse?

"Only advanced practice registered nurses have prescriptive authority."

In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin?

18th to 19th century

The nurse is evaluating client health. Which client should the nurse determine to be exhibiting the most signs of health?

A client with a leg amputation who performs activities of daily living with a prosthesis

After hearing a presentation about the American Nurses Association (ANA), a nurse decides to join the organization based on the understanding that:

ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in the United States.

Which advancement in the nursing profession occurred immediately after World War II?

Advanced nursing education was established.

A nurse is helping a client on hospice make an informed decision about his own health and life. Which nursing role has this nurse performed?

Advocate

Which is an appropriately stated nursing intervention?

Ambulate 30 ft (9 m) twice a day with the assistance of a walker.

The first nursing journal owned, operated, and published by nurses was:

American Journal of Nursing

Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice?

American Nurses Association

Which nursing group provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing?

American Nurses Association (ANA)

The nurse is considering medical-surgical certification after working in a medical-surgical floor for the past five years. Nursing specialty certification is given by which group?

American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)

Which scenario is the best example of the nurse in the role of teacher/educator?

Assessing whether the client is able to perform a dressing change

The nurse is performing care for a client in the end stage of cancer. How can the nurse best facilitate the client and family's ability to cope? Select all that apply.

Assist the client with activities of daily living (ADLs). Assist the client and family with the preparation for end-of-life. Refer the client and family to hospice services.

A nurse is planning to pursue further education in the hopes of becoming an expert in geriatric nursing who carries out direct care. For which expanded career role is the nurse preparing?

Clinical nurse specialist

During the course of any given day of work in the acute care setting, the nurse may need to perform which roles? Select all that apply.

Communicator Counselor Teacher

The new nursing graduate is concerned about some of the critical changes that will be occurring in nursing. What changes does the nurse anticipate will impact nursing care?

Difficulty for nurses to remain current in a rapidly changing medical and technology environment

Nurses who enlist their services to the military are able to do so thanks to the work of which organizer of health care?

Dorothea Dix

The nurse is performing an extensive dressing change on a client with burns. The nurse explains each step as it is being performed. The nurse is acting in which role by providing explanation of each step?

Educator

What is the best nursing intervention to promote health in a client at risk for heart disease?

Emphasizing a client's strengths to encourage weight loss

Which standards are monitored by the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)? Select all that apply.

Evidence-based practice Client-centered care Informatics Quality improvement

A client is distraught because a recent computed tomography (CT) scan shows that the client's colon cancer has metastasized to the lungs. Which nursing aim should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this client?

Facilitating coping

The nurse is documenting the client's response to a medication. This action reflects a practice that was started by which key figure in nursing's history?

Florence Nightingale

The registered nurse is performing a nutritional assessment to ensure that the client's diet is optimal for wound healing. The nurse's intervention can be traced back to which key contributor to nursing?

Florence Nightingale

Which are approved as nursing diagnoses? Select all that apply.

Impaired Skin Integrity Caregiver Role Strain Compromised Family Coping

The nurse preparing a lecture on the history of nursing should include which international organization as the first for professional nurses?

International Council of Nurses

The nurse discussing the importance of professional nursing organizations setting standards should include which statement?

It helps identify nursing as a profession.

Which individual provided community-based care and founded public health nursing?

Lillian Wald

Who established the first public health service for the sick and poor?

Lillian Wald

Attracting minorities to the profession of nursing is an important consideration for the future of nursing. Which key historical nursing figure set a precedent in this area?

Mary Eliza Mahoney

A nurse wishes to pursue a degree as a nurse practitioner. What is the minimal degree needed by the nurse?

Master's

A nurse identifies a client's health care needs and devises a plan of care to meet those needs. Which guideline is being followed in this case?

Nursing process

The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice?

Nursing process

What might a nurse need to do to ensure the continuation of his or her nursing license?

Obtain continuing education credits.

A nurse in the community has been asked to join an organization based on the leadership abilities demonstrated both in the facility of employment and community-based activities. Which organization is most likely being described?

Sigma Theta Tau International

Which nurse is demonstrating a type of nursing whose roots go back to the ancient Greek times when temples were the center of nursing care?

The nurse conducting a blood pressure screening at a local church

Which nursing actions demonstrate the aim of nursing to facilitate coping? Select all that apply.

Teaching a client and her family how to live with diabetes Assisting a client and his family to prepare for death Providing counseling for the family of a teenager with an eating disorder

What are the best examples of the role of the nurse as a communicator? Select all that apply.

Telling a client their blood pressure Calling a physician about a client's blood pressure Informing the physical therapist that the client's therapy was discontinued Discussing laboratory values with a client

Which explanation accurately differentiates the role of the registered nurse (RN) from that of the licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)?

The LPN/LVN should work under the supervision of an RN.

The registered nurse communicates with the physical therapist that a client is now on strict bed rest due to bradycardia. Which statement best explains the standard exemplified by the nurse?

The RN coordinates care delivery.

The nurse conducts a home safety assessment for a client. Which statement best explains the standard of care being implemented?

The RN promotes a safe environment.

A nurse is providing care for clients in a long-term care facility. What should be the central focus of this care?

The client receiving the care

Which is the best example of a client-centered approach to care?

The nurse asks the client about health goals.

A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which is true regarding nurse researchers?

They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing.

The registered nurse (RN) working with a licensed practical nurse (LPN) understands which about LPNs?

They must take a licensure exam.

A physician tells the nurse that nursing is a discipline, but not a profession. Which criteria should the nurse utilize to demonstrate that nursing is increasingly recognized as a profession? Select all that apply.

Well-defined body of knowledge Code of ethics Ongoing research Sets standards

The RN is working with hospital administrators to transform care at their facility. Which nursing competency will be critical for the nurse to utilize?

Work effectively in interdisciplinary teams

The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time?

World War II

A nurse must possess several characteristics to be successful in this profession. Secondary to critical thinking skills, which is of great value?

advocating for the client at all times

A nurse is considering relocating to another state to practice nursing. Which is the most appropriate action by the nurse to ensure ability to practice in the new state?

applying for a reciprocal license in the new state

The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of cancer, and allows the client to verbalize fears relating to how to tell the children. The nurse's intervention reflects which aspect of nursing?

art of nursing

The nurse is caring for a client who cannot meet health needs independently. Which action made by the nurse depicts concern and attachment?

asking the client, "How are you today? I am really worried about you."

The nurse graduated several years ago from a 2-year nursing program at a community college near the home city. Recently, the nurse has considered moving from providing direct client care into an administrative role, but recognizes the need for further education to be considered for such a position. The nurse most likely possesses which nursing qualification?

associate degree

The nurse is caring for a postoperative client. The health care provider has written a prescription for a pain medication, and the prescription gives a dosage range for the amount the nurse may give depending on the severity of the client's pain. This type of functioning within the health care team is called:

collaborative functioning.

A nurse is moving to another state and will be working at an acute care facility. Prior to beginning practice, what actions should the nurse take to be compliant with state guidelines for nursing practice? Select all that apply.

ct response: Research the laws and regulations that govern nursing practice in the new state Locate the state nursing practice acts Access educational resources related to nursing practice in another state Define the legal requirements and titles for registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs)

Which nursing action best exemplifies the nurse's role in promoting health?

encouraging a group of junior high school students to engage in regular physical activity

The primary aim of the Healthy People 2020 initiative is:

health promotion.

When administering immunizations, the nurse is engaged in:

illness prevention.

In the role of entrepreneur, the nurse's primary responsibility is:

managing a health-related business.

Due to the rising cost of health care services, many procedures and treatments are being delivered in what type of setting?

outpatient facilities

Which is the best example of a nurse demonstrating the role of caregiver?

starting an intravenous line in the client's arm

The nurse is conducting a class for nursing assistants. One of the students asks the nurse why blood pressure, pulse, and temperature are called "vital signs." Which explanations would the nurse offer the student?

"Because significant deviation from normal is not compatible with life."