Chapter 02. The Founding and the Constitution

equal representation for each state-New jersey plan and Connecticut compromise bicameral legislature - Virginia Plan and Connecticut compromise representation based on population - Virginia Plan and Connecticut compromise unicameral legislature-New jersey plan

Match the appropriate Constitutional Convention plan with its features.

believed the Bill of Rights was unnecessary-Federalists Only argued that representatives must be "a true picture of the people-Antifederalists Only attacked the elastic (or necessary and proper) clause-Antifederalists Only wanted a limited government-Both Antifederalists and Federalists

Match the groups with their positions during the Constitutional Convention and ratification.

Many tend to be concerned with the structure of the government. (Many successful amendments detail the framework within which the government will operate: who votes, how the government is organized, and how government is funded.)

How are the various successful constitutional amendments similar?

Annapolis Convention Shays's Rebellion Constitutional Convention

Place in chronological order the events that led up to the end of the Articles of Confederation.

Stamp Act Boston Tea Party Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation adopted Constitution adopted

Place the events in chronological order.

Same Question

Same Question

Federalism Separation of powers

The division of power, by a constitution, between a central government and regional governments is known as ____________. The division of power among several institutions that must cooperate in decision-making is known as __________

indirectly appointing Supreme Court justices

The president can work __________to modify the Constitution by ______

Supported the Taxes or Indifferent royalists Opposed the Taxes small farmers southern planters New England merchants shopkeepers, artisans, and town workers

Upon the adoption of the Stamp and Sugar Acts, which sectors of society opposed the taxes and which supported or were indifferent towards the taxes?

collection of 85 essays supporting ratification of the Constitution (Written by prominent Federalists, these essays were instrumental in convincing states to adopt the Constitution.)

What are the Federalist Papers?

Correct Answer(s) declare war make treaties appoint senior officers of the United States Army coin or borrow money Incorrect Answer(s) appoint a president levy taxes regulate commerce between the states

Which of the following are examples of the powers of Congress under the Articles of Confederation?

Correct Answer(s) passage in a national convention, followed by ratification by conventions in three-fourths of the states passage in the House and Senate, followed by ratification by three-fourths of the states Incorrect Answer(s) proposal by the president, followed by two-thirds majority in the Congress proposal by the Supreme Court, followed by ratification by a national convention

Which of the following methods for amending the Constitution are provided in Article V?

Antifederalists feared elite power argued for inclusion of individual liberties wanted states to retain more power Patrick Henry Federalists feared "excessive democracy" favored a strong national government Alexander Hamilton

Identify the beliefs and leaders of the Antifederalists and the Federalists.

Picture (This method has been used 26 times; the vast majority of amendments are proposed and ratified in this way.)

In a wave election, suppose a political party wins a strong majority in offices at all levels of government. Its chief political promise is to adopt term limits for members of Congress. Given our knowledge of how previous constitutional amendments have been proposed and adopted, which of the four strategies of amending the Constitution to impose term limits would give them the greatest likelihood of success? Select the best route in the following graphic.

Delegates gather at the Constitutional Convention. The Federalist Papers are published The Constitution is ratified by the states. The Bill of Rights is adopted.

Place these events surrounding the creation of the U.S. system of government in chronological order.

State laws banning same-sex marriage were overturned after the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges.-supremacy clause A Virginia law recently passed that removes photo ID requirements for voting, expands absentee voting, and makes Election Day a state holiday.- tenth amendment Legislation has been sponsored in Congress to raise the minimum wage to $15.- elastic clause

State laws banning same-sex marriage were overturned after the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges.Press Space to openelastic clausesupremacy clauseTenth Amendment A Virginia law recently passed that removes photo ID requirements for voting, expands absentee voting, and makes Election Day a state holiday.Press Space to openelastic clausesupremacy clauseTenth Amendment Legislation has been sponsored in Congress to raise the minimum wage to $15.

elites the majority

The Antifederalists were particularly concerned about tyranny of ________ , whereas Federalists were primarily concerned about tyranny of ________

False (Constitutional revision can come in different forms. The Supreme Court has a key role in constitutional revision through the power of judicial review in which it interprets the Constitution as it reviews cases.)

The Supreme Court has no role in constitutional revision.

Correct Answer(s) the ratification of the Bill of Rights Incorrect Answer(s) the appointment of senators the limitation of the supremacy clause the creation of the Supreme Court

What successes did the Antifederalists have in influencing the Constitution?

Correct Answer(s) The attendees recognized the need to revise the Articles of Confederation. It initiated the movement toward the Constitutional Convention. Incorrect Answer(s) The convention benefited from broad attendance. The delegates resolved to replace the Articles of Confederation.

Which statements accurately describe the Annapolis Convention?

allowed states to retain sovereignty-Articles of Confederation sought to develop a unified national identity-Declaration of Independence limited the powers of the national government-Articles of Confederation emphasized importance of unalienable rights-Declaration of Independence

Match each feature to either the Articles of Confederation or the Declaration of Independence.

approval required to enact laws - Both write revenue bills- House chosen for six-year terms-Senate only ratify treaties- Senate only approve presidential appointments - Senate Only more responsive to the public -House only

Match each task or characteristic to whether it is reserved for the Senate, the House of Representatives, or both chambers.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act creates the Congressional Oversight Commission to oversee the Treasury Department's implementation of the loan fund for small businesses-legislative branch checking the executive branch The Supreme Court ruled that Article II of the Constitution does not provide immunity for President Trump who seeks to enjoin enforcement of a subpoena for his business and financial records by the Manhattan District Attorney-judicial branch checking the executive branch The mandatory Medicaid expansion provision of the Affordable Care Act was ruled unconstitutional-judicial branch checking the legislative branch

The framers set up a system of checks and balances to limit the power of the national government. Which institutional checks and balances are exhibited with these examples?

Powers Granted by the Constitution power to resolve conflicts between state and federal laws lifetime appointments Powers Not Granted by the Constitution judicial review authority to determine its own size and composition

What powers did the Constitution grant to the judicial branch and the Supreme Court?

They published the Federalist Papers. (The Federalist Papers were a collection of 85 essays written by several prominent Federalists. The essays sought to dispel the notion that a strong national government would be harmful for the country.)

What was one way the Federalists cultivated support for the Constitution?

Correct Answer(s) Congress has amended the Constitution, and the states have ratified the amendments. Courts have adapted the Constitution to fit modern circumstances. Incorrect Answer(s) The states have petitioned to call a national convention. The president has amended the Constitution with an executive order.

How has the text and understanding of the Constitution changed over time?

State laws and the state constitution are supreme.Articles of confederation The national government is granted the authority to maintain an army and navy. Constitution Amendments require unanimous support of the states. Articles of confederation It created an executive branch of government.- Constitution

How did the Constitution differ from the Articles of Confederation? Match the correct document to its features.

Picture Correct Answer(s) The Fifteenth, Nineteenth, and Twenty-Sixth amendments had a considerable influence over elections, extending the franchise to a diverse group of Americans. Among the constitutional amendments expanding voting rights, the Nineteenth Amendment resulted in the greatest expansion in terms of the 2018 election. Incorrect Answer(s) The expansion of voting rights through the Fifteenth, Nineteenth, and Twenty-Sixth amendments had little effect in terms of the 2018 electorate. Extending voting rights to those ages 18-20 had a greater influence than granting women voting rights since the 18-20 group is larger and more politically engaged.

Identify the correct and incorrect statements.Identify the correct and incorrect statements.

Opposed Supported House of Representative

The Constitutional Congress reached the Three-Fifths Compromise to decide how enslaved people would be counted toward congressional representation. Northerners _______ counting the enslaved as part of the population, whereas southerners _______ counting them. According to the compromise, five enslaved people would count as three free persons when calculating how many representatives each state received in the _______

Virginia New Jersey Connecticut

The _______________ Plan pushed for representation based on population, whereas the ____________ Plan called for equal representation for all states. The Great Compromise, proposed by _________ split the difference between the two and saved the Constitutional Convention from dissolving.

Correct Answer(s) Many of the delegates were concerned with the protection of property. The convention was primarily organized by merchants and large planters. Incorrect Answer(s) The delegates were not interested in fundamentally changing the structure of government. The delegates were only interested in personal financial gain.

Which statements accurately describe the Constitutional Convention of 1787?

False (The elastic clause and supremacy clause grant powers to the national government beyond those expressly outlined in the Constitution, and this often becomes a source of conflict that must be resolved by the judiciary.)

The inclusion of expressed powers in the U.S. Constitution resolves any ambiguity in the powers of the three branches of government.

The Constitution establishes a framework for making laws. (The Constitution enables legislation to be enacted but does not determine what that legislation will be.)

What does the concept of the Constitution as a "higher law" imply?

Correct Answer(s) protection of the rights of the individual a confederation of small "republic" states Incorrect Answer(s) rule by the elite a strong executive branch concentrated powers for the national government

What kind of government did Antifederalists want to develop?

Correct Answer(s) limits on the power of government how to prevent tyranny how much representation the people should have in government Incorrect Answer(s) how to amend the Constitution

What were some of the major points of disagreement during ratification of the Constitution?

Correct Answer(s) Shays's Rebellion demonstrated that the national government was too weak to respond to a crisis, which led to the Philadelphia Convention. Shays's Rebellion encouraged Congress to adopt the Annapolis resolution and commit to revising the Articles of Confederation in Philadelphia. Incorrect Answer(s) Shays's Rebellion highlighted the centrality of the slavery issue. Shays demanded that the convention adopt the Great Compromise or he would dissolve the convention. The government's ability to end Shays's Rebellion quickly proved the Articles of Confederation were working well.

What were the effects of Shays's Rebellion in the lead up to the Constitutional Convention?

He feared that consolidating power into the hands of one branch could infringe upon individual liberties. (The consolidation of power into the hands of one person or institution, he believed, could lead to tyrannical control.Montesquieu recommended dividing executive, legislative, and judicial powers across different institutions, arguing that this arrangement worked well in the Roman Republic and in Britain.)

Why did the philosopher Baron de Montesquieu believe in the separation of powers among various branches of government?

Abolished slavery- 13th Amendment defines citizenship and applies due process to the states-14th Amendment protects freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of the press-1st Amendment reserves certain rights for the states or people-10th Amendment

Match each amendment to its correct description.

Limits the National Government's Powers checks and balances Tenth Amendment Bill of Rights Expands the National Government's Powers the elastic clause the supremacy clause

Which constitutional features expand the power of the national government, and which limit it?

Correct Answer(s) the electoral college indirect election of senators Incorrect Answer(s) direct popular elections closed primaries

Which constitutional features reflect a fear of tyranny of popular majorities?

Correct Answer(s) It listed grievances against England. People have certain rights that government cannot take away. Incorrect Answer(s) Monarchy is the only legitimate form of government. The Articles of Confederation protected the rights of the people.

Which ideas are found in the Declaration of Independence?

Ohio passed a law banning abortions after a fetus becomes viable, and the American Civil Liberties Union is suing to overturn the law. Which branch settles disputes between state and federal laws?- Judicial branch U.S. District Judge Samuel Kent was convicted of multiple counts of sexual abuse, which led to his impeachment. Which branch impeaches? - Legislative branch U.S. Steel reported a spill of toxic chemicals near Lake Michigan. Which branch is responsible for the enforcement of laws such as the Clean Water Act? Executive branch

Which institution has the authority to act in each context?

Correct Answer(s) The colonists convened the First Continental Congress. Britain restricted westward expansion in the colonies. Incorrect Answer(s) Americans became even more hesitant to challenge British rule. America immediately declared independence from Britain.

Which of the following resulted from the Boston Tea Party?

Correct Answer(s) The U.S. government could not enforce treaties. The U.S. government had no power to intervene when radical factions began influencing some state governments. Incorrect Answer(s) The national government failed to organize westward expansion. Foreign commerce suffered because the national government had too many restrictive policies.

Which of the following were shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation?

Correct Answer(s) large states versus small states slave states versus nonslave states national power versus state power Incorrect Answer(s) amending the Articles of Confederation versus replacing them completely city power versus state power

Which of the following were tensions at the Constitutional Convention of 1787?

Correct Answer(s) vetoing legislation passed by Congress recognizing foreign countries granting pardons appointing major departmental personnel Incorrect Answer(s) declaring laws unconstitutional regulating commerce closing federal courts during emergency declarations

Which powers does the Constitution grant the president?

Correct Answer(s) to help pay for the wars started by the American colonists to reduce the size of the British government's debt Incorrect Answer(s) to punish the colonists for agitating for independence to compensate for the establishment of American representatives in the British Parliament

Why did the British government impose taxes on the American colonies?

Correct Answer(s) judicial review the right to privacy Miranda rights Incorrect Answer(s) the right to a speedy trial

Which rights are not explicitly mentioned in the U.S. Constitution but derived by the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution?

Correct Answer(s) Support for the British among some Bostonians increased. Prominent Bostonians defended the soldiers who participated. Incorrect Answer(s) Bostonians abandoned their radical efforts to oppose British authority. Bostonians raided tea-carrying ships in Boston Harbor.

Which statements about the colonist response to the Boston Massacre are accurate?

judicial review interpret

The Supreme Court exercises the power of ___________ which allows the Court to ________ the Constitution.