Chapter 03: Federalism
In response to a challenge to the national governments gun free school zones act of 1990, the Supreme Court found the law to be
And unconstitutional infringement on states reserved police powers
Which article Of the constitution includes the supremacy clause
Article VI
In which of the following ways does the constitution enable states to protect their constitutional powers
By giving them final say regarding amending the constitution and by giving them voice in the national government through representation in the legislative body
Which of the following governing powers fit within the definition of concurrent powers
-borrow money - eminent domain - contract and pay debts - levy taxes
Which amendment reserves powers for the states that are not expressly delegated to the national government by the Constitution
10th
The privileges and immunities clause guarantees the rights of which of the following groups?
Citizens engaging in interstate travel or citizens who moved to another state
Federal grants in aid
Do not need to be paid back
And approach to federal state relationships in which the national government takes care of it's a numerate it powers while the state governments independently take care of the reserved powers is known as blank federalism
Dual
Which of the following defines a federal system of government
Dual sovereignty
The 14th amendment required that state governments follow fair procedures before taking away a persons life, liberty's, or pursuit of happiness is called
Due process
The following statement best represents the American constitutional model of federalism
Each level is sovereign, with the exception of overlapping issues, in which case the federal level enjoys supremacy.
Regulate the money supply
Establish a national bank
The formula for categorical 4 mg includes which of the following variables
Factors related to the purpose of the grant
True or false: only Republican lawmakers and president support devolution, or the return of policy responsibilities to state and local governments
False: both Republican and Democratic lawmakers broadly support devolution but tend to disagree about which policy areas should be involved
The constitution in numerate it powers for which level of government
Federal
Which of the following is typically pointed out as a disadvantage of the US federal system today
It creates inequalities in services and policies
How did the original constitution handle the issue of state sovereignty
It did not speak of it directly
How is the 16th amendment important to the development of cooperative federalism
It gave federal government revenue that I could use to financially assist the states
Block grant
It provides the greatest discretion for allocating funds
Formula grant
It typically requires state or local government to match grant funds
Article 3 of the constitution enumerates power to the
Judicial branch
Which of the following is the result of state and local government dependence on national finance assistance
More national control of state and local government activity
Which of the following is characteristic of cooperative era intergovernmental transfers?
National grants-in-aid carried few specific terms and conditions
And Mccolloch versus Maryland, the supreme court found that in a conflict between national legislation and state legislation,
National law is supreme as long as it falls under the national governments enumerated and implied powers
What is the constitutional basis for preemption?
National policy naturally supersede state and local policy if the issue falls within the enumerated and implied national powers
A recent California state law that restrict state authorities from cooperating with federal immigration agents, and places limits on Agents in touring schools, churches, hospitals, or court houses to 10 undocumented immigrants is not compatible with the national government efforts to detain and possibly the port undocumented immigrants. California is law is an example of
Nullification
US citizens typically owe which legally require duty or burden to every governing layer
Paying taxes
Final say over the meaning of constitutional language rests with the
Supreme Court
Which of the following statements regarding regional governments in a unitary system or correct?
The central government can aluminate any regional unit, the central government creates all regional units, and the central government can unilaterally remove responsibilities and authority from regional governments
Why did the colonies eventually declare independence from the British crown?
The colonies had no formal venue for influencing parliamentary policy
Every law passed by any layer of American government must comply with
The constitution
Which of the following statements about the constitutions delegation of state authority is accurate?
The constitution locks a lot of specific detail on state authority.
The necessary and proper clause in article 1 section 8 of the constitution extends
The enumerated federal powers
What was Maryland's primary legal argument in Mccolloch versus Maryland
The enumerated powers under article 1 do not provide Congress the power to create a national bank
Characterize the US federal system with respect to benefits and drawbacks
The experience with federalism has had some benefits but also drawbacks
The three following tend to cause confusion about the federal system of government?
The fact that most government services and benefits are products of a collaborative effort by two or more governments, the third level of local governments that are set up by states, and Vague constitutional language relating to the distribution of sovereignty
The US constitution defines a recognizes powers associated with the following level of government
The federal and state levels
Which of these officials must request to the extradition of a possible criminal to the state in which a crime occurred?
The governor of the state in which the crime occurred
The US federal system can be confusing because
The language of the constitution is vague and needs to be interpreted
Which of the following is the primary controversy regarding federal grants in aid?
The money comes with strings attached, which allows the national government to much control over state policy making
If there is a debate between a national law in the state law, how does the supreme court typically resolve the situation?
The supreme court generally takes the stance of the national government trumps state governments, as outlined in the supremacy clause
If there is a debate between a national law and a state law, how does the supreme court typically resolve the situation?
The supreme court generally takes the stance that the national government trumps state governments, as outlined in the supremacy clause
True or false: citizens living in a country with the federal system experience different rates, liberties, and civic opportunities based on where they live.
True: each American citizen lives under federal, state, and local government. Each governing entity has different priorities, laws, and services
True or false: state and local laws are on enforceable on Indian reservations
True: even though Indian reservations live within state borders, it is national treaties and national laws, not state and local laws, that apply to the reservations populations and lands
Inconsistent legislation nullification
When is state law conflicts with or attempts to alter the rules or procedures and acted in an existing national law
True nullification
When state law explicitly declares a national law unconstitutional
Compared to cooperative federalism, centralized federalism was characterized by
greater national government control
Why is the necessary and proper clause also referred to as the elastic clause?
the national government uses the clause to stretch its enumerated authority
Which of these descriptions is consistent with the federal system?
Each of two governing layers holds ultimate authority over different matters.
Which of the following is a power delegated to the states?
Electing congressional representatives
The 14th amendment extends which of the following liberties the citizens of the various states?
Equal protection of the laws, due process, privileges and immunities
Provide for the general welfare
Establish national parks
Interstate commerce
Grant charters to a companies doing business in multiple states
Which of the following most feels the current states rights movement?
Gridlock in congress
In a Confederation, the central government has what authority over states and localities?
Limited
Which of the following requires the national government to ensure that state governments follow due process and guarantee equal protection of the laws?
14th amendment
During which period was dual federalism the dominant form of federalism in the United States
1789 to 1932
When did the united states ratified the 16th amendment
1913 (collecting income tax from workers and corporations w/o giving some to states based on population)
The first constitution of the United States created
A confederal system of government
Nullification
A legal theory that state governments have the authority to invalidate national actions they deem unconstitutional
Which of the following describes nullification
A legal theory that state governments have the authority to invalidate national actions they deem unconstitutional
The following state policy issues could best be solved by an interstate compact
A river borders to states that both wish to harness its energy potential
In the US federal system, basic governing powers are
Concurrent between the national and state governments
Which system allows a national government to maintain authority within its borders while cooperating with the independent sovereign governments that form it?
Confederal system
Which of the following refers to intergovernmental relations in which elements of dual federalism, cooperative federalism, and centralized federalism are evident in the domestic policies implemented by state and local governments?
Conflicted federalism
Which of the following characterizes the effect of the contemporary political conditions have had on the function of the US federal system?
Contemporary political conditions have made it harder for the federal system to work
Which of these colonies adopted it's own constitution after the declaration of independence from Great Britain?
Every colony did
Which law, passed in 2015, evolves education policy responsibility back to states and local school district's?
Every student succeeds act
In Gibbons versus Ogden, the supreme court loosely defined the term commerce as used in the constitution, which had the effect of
Expanding the power of the national government
True or false: categorical project grants provide more money to the government and categorical formula grants
False: categorical project grants are for a narrow, specified purpose, whereas categorical formula grants find broader programs for larger populations
True or false: the Constitution requires governors to except extradition requests made by fellow governors
False: courts have previously supported governor's refusal to extradite individuals
True or false: the Constitution does not delegate any powers to the states
False: the constitution delegates several powers to the states, which provide the states with a distinct voice in the composition and priorities of the national government.
True or false: despite tensions between many democratic state governments and the Trump administration, intergovernmental relations remain exceedingly cooperative
False: the pace of lawsuits by state attorneys general against the federal government has become extraordinary. An average of one lawsuit or legal motion has been filed every five days since trumps inauguration
True or false: there are few were conditions on how states can use block grants today then there were when they were first Introduced
False: this statement is false. There are more conditions today than there once were.
Which system of government makes use of the Innovation of dual sovereignty?
Federal system
National defense
Find the development of fighter aircraft
The relationship that arises between national and state And local governments as the result of national grants of money is best described as
Fiscal federalism
State laws that legalize the use of marijuana despite the fact that it is illegal under federal law best exemplify
Inconsistent legislation nullification
In recent years the US federal system has been affected by
Increased Pardison conflict within Congress and increased hostility and tension between state governments in the national government
What has been the pattern of intergovernmental relations for the majority of policy initiatives implemented during the conflict and federalism era?
Intergovernmental efforts are the norm, with the national government enforcing its will in some cases while states voluntarily comply in other cases
A collaborative effort of two or more levels of government working together to serve the public is known as
Intergovernmental relations
Both the cooperative federalism and centralized federalism era is used which governing tool?
Intergovernmental transfers of grants in aid
In general, how does the supreme court respond to cases involving me in act one of laws based on Congress is constitutionally implied powers
It typically upholds such laws
The preference for state or national government action depending on policy substance and partisan make up of government at different levels is referred to as blank federalism
Partisan
Laws designed to protect the health, safety, lives and property of citizens are called blank powers
Police
According to scholars, which two of the following have most fueled the intergovernmental tensions of the 21st-century?
Political polarization and congressional gridlock
What are some examples of additional rights that are granted citizens by State
Protections against discrimination based on sexual orientation, freedom of expression and privately owned properties, and guarantees of clean air
The following are powers delegated to the states under the constitution
Ratifying constitutional amendments and conducting local, state, and national elections
Project grant
Recipients compete for money by writing a proposal for the grants use
The supreme court in Gibbons versus Ogden interpreted the meaning of which constitutional power?
Regulating interstate commerce
Delegates from each state except blank attended the convention to adopt the articles of confederation
Rhode Island
Unitary system
Sovereign central government
According to treaties signed with the federal government, native Americans are considered
Sovereign foreign nations
Confederal system
Sovereign regional governments
Federal mandates require legislative compliance from which entities?
State and local governments
Why did the constitution ennumerate fewer powers to the state governments?
State governments were expected to retain much of the authority they already enjoyed
Intergovernmental relations involves which stages of the policy process?
Statement development, financing, and implementation stages
Why do states continue to except federal grant money?
States depend on federal grant money to meet budget obligations
What was the ultimate result of the Supreme Court's decision in the case of South Dakota versus dole?
The federal government can attach a mandatory drinking age as a condition for state receiving dollars to be a voluntary grants-in-aid
In a confederation, if the central government body passes legislation requiring the sovereign members to Levy a tax on their citizens to help defray the cost of maintaining a military, what options do the members possess?
The members are free to carry out the new tax or they can simply ignore the central governing body's mandate
Concurrent powers are powers that
The national and state government exercise at the same time and exercise independently
Fiscal federalism is the relationship between the national government and state and local governments whereby
The national government provides grant money to state and local governments
What was the central issue in South Dakota versus dole
The national governments authority to penalize states that did not adopt a legal drinking age of at least 21 and the national governments authority to provide transportation grants with specific conditions
What did the supreme court decide and Mccolloch versus Maryland?
The necessary and proper clause implies the power to establish a national bank
Which of the following clauses has the supreme court had to interpret repeatedly due to the constitutions vague language?
The necessary and proper clause, the general welfare clause, the commerce clause, and the reserved powers clause
The formula for a categorical grants is typically based on
The number of people in the state in need of the program benefits and the purpose of the grant
Which of the following are among the enumerated powers granted to the national government by the Constitution?
The power to declare war, the power to raise an army, and the power to coin money. The powers included the power to regulate commerce between states
What is the primary distinction between categorical project grants and other federal grant programs?
The process of awarding federal money for a categorical project grant is competitive
Well upholding the Constitution Aliti of the affordable care act requirement that all individuals carry insurance, the supreme court also held that
The requirement that states expand Medicaid coverage was unconstitutional
Which of these acts is the best example of the national government's power to provide for the general welfare
The social security act
Why did the framers of the constitution specifically a numerate very few powers for the states
The state governments were already functioning prior to constitutional ratification and Madison originally sided with Alexander Hamilton in creating a strong centralized government
Under the full faith and credit clause, when I family legally adopt a child in Texas, what happens if that family moves to California?
The state of California will recognize the adoption is legal.
Which level of government enjoys ultimate control of a policy issue requiring the intergovernmental collaboration
The state, federal, or local level maintains an authority depending on the policy area
Which of the following is true about categorical formula grants?
They come with strings attached
True or false: the rights and privileges granted by the US Constitution or only minimum; state and local governments can enact laws that provide additional rights and privileges they citizens
True: all governments must comply with the constitution, but state and local governments can guarantee additional rights and privileges to the people in their jurisdictions
True or false: taking private property for public use (eminent domain) is an example of a concurrent power or authority
True: the constitution vests each layer of government with the power to take private property for public use
Federal system
Two levels of sovereign governments
Requirements imposed on state and local government's for which the federal government provides no funds are known as blank mandates
Unfunded
Great Britain has which type of governing system?
Unitary
In which system does all the power resides in the central government?
Unitary
Which governing system allows the central government to alter or abolish sub governments?
Unitary only
A blank is an exemption from a condition that is normally attached to grants
Waiver
For which of the following to Congress switch to a block grant approach trying to reform Everett's in 1996?
Welfare
Judicial federalism refers to which practice?
When state courts expand the rights and liberties of citizens by basing decisions on their state constitutions
Non-acquiescence nullification
When state law claims the state will not cooperate with the national law without declaring the law unconstitutional
